NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Stasi

This article is about Stasi, the secret police of East Germany. See Commission Stasi for its other common meaning. For the Orange flavored cola see Spezi. Image File history File linksMetadata MFS_01. ... Image File history File linksMetadata MFS_01. ... This article is about secret police as organizations. ... GDR redirects here. ... The French commission Stasi is a commission set up to reflect upon the application of the laÃ¯citÃ© principle. ... Spezi is a soft drink made with cola and lemonade. ...

The Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS / Ministry for State Security), commonly known as the Stasi (from Staatssicherheit), was the main security (secret police) and intelligence organization of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The Stasi was headquartered in East Berlin, with an extensive complex in Lichtenberg and several smaller complexes throughout the city. Widely regarded as one of the most effective intelligence agencies in the world, the Stasi's motto was "Schild und Schwert der Partei" (Shield and Sword of the Party), showing its connections to the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the equivalent to the CPSU of the Soviet Union. Another term used in earlier years to refer to the Stasi was Staatssicherheitsdienst (State Security Service). Numerous countries and governments have or have had a Ministry for State Security or Ministry of State Security. ... This article is about secret police as organizations. ... Intelligence (abbreviated or ) is the process and the result of gathering information and analyzing it to answer questions or obtain advance warnings needed to plan for the future. ... â€œEast Germanyâ€ redirects here. ... East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... Lichtenberg is a borough of Berlin, Germany. ... The logo of the SED The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = &#1050...

History

The Stasi was founded on February 8, 1950. It was modeled on the Soviet MGB, and was regarded by the Soviets as an extremely loyal and effective partner. Image File history File links Stasi_004_540px. ... Image File history File links Stasi_004_540px. ... February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Soviet redirects here. ... The Ministry of State Security (MGB) ( Russian: ÐœÐ¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ‚ÐµÑ€ÑÑ‚Ð²Ð¾ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑƒÐ´Ð°Ñ€ÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð¸ (Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti)) was the name of the Soviet secret police agency from 1946 to 1953. ...

Wilhelm Zaisser was the first Minister of State Security of the GDR, and Erich Mielke his deputy. Zaisser was removed by Walter Ulbricht, the leader of East Germany, in 1953 and replaced by Ernst Wollweber. Wollweber resigned in 1957 after numerous clashes with Walter Ulbricht and Erich Honecker and was succeeded by his deputy, Erich Mielke. Wilhelm Zaisser Wilhelm Zaisser (June 20, 1893-March 3, 1958) was head of East Germany’s Stasi from 1950 to 1953. ... Erich Fritz Emil Mielke (December 28, 1907 - May 21, 2000 in Berlin), was a German Communist. ... Walter Ulbricht (June 30, 1893 â€“ August 1, 1973) was a German communist politician. ... GDR redirects here. ... Ernst Wollweber (October 29, 1898-May 3, 1967) was Minister of East Germanyâ€™s Stasi from 1953 to 1957. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Walter Ulbricht (June 30, 1893 â€“ August 1, 1973) was a German communist politician. ... Erich Honecker (25 August 1912 â€“ 29 May 1994) was a German Communist politician who led German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until 1989. ... Erich Fritz Emil Mielke (December 28, 1907 - May 21, 2000 in Berlin), was a German Communist. ...

Also during 1957, Markus Wolf became head of the Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA) or General Reconnaissance Administration, its foreign intelligence section. As intelligence chief, Wolf achieved great success in penetrating the government, political and business circles of West Germany with spies. The most influential case was that of Günter Guillaume which led to the fall of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt. Markus Wolf. ... The Hauptverwaltung AufklÃ¤rung (en. ... The Hauptverwaltung AufklÃ¤rung (en. ... GÃ¼nter Guillaume (February 1, 1927 â€“ April 10, 1995), a citizen of the German Democratic Republic, was an intelligence agent of that countrys secret service, the Stasi. ... Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992) was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 â€“ 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 â€“ 1987. ...

However, the Stasi also played another, more external, role; it saved the lives of many leftist activists and politicians during the 1970s, especially in South America. For example, it is suspected that immediately after the Pinochet Coup in Chile (September 1973), Stasi agents organised the rescue and transportation to the GDR of hundreds of members and cadres of People's Unity. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... General Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte1 (born November 25, 1915) was head of the military government that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990. ...

In 1986, Wolf retired and was succeeded by Werner Grossmann. Werner GroÃŸmann was born in Ober-Ebenheit on 6 March 1929. ...

In 1989, just before the dissolution of East Germany, the Stasi was renamed the Office for National Security and headed by Stasi general Rudi Mittig. 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rudi Mittig born 26 January 1925 in Reichenberg, Czech Republic, died 28 August 1994 in Germany. ...

Influence

The Stasi influenced almost every aspect of life in the GDR. During the mid-1980s, a civilian network of informants known as the Inoffizielle Mitarbeiter (IMs, Unofficial Collaborators) began to grow within both parts of Germany, East and West. By the time East Germany collapsed in 1989, it was estimated that 91,000 full-time employees and 300,000 informants were employed by the Stasi. In other words, about one in fifty East Germans collaborated with the Stasi—one of the highest penetrations of any civilian society by an intelligence-gathering organization. Additionally, Stasi resources were frequently used to infiltrate and undermine West Germany's government and intelligence personnel. While the Stasi succeeded in their infiltration of West Germany, the Stasi purportedly never suffered much intrusion from Western intelligence personnel.^{[citation needed]} Statue outside of the Stasi archives building (now a museum), Berlin. ... Statue outside of the Stasi archives building (now a museum), Berlin. ... The 1980s refers to the years of and between 1980 and 1989. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Stasi also monitored politically subversive behavior among citizens of East Germany. During the Peaceful Revolution of 1989, Stasi offices became overrun by enraged citizens but not before a large amount of confidential material was first destroyed by Stasi officers. The remaining files were later made available for review to those who were targets of Stasi surveillance; many of the reports revealed that the individual's friends, colleagues, spouses, and relatives had regularly filed reports with the organization. Other files (the Rosenholz Files), which contained the names of East German foreign spies, led American intelligence agencies to their capture. Following German reunification, it was revealed that the Stasi had also secretly aided left-wing terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction. The eventual loss of financial support from the Stasi was a major factor in contributing to the dissolution of such groups. Image File history File links Mielke_generaele. ... Image File history File links Mielke_generaele. ... The Peaceful revolution is the name given to the demonstrations in East Germany that led to the downfall of the government and ultimately to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany. ... The Rosenholz files are a collection of 381 CD-ROMs containing 280,000 files with information on employees of the Hauptverwaltung AufklÃ¤rung (HVA), one of the intelligence agencies of the former GDR. They mostly contain the real names of agents who worked for the HVA in former West Germany. ... Red Army Fraction Insignia - a Red Star and a Heckler & Koch MP5 The Red Army Faction (or Red Army Fraction; also commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof Group [or Gang] in German: Rote Armee Fraktion or simply RAF), was one of postwar West Germanys most active and prominent militant...

An article in Der Spiegel more recently alleged that the Stasi intentionally exposed various political prisoners to high doses of radiation, possibly for the purpose of giving the victims a high cancer-risk.^[1] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The opening of Stasi archives has also had the effect of exposing former informants, some of whom hold high office today. In Finland, for example, presidential advisor Alpo Rusi was suspected of serving as a former Stasi informant but was later cleared of the charges.

Recovery of Stasi archives

During the regime's final days in 1989–90, panicking Stasi officials attempted to shred the files of their documents, both using paper shredders and tearing them by hand when the shredders collapsed under the load. The hastily stored bags of paper pieces were found soon after and confiscated by the new government. In 1995, the German government hired a Zirndorf team to reassemble the documents; six years later the three dozen archivists commissioned on the projects were through only 300 bags; they then switched to computer-assisted data recovery to process the remaining 16,000 bags—estimated to contain 33 million pages. [4] Image File history File links Archiv2_300_203px. ... Image File history File links Archiv2_300_203px. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Zirndorf is a Bavarian town in the district of FÃ¼rth. ... Paper shredder with built-in wastebasket Paper shredders are used to cut paper into very fine strips or tiny paper chips. ...

Following a declassification ruling imposed by the reunited German government in 1992, the Stasi files were also slowly opened to the public, leading individuals to come looking for the files compiled about them. Timothy Garton Ash, an English historian, wrote The File: A Personal History after investigating the file about him compiled while he was completing research for his dissertation in East Berlin. Timothy Garton Ash (born 12 July 1955) is the British author of eight books of political writing or â€˜history of the presentâ€™ which have charted the transformation of Europe over the last quarter-century. ...

CIA agents acquired some of the Stasi records after the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent looting of Stasi premises. The Federal Republic of Germany has sought their return and received some, but not all of the files in April 2000. BBC

Museum in the old headquarters

The Anti-Stalinist Action Normannenstraße (ASTAK), an association founded by former GDR Citizens' Committees, has transformed the former headquarters of the Stasi into a museum. It is divided into three floors: Image File history File links StasiHQ.jpg located at:http://www. ... Image File history File links StasiHQ.jpg located at:http://www. ...

The ground floor has been kept as it used to be. The decor is original, with many statues and flags.

Society for Legal and Humanitarian Support

Ex-Stasi officers continue to be politically active via the Gesellschaft zur Rechtlichen und Humanitären Unterstützung e. V. (Society for Legal and Humanitarian Support) (GRH). Former high-ranking officers and employees of the Stasi, including the Stasi's last director, Wolfgang Schwanitz, make up the majority of the organization's members, and it receives support from the German Communist Party, among others.

Impetus for the establishment of the GRH was provided by the criminal charges filed against the Stasi in the early 1990's. The GRH, decrying the charges as "victor's justice", called for them to be dropped. Today the group provides an alternative if somewhat utopian voice in the public debate on the GDR legacy. It calls for the closure of the museum in Hohenschönhausen and can be a vocal presence at memorial services and public events. In March 2006 in Berlin, GRH members disrupted a museum event; a political scandal ensued when the Berlin Senator (Minister) of Culture refused to confront them.^[2]

Behind the scenes, the GRH also exerts pressure on people and institutions promoting opposing viewpoints. For example, in March 2006, the Berlin Senator for Education received a letter from a GRH member and former Stasi officer attacking the Museum for promoting "falsehoods, anticommunist agitation and psychological terror against minors". ^[3] Similar letters have also been received by schools organizing field trips to the museum. ^[4]

Chairmen of the Stasi

Wilhelm Zaisser Wilhelm Zaisser (June 20, 1893-March 3, 1958) was head of East Germany’s Stasi from 1950 to 1953. ... Ernst Wollweber (October 29, 1898-May 3, 1967) was Minister of East Germanyâ€™s Stasi from 1953 to 1957. ... Erich Fritz Emil Mielke (December 28, 1907 - May 21, 2000 in Berlin), was a German Communist. ...

Alleged Informants

Gert Bastian and Petra Kelly on the cover of Alice Schwarzers Eine tÃ¶dliche Liebe Gert Bastian (March 26, 1923 - October 1992) was a German military officer and politician with the Green Party. ... Richard Clements (1928-) was editor of the left-wing weekly Tribune from 1960 to 1982. ... Thomas Edward Neil Driberg, Baron Bradwell (May 22, 1905â€”August 12, 1976) was a British journalist and politician who was an influential member on the left of the UK Labour party from the 1940s to the 1970s. ... Leopold Raymond Fletcher (3 December 1921 - 16 March 1991) was Labour Party (UK) Member of Parliament for Ilkeston from 1964 to 1983. ... Torsten GÃ¼tschow (born July 28, 1962) is a German ex-footballer who played as a striker. ... GÃ¼nter Guillaume (February 1, 1927 â€“ April 10, 1995), a citizen of the German Democratic Republic, was an intelligence agent of that countrys secret service, the Stasi. ... Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992) was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 â€“ 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 â€“ 1987. ... The head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (German: Kanzler or Bundeskanzler meaning federal chancellor). ... The Left Party (In German: , officially with a period at the end), formerly Party of Democratic Socialism (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus, PDS) is a left-wing socialist political party in Germany. ... The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is the parliament of Germany. ... Ulf Kirsten (born December 4, 1965 in Riesa, East Germany) is a former German football (soccer) striker, the first player in history to reach a total 100 caps playing with two different national teams. ... Charlotte von Mahlsdorf (March 18, 1928 - April 30, 2002) was the founder of the GrÃ¼nderzeit Museum (a museum of every-day items) in Berlin-Mahlsdorf. ... John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper (born 10 September 1935) is a British politician. ... Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Housing of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen BundeslÃ¤nder (federal states). ...

In fiction

The Academy Award-winning German film Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives Of Others) is set in an East Berlin riddled by secret agents of the Stasi. The film opened in the U.S. on February 9, 2007. Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... Das Leben der Anderen (called The Life Of The Others in English) is a German movie and the debut of director and screenwriter Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. ... East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

The Legend of Rita (Die Stille nach dem Schuß), a 2000 film directed by Volker Schlöndorff, dwells heavily on the relationship between the Stasi and the general population of East Germany. The second-most prominent character is the Stasi "control" for the title character. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Volker Schlondorff Volker SchlÃ¶ndorff (born in Wiesbaden, Germany on March 31, 1939) is a Berlin-based German filmmaker. ... GDR redirects here. ...

See also

Mass surveillance is the pervasive surveillance of an entire population, or a substantial fraction thereof. ... Stasiland by Anna Funder is a book about heroic people who resisted the East German regime, and others who worked for its secret police, the Stasi. ...

Footnotes

The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

References

External links

German

English

Cold War

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Participants: NATO · Warsaw Pact · Non-Aligned Movement · People's Republic of China

Timeline of events · Portal · Category

1940s

• Yalta Conference
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• Gouzenko Affair
• Iran Crisis
• Chinese Civil War
• Greek Civil War
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• Czechoslovakian Coup
• Tito-Stalin split
• Berlin Blockade
For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_NATO.svg The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ... Image File history File links Seal of the Warsaw Pact. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Although the Cold War can be considered to have begun in 1947, the timeline also lists important dates in the origins of the Cold War. ... The Big Three at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. ... Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin meeting at the Potsdam Conference on July 18, 1945. ... Gouzenko wearing his white hood for anonymity Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko (January 13, 1919, Rogachev, Soviet Union â€“ June 1982, Mississauga) was a cipher clerk for the Soviet Embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario. ... The Iran crisis an international crisis concerning Iran in 1946. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... Combatants Hellenic Army, Royalist forces, Republicans, British troops Communist guerillas (ELAS, DSE) Commanders Alexander Papagos, Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, James Van Fleet Markos Vafiadis Strength 100,000 men 20,000 men and women[] Casualties 12,777 killed 37,732 wounded 4,527 missing 38,000 killed[] 40,000 captured or surrendered The... Truman delivering the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947. ... Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Informbiro. ... Occupation zones after 1945. ...

1950s

• Korean War
• First Indochina War
• Iranian Coup
• Guatemalan Coup
• East German Uprising
• First Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Poznań June
• Hungarian Revolution
Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea, Australia, Belgium, Luxembourg, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States Medical staff: Denmark, Australia, Italy, Norway, Sweden Communist states: Democratic Peopleâ€™s Republic of Korea, Peoples Republic of China, Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants France Viá»‡t Minh Strength 500,000 at least 63,000, but estimates 100,000-950,000 Casualties 94,581 dead 78,127 wounded 40,000 captured 300,000+ dead 500,000+ wounded 100,000 captured The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the Franco... Soldiers surround the Parliament building in Tehran on August 19, 1953. ... Former president Jacobo Arbenz GuzmÃ¡n on the cover of TIME magazine in June 1954 after his overthrow Operation PBSUCCESS was a CIA-organized covert operation that overthrew the democratically-elected President of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz GuzmÃ¡n in 1954. ... Protesters marching through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany took place in June and November 1953. ... Taiwan Strait The First Taiwan Strait Crisis (also called the 1954-1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis or the 1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis) was a short armed conflict that took place between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) governments. ... PoznaÅ„ crosses commemorating the PoznaÅ„ 1956 protests and subsequent Polish protests against the communist political system. ... Combatants Soviet Union; ÃVH (Hungarian State Security Police) Ad hoc local Hungarian militias Commanders Ivan Konev Various independent militia leaders Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks Unknown number of militia and soldiers Casualties 722 killed, 1,251 wounded[1] 2,500 killed 13,000 wounded[2] The Hungarian Revolution...

