The Socialist Party of America (SPA) is a socialist political party in the United States. It was formed in 1901 by a merger between the Social Democratic Party, and a wing of the older Socialist Labor Party of America. It flourished in numerous ethnic enclaves 1904-1912, with Eugene Debs as presidential candidate. It splintered over World War I and the Russian Revolution, and was a minor political movement after 1920, often nominating Norman Thomas for president. It suffered a three-way split in the 1970s, but was reformed in 2007 by members of all three of the splinter groups (the Socialist Party USA, the Democratic Socialists of America, and the Social Democrats USA) in an attempt to put the past behind us and unify the American Left. Image File history File links Sparose. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... // Political scientists have developed concepts of different ideal types of political parties in order to better compare them with each other. ... The Social Democratic Party (SDP) is a former political party operating in the United States and a predecessor to the Socialist Party of America. ... The Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) is the oldest socialist political party in the United States and the second oldest socialist party in the world. ... May refer to the politcal leader Eugene_V._Debs May also be in reference to a a debutante ball, a formal party undertaken by the leaving members of second-level schools in Ireland, most often in the month of August or September. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert Henry Asquith Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow... Red October redirects here. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ...

History

Early history

Election poster for Eugene V. Debs, Socialist Party of America candidate for President, 1904

From 1901 to the onset of World War I, the Socialist Party had numerous elected officials. There were two Socialist members of Congress, Meyer London of New York City and Victor Berger of Milwaukee; over 70 mayors, and many state legislators and city councilors. Its voting strength was greatest among recent Jewish, Finnish and German immigrants, coal miners, and former Populist farmers in the Midwest.^[1] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2321x1529, 611 KB) Summary Debs Poster USA 1904 Licensing This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2321x1529, 611 KB) Summary Debs Poster USA 1904 Licensing This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert Henry Asquith Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow... Meyer London (1871-1926) was one of two Socialist Party members elected to the United States Congress. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City... Victor Luitpold Berger (February 28, 1860 - August 7, 1929) was a United States politician and a founding member of the Socialist Party of America. ... This article is about Milwaukee in Wisconsin. ... The following is a list of prominent mayors who were members of the Socialist Party of America: // Berkeley, California J. Stitt Wilson, 1911-1913 Bridgeport, Connecticut Jasper McLevy, 1933-1957 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Emil Seidel, 1910-1912 Daniel Webster Hoan, 1916-1940 Frank Zeidler, 1948-1960 Reading, Pennsylvania J. Henry Stump...

Early political perspectives ranged from radical socialism to social democracy, with New York party leader Morris Hillquit and Congressman Berger on the more social democratic or right wing of the party and radical socialists and syndicalists, including members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the party's frequent candidate, Eugene V. Debs, on the left wing of the party. As well there were agrarian utopian-leaning radicals, such as Julius Wayland of Kansas, who edited the party's leading national newspaper, Appeal To Reason along with trade unionists; Jewish, Finnish, and German immigrants; and intellectuals such as Walter Lippmann. Morris Hillquit (1869-1933) was a prominent Socialist and labor lawyer and leader in New York Citys Lower East Side in the early twentieth century. ... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... Agrarian has two meanings: It can mean pertaining to Agriculture It can also refer to the ideology of Agrarianism and Agrarian parties. ... Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 - December 14, 1974) was an influential United States writer, journalist, and political commentator. ...

The party had a hostile relationship with the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The AFL leadership was strongly opposed to the SPA, but moderate Socialists like Berger and Hillquit urged cooperation with the AFL in hopes of eventually forming a broader Labor Party. Their leading ally in the AFL was Max Hayes, president of the International Typographical Union. These efforts were bitterly spurned, however, by the majority of the Socialist Party, who held to either the IWW view or the Wayland view. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States. ... The International Typographical Union (ITU) was a labor union founded on May 3, 1852, as the National Typographical Union. ... The IWW Label A Wobbly membership card The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, having much in common with anarcho-syndicalist unions, but also many differences. ...

Eugene V. Debs

The party's opposition to World War I caused a sharp decline in membership. An increase in the membership of its language federations from areas involved in the Bolshevik Revolution proved illusory, since these members were soon lost to the Communist Labor Party. Image File history File links Eugene_v_debs_1912. ... Image File history File links Eugene_v_debs_1912. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert Henry Asquith Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow... Language Federations were formed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century by immigrants to the United States, primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe, who shared a commitment to some form of socialist politics. ... Red October redirects here. ... The Communist Labor Party together with the Communist Party of America was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party USA. It was formed August 31, 1919 by John Reed, Benjamin Gitlow and others who had been expelled from the Socialist Party of America. ...

The party also lost some of its best stars who had been in favor of America's entry into World War I, including Walter Lippmann, John Spargo, George Phelps Stokes, and William English Walling. They briefly formed an outfit called the National Party, which hoped to merge with the remnants of Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party and the Prohibition Party, but did not do so. Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 - December 14, 1974) was an influential United States writer, journalist, and political commentator. ... John Spargo (1876 – 1966) was a British progressivist muckraker whose expose The Bitter Cry of Children explores the living conditions of children in poverty stricken households. ... William English Walling (1877-1936) was an American labor reformer and socialist born in Louisville, Kentucky. ... Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ... The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election 1912. ... National Prohibition Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1892. ...

In June 1918 the Party's best-known leader, Eugene Victor Debs made an anti-war speech^[2] calling for draft resistance; he was arrested under the Sedition Act of 1918, convicted and sentenced to serve ten years in prison. He was pardoned by President Warren G. Harding in 1921. Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 - October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader and five-time Socialist Party candidate for President of the United States. ... A draft dodger, draft evader or draft resister, is a person who avoids (dodges) or otherwise violates the conscription policies of the nation in which he or she is a citizen or resident, by leaving the country, going into hiding, attempting to fraudulently obtain conscientious objector status, or by open... The Sedition Act of 1918 was an amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917 passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who was concerned any widespread dissent in time of war constituted a real threat to an American victory. ... Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ...

Expulsion of Bolshevists

In January 1919 Vladimir Lenin invited the communist wing of the Socialist Party to join in the founding of the Communist Third International, the Comintern. Lenin redirects here. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including...

The Bolshevists held a conference in June 1919 to plan to regain control of the party by bringing delegations from the sections of the party that had been expelled to demand that they be seated. However, the language federations, eventually joined by Charles Ruthenberg and Louis Fraina broke away from that effort and formed their own party, the Communist Party of America, at a separate convention in Chicago on September 2, 1919. Charles Ruthenberg (July 14, 1884 – 1927) became famous for founding the Communist Party in the USA. Ruthenberg was born in New York City, New York, the son of an immigrant from Russia who was a prosperous garment merchant. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Meanwhile plans led by John Reed and Benjamin Gitlow to crash the Socialist Party convention went ahead. Tipped off, the incumbents called the police, who obligingly expelled the Bolshevists from the hall. The remaining Bolshevist delegates walked out and, meeting with the expelled delegates, formed the Communist Labor Party on September 1, 1919. The two parties eventually merged in 1921 to form the predecessor of the Communist Party USA. John Jack Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 19, 1920) was an American journalist and communist activist, famous for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. ... Benjamin Gitlow (1891 - 1965) was a prominent American socialist of the early twentieth century. ... The Communist Labor Party together with the Communist Party of America was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party USA. It was formed August 31, 1919 by John Reed, Benjamin Gitlow and others who had been expelled from the Socialist Party of America. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ...

Expulsion of Socialists from the New York Assembly

In 1920, the New York State Assembly expelled five Socialist members on the grounds that being a member of the Socialist Party constituted as disloyalty. These members included Louis Waldman, Samuel Orr, Charles Solomon, August Claessens and Sam Dewitt. This case was brought before the Supreme Court, and the members were permitted back into the Assembly. Louis Waldman (January 5, 1892 - 1982?) was a leading figure in the Socialist Party of America during its first 30 years and a prominent labor lawyer. ... Samuel Aaron Dewitt was a businessman and a New York state Legislator representing Bronxs 7th district from 1919 until 1928. ...

Electoral campaigns

From 1904 to 1912, the Socialist Party ran Eugene Debs for President at each election. The best showing ever for a Socialist ticket was in 1912, when Debs gained 901,551 total votes, or 6% of the popular vote. In 1920 Debs ran again, this time from prison, and received a vote on par with his 1912 showing. May refer to the politcal leader Eugene_V._Debs May also be in reference to a a debutante ball, a formal party undertaken by the leaving members of second-level schools in Ireland, most often in the month of August or September. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ...

The Socialist Party did not run a presidential candidate in 1924, but supported Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. and his ad-hoc Progressive Party. LaFollette's party disbanded after his death in 1925. Introduction Incumbent President Coolidge was relatively popular, and the economy was booming. ... Robert Marion La Follette, Sr. ... The United States Progressive Party of 1924 was a national ticket created by Robert M. La Follette, Sr. ...

In 1928, the Socialist Party returned as an independent electoral entity under the leadership of Norman Thomas, a Protestant minister in New York City. Thomas repeatedly ran as party's presidential candidate through 1948. Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ...

A turn to the left

The party experienced a major growth spurt during the Great Depression, primarily among youth. These youth leaders, however, were quickly won over to the proposition of reconciliation and reunification with the Communist Party, in keeping with new Popular Front policy of the Comintern. Leaders of the United Front faction included Reinhold Niebuhr, Andrew Biemiller, Daniel Hoan, and Gus Tyler. Most of these figures went on to become the founders of Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), a key Cold War liberal organization. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. ... Popular Fronts comprise broad coalitions of political and other groups, often made up of oppositioners or left wingers, and often united against particularly stringent circumstances. ... The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was a Protestant theologian best known for his study of the task of relating the Christian faith to the reality of modern politics and diplomacy. ... Andrew John Biemiller (July 23, 1906 - April 3, 1982) was a prominent leader of American liberalism in the 20th century. ... Daniel Webster Hoan (1881 - 1961) was a United States politician. ... Gus Tyler (born 1912) began his career as the chairman of the Young Peoples Socialist League, the youth section of the Socialist Party of America, in the early 1930s, making him a key leader in the partys faction fight of that period. ... Americans For Democratic Action (ADA) was formed in January 1947, when Eleanor Roosevelt, John Kenneth Galbraith, Reinhold Niebuhr, Hubert Humphrey and 200 other activists. ... American liberalism—that is, liberalism in the United States of America—is a broad political and philosophical mindset, favoring individual liberty, and opposing restrictions on liberty, whether they come from established religion, from government regulation, from the existing class structure, or from multi-national corporations. ...

The "militants", as they were called, were triumphant at the Socialist Party's national convention in Detroit in June 1934, which precipitated the exodus of the opposing "old guard"—led by Louis Waldman and David Dubinsky—which favored the formation of a national Farmer-Labor Party that would have been likely led by Huey Long. ^{[citation needed]} After this fell through, in 1936 the old guard leaders formed the Social Democratic Federation and reluctantly endorsed Franklin Roosevelt. Louis Waldman (January 5, 1892 - 1982?) was a leading figure in the Socialist Party of America during its first 30 years and a prominent labor lawyer. ... David Dubinsky (David Dubnievski) (February 22, 1892 - September 17, 1982) was a U.S. labor leader. ... Farmer-Labor Party was a political party of Minnesota. ... Huey Pierce Long, Jr . ... This article is about the British political party. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), often referred to as FDR, was the 32nd (1933–1945) President of the United States. ...

By this time, however, the militants as well were on the Roosevelt bandwagon, in keeping with the dictates of the Popular Front. The party was then buttressed by the mass entry of the American followers of Leon Trotsky from the U.S Workers Party in keeping with the so-called French Turn, by which Trotskyists recruited to their revolutionary perspectives. The revolutionary perspectives of the Trotskyists caused enough havoc, however, that they were expelled by 1938. The Socialist Party's youth group, the Young People's Socialist League, left with the Trotskyists. Popular Fronts comprise broad coalitions of political and other groups, often made up of oppositioners or left wingers, and often united against particularly stringent circumstances. ... Note: This page is very long. ... A number of parties have gone by differing versions of the name Workers Party. The Workers Party of the United States, also called the U.S. Workers Party, formed in December 1934. ... The French Turn refers to the policy advocated by Leon Trotsky as a plan of action for his followers at various stages throughout the 1930s. ... Revolutionary, when used as a noun, is a person who either advocates or actively engages in some kind of revolution. ... YPSLs Logo The Young Peoples Socialist League (YPSL) is a democratic socialist youth group originally affiliated with the Socialist Party of America. ...

Waning years

By 1940, only a small committed core remained in the party which opposed Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. In 1940 Norman Thomas was the only presidential candidate opposed to a pro-Soviet foreign policy. This also led Thomas to serve as an active spokesman for the isolationist America First Committee during 1941. FDR redirects here. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: New Deal For other uses of New Deal and The New Deal, see New Deal (disambiguation). ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian (the de facto official language), 14 other official languages Government Socialist republic Leaders  - 1922-1924 Vladimir Lenin  - 1924-1953 Joseph Stalin... The America First Committee was the foremost pressure group against American entry into the Second World War. ...

Thomas led his last presidential campaign in 1948, after which he became a critical supporter of the postwar liberal consensus. The party retained some pockets of local success, in cities such as Milwaukee, Bridgeport, Connecticut, and Reading, Pennsylvania. In New York City, they often ran their own candidates on the Liberal Party line. In 1956, the party reconciled and reunified with the Social Democratic Federation. This article is about Milwaukee in Wisconsin. ... Nickname: Location in Connecticut Coordinates: NECTA Bridgeport-Stamford Region Greater Bridgeport Incorporated (town) 1821 Incorporated (city) 1836 Government type Mayor-council  - Mayor John M. Fabrizi Area    - City 50. ... Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Berks County Founded 1748  - Mayor Thomas McMahon Area    - City  10. ... The Liberal Party of New York is a minor political party active only in New York State. ...

In 1958 the party admitted to its ranks the members of the Independent Socialist League led by Max Shachtman. Shachtman's young followers were able to bring new vigor into the party and helped propel it to play an active role in the civil rights movement as well as the early events of the New Left. Shachtman, however, successfully blocked merger of the party with the Jewish Labor Bund on account of that organization's historical anti-Zionism. ^[3] The Workers Party was a Trotskyist group in the United States. ... Max Shachtman (September 10, 1904 - November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. ... Martin Luther King is perhaps most famous for his I Have a Dream speech, given in front of the Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom This article is about the civil rights movement following the Brown v. ... The New Left is a term used to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... A Bundist demonstration, 1917 The General Jewish Labour Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, in Yiddish the Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland (אַלגמײַנער ײדישער אַרבײטערסבונד אין ליטאַ, פוילין און רוסלאַנד), generally called The Bund (בונד) or the Jewish Labor Bund, was a Jewish political party operating in several European countries between the 1890s and the... Anti-Zionism is a term used to describe several different political and religious points of view that have in common some form of opposition to Zionism. ...

Split

By the late 1960s the most powerful figures in the Socialist Party of America were Max Shachtman and Michael Harrington, who agreed upon a parallel strategy of maintaining the Socialist Party as an independent third party that fielded its own candidates, and acting as a pressure group within the Democratic Party. The party itself had become divided into three caucuses. One was the Debs Caucus led by David McReynolds, which wanted to pursue the traditional position of the Socialist Party as an independent political party and held the most strongly "leftist" position within the group. Another was the "centrist" Coalition Caucus led by Michael Harrington, which also had a leftist orientation, but wanted to work within the Democratic Party to pull it to the left. Finally, the "rightist" Unity Caucus led by Max Shachtman were strong supporters of the Lyndon Johnson/"Scoop" Jackson wing of the Democratic Party that supported hawkish anti-Communism abroad and civil rights and the Great Society program domestically.^{[4] [5]} This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... David McReynolds David McReynolds (born October 25, 1929) is an American socialist politician. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908–January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician. ... Henry Martin Scoop Jackson (May 31, 1912 – September 1, 1983) was a U.S. Congressman and Senator for Washington State from 1941 until his death. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... The Great Society was a set of domestic programs proposed or enacted in the United States on the initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969). ...

