Soyuz 9 paved the way for the Salyut space station missions, investigating the effects of long-term weightlessness on crew, and evaluating the work that the cosmonauts could do in orbit, individually and as a team. June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. ... The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest working space launch facility. ... June 19 is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 195 days remaining. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Salyut (Russian: Салют, Salute or Firework) program was a series of space stations launched by the Soviet Union in the 1970s. ... A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live on in outer space. ... Astronauts on the International Space Station display an example of weightlessness Weightlessness is the experience (by people and objects) during freefall, of having no apparent weight. ... U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit. ...

Commander Andrian Nikolayev and flight-engineer Vitali Sevastyanov spent eighteen days in space conducting various physiological and biomedical experiments on themselves, but also investigating the social implications of prolonged spaceflight. The cosmonauts spent time in two-way TV links with their families, watched the World Cup football game, played chess with ground control, and voted in a Soviet election. The mission set a new space endurance record and marked a shift in emphasis away from spacefarers merely being able to exist in space for the duration of a long mission (such as the Apollo flights to the moon) and being able to actually live in space. Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев), (September 5, 1929–July 3, 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Vitali Ivanovich Sevastyanov, cyrillic Виталий Иванович Севастьянов, (born July 8, 1935 in Krasnouralsk) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions. ... The Football World Cup (official name: FIFA World Cup) is the most important competition in international football (soccer). ...

On their return to Earth, the crew was found to have weakened considerably, and it took some ten days for them to regain their strength. In orbit, they had sacrificed some of their exercise time for the sake of carrying out their scientific work, and their bodies' reactions to the prolonged weightlessness emphasised the importance of maintaining regular exercise. Astronauts on the International Space Station display an example of weightlessness Weightlessness is the experience (by people and objects) during freefall, of having no apparent weight. ...

Crew

• Andrian Nikolayev (2)
• Vitali Sevastyanov (1)

Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев), (September 5, 1929–July 3, 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Vitali Ivanovich Sevastyanov, cyrillic Виталий Иванович Севастьянов, (born July 8, 1935 in Krasnouralsk) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions. ...

Mission Parameters

• Mass: 6590 kg
• Perigee: 176 km
• Apogee: 227 km
• Inclination: 51.6°
• Period: 88.5 min

Soyuz 8 was part of a joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 7 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together at the same time, carrying seven cosmonauts. ... The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. ... Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ...