Slavery in the Spanish colonies began with local Natives. Initially, the Spanish set encomiendas on natives and maintained the mita directing it to silver mining at Potosí. However, as these populations shrank due to imported European diseases, African slaves began to be used instead beginning in 1502. The enslavement of Africans in Spanish America did not officially end until 1886. Slave redirects here. ... The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Western Hemisphere of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) in 1492. ... The encomienda system was a trusteeship labor system used during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. ... Mita was mandatory public service by society in ancient South America. ... Potosí is a city, the capital of the department of Potosí in Bolivia. ...

Africans during the Spanish Conquest

Most of the earliest black immigrants to the Americas were natives of Spain, men such as Pedro Alonso Niño, a navigator who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his first voyage, and the black colonists who helped Nicolás de Ovando form the first Spanish settlement on Hispaniola in 1502. The name of Nuflo de Olano appears in the records as that of a black slave present when Vasco Núñez de Balboa sighted the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Other blacks served with Hernán Cortés when he conquered Mexico and with Francisco Pizarro when he marched into Peru. This article is about the color black; for other uses, see Black (disambiguation). ... Christopher Columbus (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a navigator and maritime explorer credited as the discoverer of the Americas. ... Nicolás de Ovando (Valladolid, 1460–Madrid, 1518) was a Spanish soldier from a noble family and was a knight of the Order of Alcántara. ... Early map of Hispaniola The island of Hispaniola (from Spanish, La Española) is the second-largest island of the Antilles, lying between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hernán(do) Cortés Pizarro, 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (1485–December 2, 1547) was the conquistador who became famous for leading the military expedition that initiated the Spanish Conquest of Mexico. ... Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro (c. ...

Estevanico, one of the survivors of the unfortunate Narváez expedition from 1527 to 1536, was a black slave. With three other survivors, he spent six years traveling overland from Texas to Sinaloa and finally Mexico City, learning several Native American languages in the process. Later, while exploring what is now New Mexico for The Seven Cities of Gold, he lost his life in a dispute with the Zuñi. Estevanico (ca. ... The Narváez Expedition was a Spanish attempt, in 1527–1528, to install Pánfilo de Narváez as adelantado (governor) of Florida. ... January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ... Year 1536 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Sinaloa is a state in northwestern Mexico. ... Nickname: Motto: Ciudad en movimiento Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: , Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded c. ... An independent origin and development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Quivira and Cíbola are two of the fantastic Seven Cities of Gold existing only in a myth that originated around the year 1150 when the Moors conquered Mérida, Spain. ... Zuni girl with jar, 1903 The Zuñi or Ashiwi are a Native American tribe, one of the Pueblo peoples, who live in the Pueblo of Zuñi on the Zuñi River, a tributary of the Little Colorado River, in western New Mexico. ...

Juan Valiente, another black person, led Spaniards in a series of battles against the Araucanian people of Chile between 1540 and 1546. Although Valiente was a slave, he was rewarded with an estate near Santiago and control of several Native American villages. Juan Valiente (¿1505? - † Tucapel,1553), spanish black conqueror. ... The Mapuche are the pre-Hispanic inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Argentina. ... Year 1540 was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... // Events Spanish conquest of Yucatan Peace between England and France Foundation of Trinity College, Cambridge by Henry VIII of England Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Science Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. ... Location of Santiago commune in Greater Santiago Coordinates: , Region Santiago Metropolitan Region Province Santiago Province Foundation February 12, 1541 Government  - Mayor Raúl Alcaíno Lihn Area 1  - City 22. ...

Spanish enslavement of Africans

Bartolomé de las Casas (1484 - 1566) recorded the effects of slavery on the Native populations. Following what many of his contemporaries were suggesting, he initially preferred to replace Natives with African slaves to alleviate their suffering.^[1] However, he later spoke against African slavery as well once he saw it in action.^[2] Bartolomé de Las Casas This article is about a Spanish priest in the 16th century. ...

In 1501 the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, granted permission to the colonists of the Caribbean to import African slaves. Between 1502 and 1518, Spain shipped out hundreds of Spanish-born Africans, called Ladinos, to work as labourers, especially in the mines. Opponents of their enslavement cited their weak Christian faith and their penchant for escaping to the mountains or joining the Native Americans in revolt. Proponents declared that the rapid diminution of the Native American population required a consistent supply of reliable work hands. Free Spaniards were reluctant to do manual labour or to remain settled (especially after the discovery of gold on the mainland), and only slave labour could assure the economic viability of the colonies. In 1518 the first shipment of African-born slaves was sent to the West Indies. The Spaniards, although major purchasers of slaves, did not trade on the African coast until the late 1700s. However, it is estimated that 95 percent of the African slaves transported to the New world from the 15th to the 19th century were sent to Latin America and the Caribbean. In total, the Spanish colonies received about 2 million.^[3] Events A plague of tropical fire ants devastates crops on Hispaniola. ... Black Ladinos were Spanish-speaking black African slaves born in Latin America, or exiled to the Americas after spending time in Castille or Portugal. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      A Christian () is a person who...

Spain abolished slavery in Puerto Rico in 1873 and in Cuba only in 1886. Once slavery was abolished in Cuba, legal slavery gradually came to an end in the Caribbean and the rest of the Spanish possessions.^[4]

Trade Restrictions

Spanish laws designed to protect treasure fleets from South and Central America kept the number of slaves brought to Spanish colonies very low. Flotas would depart once each year, and few ships would come in bearing slaves. These restrictive laws kept the slave populations extremely low on Cuba and Puerto Rico until the 1760s. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... Slave redirects here. ... The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Western Hemisphere of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) in 1492. ...

In 1762 the British took Havana, Cuba. During this time more than 10,000 slaves - a number that would have taken 20 years to import on other islands - were brought in to the port.^[5] This change is almost directly related to the opening of Spanish slave trade to other powers in the 18th century (see Asiento). Nickname: (Spanish) City of Columns Position of Havana in the Americas Coordinates: , Country  Cuba Province Ciudad de La Habana Municipalities 15 Founded 1515a Government  - Mayor Juan Contino Aslán Area  - City 721. ... In the history of slavery, asiento (or assiento, meaning assent ) refers to the permission given by the Spanish government to other countries to sell slaves to the Spanish colonies, from the years 1543-1834. ...

Perhaps due in part to the Spanish colonies' late discovery of the money to be made on slave production of sugarcane, particularly on Cuba, the Spanish colonies were among the last to make any moves to abolish slavery. While the British colonies abolished slavery completely by 1834, Cuba still hung on to the process until 1888. Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical...

References and notes

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