This split was reflected in party members opinions about the Vietnam War and the New Left – Shachtman and his followers increasingly supported the war and greatly distrusted the New Left, Harrington was strongly opposed to the war, but was nevertheless suspicious of the New Left, while the Debs Caucus opposed the war and embraced the New Left. Conversely, of all the three groups, the Shachtmanites maintained the strongest tendency to Marxist orthodoxy (or their version of it) and democratic centralism, while the other two caucuses were more eclectic in their approach to socialism. This division manifest most strongly during the 1968 Democratic Convention, in which members of the Debs Caucus were among the protesters outside of the convention, while members of the Coalition and Unity Caucuses were among the convention delegates.^{[4] [5]} Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... The New Left is a term used to refer to radical left-wing movements from the 1960s onwards. ... Shachtmanism was a form of Trotskyism associated with Max Shachtman. ... Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties, and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist policy inside a political party. ... (Redirected from 1968 Democratic Convention) Police and protesters at the Convention The 1968 Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago by the United States Democratic Party, for the purposes of choosing the Democratic nominee for the 1968 U.S. Presidential Election. ...

By 1972, the party was even more deeply divided, with the party newspaper, New America, running opposing articles on practically every issue.^[5] During the 1972 presidential election, each caucus supported a different candidate; the Debs Caucus supported the independent candidacy of Benjamin Spock, the Coalition Caucus supporting the liberal Democratic nominee George McGovern, and the Unity Caucus supporting the Democratic primary run of Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson, then declaring their neutrality between McGovern and Richard Nixon when Jackson failed to win the nomination.^{[4] [5]} Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Dr. Spock (l) with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. ... George McGovern on May 8, 1972 cover of Time Magazine George Stanley McGovern, Ph. ... Henry Martin Scoop Jackson (May 31, 1912 – September 1, 1983) was a U.S. Congressman and Senator for Washington State from 1941 until his death. ... Nixon redirects here. ...

The Debs Caucus finally broke with the party in 1972 to form the Union for Democratic Socialism.^[4] (David McReynolds had left the party in 1970,^[5] but rejoined the breakaway group.) The UDS became the Socialist Party USA in 1973 when all other factions had abandoned the name "Socialist Party". The Socialist Party USA developed into a small third party in U.S. politics, but now has less than 1,000 members. The party seldom runs serious candidates for public office. The Socialist Party USA (SP USA) is one of the heirs to the Socialist Party of America of Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas. ...

Michael Harrington and the Coalition Caucus left the party soon after. They became the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (later the Democratic Socialists of America),^[4] which worked within the Democratic Party but in support of its left wing. They enjoyed some successes in the 1970s, but were marginalized by their dependence on Harrington's personality and later support for Jesse Jackson. The Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC) was founded in 1973 by the bulk of those members of the Socialist Party of America who opposed the partys takeover by the followers of Max Shachtman. ... Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is the largest socialist organization in the United States and the principal U.S. affiliate of the Socialist International, a federation of socialist, social democratic and labour parties and organizations. ... Jesse Louis Jackson (born October 8, 1941) is an American politician, civil rights activist, and Baptist minister. ...

This left Shachtman and the Unity Caucus in unopposed control of the party (though Shachtman himself died very soon after). In 1973, this group renamed it the Social Democrats USA. It evolved into more of a think tank than a political organization, with many of its members later holding important governmental offices in both Democratic and Republican administrations. The Social Democrats USA (SDUSA) is a small coalition of intellectuals and trade unionists. ...

Awakening

Presidential tickets

• 1900 - Eugene V. Debs & Job Harriman
• 1904 - Eugene V. Debs & Ben Hanford
• 1908 - Eugene V. Debs & Ben Hanford
• 1912 - Eugene V. Debs & Emil Seidel
• 1916 - Allan L. Benson & George Kirkpatrick
• 1920 - Eugene V. Debs & Seymour Stedman
• 1924 - Robert M. La Follette, Sr. & Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive Party)
• 1928 - Norman Thomas & James H. Maurer
• 1932 - Norman Thomas & James H. Maurer
• 1936 - Norman Thomas & George A. Nelson
• 1940 - Norman Thomas & Maynard C. Krueger
• 1944 - Norman Thomas & Darlington Hoopes
• 1948 - Norman Thomas & Tucker P. Smith
• 1952 - Darlington Hoopes & Samuel H. Friedman
• 1956 - Darlington Hoopes & Samuel H. Friedman

Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Emil Seidel (December 13, 1864 – June 24, 1947) was the mayor of Milwaukee from 1910 to 1912. ... Allan Louis Benson (November 6, 1871–August 19, 1940) was an American newspaper editor who stood as the United States Socialist Party candidate for President in 1916. ... Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Robert Marion La Follette, Sr. ... credited to the United States Senate Historical Office Burton Kendall Wheeler (February 27, 1882 – January 6, 1975) was a Montana politician of the Democratic Party and a United States Senator from 1923 until 1947. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Maynard C Krueger (? - 20 December 1991) was a professor at the University of Chicago. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Darlington Hoopes (September 11, 1896 — September 29, 1989) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the 1952 (in which he won 20,065 votes) and 1956 presidential elections, representing the Socialist Party of America. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Darlington Hoopes (September 11, 1896 — September 29, 1989) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the 1952 (in which he won 20,065 votes) and 1956 presidential elections, representing the Socialist Party of America. ... Darlington Hoopes (September 11, 1896 — September 29, 1989) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the 1952 (in which he won 20,065 votes) and 1956 presidential elections, representing the Socialist Party of America. ...

Prominent members

(*) Left with founding of the Communist Party USA

(†) Went on to join the Socialist Party USA

Victor Berger, photograph and caption from a 1920 Literary Digest article Victor Louis (Luitpold) Berger (February 28, 1860 – August 7, 1929) was a United States politician and a founding member of the Socialist Party of America. ... Ella Reeve Bloor born Ella Reeve and also known as Mother Bloor (1862–1951) was radical labor organizer, socialist and communist. ... Earl Russell Browder (May 20, 1891–June 27, 1973) was an American socialist and leader of the Communist Party USA. // Early years Browder was born in Wichita, Kansas. ... James Cannon in Moscow (1922) James Patrick Cannon (1890-1974) was an American Communist and Trotskyist leader. ... Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union, the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time Socialist Party of America candidate for President of the United States. ... Samuel Aaron Dewitt was a businessman and a New York state Legislator representing Bronxs 7th district from 1919 until 1928. ... Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (1890-1964) was born in Concord, New Hampshire on 7 August, 1890. ... William Edward Foster (February 25, 1881 - September 1, 1961), who renamed himself as William Z. Foster, was the long-time General Secretary of the Communist Party USA and trade union leader. ... William Dudley Big Bill Haywood (February 4, 1869–May 18, 1928) was a prominent figure in American radical unionism as a leader in the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) and later as a founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). ... Morris Hillquit (1869-1933) was a prominent Socialist and labor lawyer and leader in New York Citys Lower East Side in the early twentieth century. ... Darlington Hoopes (September 11, 1896 — September 29, 1989) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the 1952 (in which he won 20,065 votes) and 1956 presidential elections, representing the Socialist Party of America. ... Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was a deafblind American author, activist and lecturer. ... Jack London, probably born John Griffith Chaney (January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916),[4][5][6] was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild and over fifty other books. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Helen and Scott Nearing. ... Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was a Protestant theologian best known for his study of the task of relating the Christian faith to the reality of modern politics and diplomacy. ... Kate Richards OHare (1877-1948), was a prominent Socialist anti-war activist during World War I. As the editor of the National Rip-Saw, a socialist journal, OHare critiqued American society from a socialist perspective. ... Mary White Ovington Mary White Ovington (born April 11, 1865 in Brooklyn, New York - 1951) was a civil rights leader. ... Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) was a socialist in the labor movement and the US civil rights movement. ... John Jack Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 19, 1920) was an American journalist and communist activist, famous for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. ... Victor Reuther (January 1, 1912 - June 3, 2004) was a prominent international Labor organizer. ... Walter Philip Reuther (September 1, 1907 – May 10, 1970) was an American labor union leader, who made the United Automobile Workers a major force not only in the auto industry but also in the Democratic party]] in the mid 20th century. ... Bayard Rustin at news briefing on the Civil Rights March on Washington, August 27, 1963 Bayard Rustin (March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was an African-American civil rights activist, important largely behind the scenes in the civil rights movement of the 1960s and earlier and principal organizer of the... Carl Sandburg in 1955 Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, historian, novelist, balladeer and folklorist. ... Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. ... Rose Pastor Stokes was a Socialist Party leader and feminist. ... Norman Thomas Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 - December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. ... Louis Waldman (January 5, 1892 - 1982?) was a leading figure in the Socialist Party of America during its first 30 years and a prominent labor lawyer. ... Frank P. Zeidler (born 1912) was a socialist mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1948 to 1960. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ... The Socialist Party USA (SP USA) is one of the heirs to the Socialist Party of America of Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas. ...

See also

• Sewer Socialism

Sewer Socialism was a Socialist movement that began in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and existed from around 1892 to 1940. ...

Bibliography

• Bell Daniel. Marxian Socialism in the United States. Princeton University Press, 1967.
• Harrington, Michael. Socialism 1970.
• Robert Hyfler; Prophets of the Left: American Socialist Thought in the Twentieth Century Greenwood Press. 1984.
• Ira Kipnis; The American Socialist Movement, 1897-1912 Columbia University Press, 1952
• Laslett John M., and Lipset, Seymour Martin, eds. Failure of a Dream? Essays in the History of American Socialism. 1974.
• H. Wayne Morgan; Eugene v. Debs: Socialist for President Greenwood Press, 1973
• Miller, Sally M. Victor Berger and the Promise of Constructive Socialism, 1910-1920 .Greenwood, 1973.
• Quint, Howard. The Forging of American Socialism. 1953.
• Nick Salvatore. Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist (2007), the standard scholarly biography
• David A. Shannon. "The Socialist Party Before the First World War: An Analysis" The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Sep., 1951), pp. 279-288. in JSTOR
• Shannon, David A. The Socialist Party of America. 1967.
• Swanberg W. A. Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist. 1976
• Weinstein James. The Decline of Socialism in America: 1912-1925. 1969.

References

1. ^ Shannon (1951)
2. ^ Eugene V. Debs, "The Canton, Ohio Speech, Anti-War Speech", delivered June 16, 1918, first published 1918 in The Call, online at Marxists.org, accessed 11 August 2006.
3. ^ A Short History of the Socialist Party USA (2000). Retrieved on 2006-10-08..
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Socialist Party of Rhode Island. (2000). A Short History of the Socialist Party USA (web page). Accessed: June 13, 2006.
5. ^ ^{a b c d e} Drucker, Peter. (1994). Max Shachtman and His Left: A Socialist's Odyssey Through the "American Century". Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press. 346 p. ISBN 0-391-03815-X

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 8 is the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (282nd in leap years). ...

External links

Official website

• Socialist Party of America

State/Local affiliates

• Social Democratic Party of Pennsylvania
• Socialist Party of Florida

Elections

• Information on independent Socialist campaigns

Books

• George Ross Kirkpatrick's WAR - WHAT FOR? (1916) attacking World War I.

Articles

• The Last Socialist Mayor. Frank Zeidler, Mayor of Milwaukee (1948-1960). Interviewer, Amy Goodman. Democracy Now!. Monday, June 21, 2004. Retrieved May 12, 2005.
• Book Review: Bridgeport's Socialist New Deal, 1915-1936 by Cecelia Bucki, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2001. Published by Socialist Organizer. Retrieved August 27, 2006.
• Excerpts from the Reading Eagle, November 1911 and November 1935. Articles on the Reading, Pennsylvania Socialist Party.

Frank P. Zeidler (born 1912) was a socialist mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1948 to 1960. ... This article is about Milwaukee in Wisconsin. ... Democracy Now! logo. ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Organizer newspaper Socialist Organizer is a Trotskyist political party in the United States. ... Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Berks County Founded 1748  - Mayor Thomas McMahon Area    - City  10. ...

Other

• Socialist Party chronology in Early American Marxism Archive. Retrieved August 23, 2006.
• SPA Downloadable Documents 1897 - 1930 on Marxist Internet Archive. Retrieved April 20, 2005.
• Lists of SPA Publications 1897 - 1930 on Marxist Internet Archive. Retrieved April 20, 2005.
• Lists of SPA Officials 1897 - 1936. Retrieved May 29, 2006.
• List of SPA Membership figures 1899 - 1946. Retrieved May 29, 2006.

April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Socialist Party Reference Material. Guide to campaign buttons and iconography of the SPA.