• Suez Crisis
• Sputnik Crisis
• Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Cuban Revolution
Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA 2,900 WIA 2... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik crisis was a turn point of the Cold War that began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite. ... Taiwan Strait The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was a conflict that took place between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) governments in which the PRC was accused by Taiwan of shelling the islands of Matsu and... The Cuban Revolution refers to the revolutionary war in Cuba culminating in the overthrow of Fulgencio Batistaâ€™s government on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July Movement and other revolutionary elements in the country. ...

1960s

• Congo Crisis
• Sino-Soviet Split
• U-2 Crisis of 1960
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Construction of the Berlin Wall
• Vietnam War
• U.S. Invasion of Dominican Republic
• Overthrow of Sukarno
• Bangkok Declaration
• Secret War in Laos
• Regime of the Colonels in Greece
• Prague Spring
• Détente
• Sino-Soviet Border Conflict
Combatants Congo UN troops Katanga Belgium Mercenaries The Congo Crisis (1960-1965) was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu. ... The Sino-Soviet split was a major diplomatic conflict between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), beginning in the late 1950s, reaching a peak in 1969 and continuing in various ways until the late 1980s. ... The Uâ€“2 Crisis of 1960 occurred when an American Uâ€“2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. ... Combatants Cubans trained by Soviet advisers Cuban exiles trained by the United States Commanders Fidel Castro Jose Ramon Fernandez Francisco Ciutat de Miguel Grayston Lynch Pepe San Roman Erneido Oliva Strength 51,000 1,500 Casualties various estimates; over 1,600 dead (Triay p. ... USAF reconnaissance photo of one of the suspected launch sites The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States regarding the Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba. ... East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, 20 November 1961. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Operation Power Pack was the American intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965. ... The overthrow of Sukarno and the violence that followed it was a conflict in Indonesia from 1965 to 1966 between forces loyal to then-President Sukarno and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and forces loyal to a right-wing military faction led by General Abdul Haris Nasution and Maj. ... ASEAN Declaration or Bangkok Declaration is the founding document of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ... Combatants Kingdom of Laos, United States, Thailand, Republic of Vietnam Pathet Lao Democratic Republic of Vietnam The Secret War (1962-1975) also known as the Laotian Civil War was a term used to describe the Laotian front of the Vietnam War. ... The Phoenix and the silhouette of the soldier bearing a rifle with fixed bayonet was the emblem of the Junta. ... People in a cafÃ© watch Soviet tanks roll past The Prague Spring (Czech: PraÅ¾skÃ© jaro, Slovak: PraÅ¾skÃ¡ jar, Russian: Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÐ½Ð°) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968 when Alexander DubÄek came to power, and running until August 20 of that year when the... DÃ©tente is a French term, meaning a relaxing or easing; the term has been used in international politics since the early 1970s. ... Combatants Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Soviet Union Commanders Mao Tse-Tung Leonid Brezhnev Strength 814,000 658,000 Casualties 800 killed, 620 wounded, 1 lost [1] 58 killed, 94 wounded [2] The Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 was a series of armed clashes between the Soviet Union and...

1970s

• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
• Cambodian Civil War
• Ping Pong Diplomacy
• Four Power Agreement on Berlin
• 1972 Nixon Visit to China
• Overthrow of Allende
• Yom Kippur War
• SALT I
• Angolan Civil War
• Mozambican Civil War
• Ogaden War
• Third Indochina War
• SALT II
• Iranian Revolution
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Opened for signature July 1, 1968 in New York Entered into force March 5, 1970 Conditions for entry into force Ratification by the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and 40 other signatory states. ... Combatants Khmer Republic, United States, Republic of Vietnam Khmer Rouge, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF) Strength ~250,000 FANK troops ~100,000 (60,000) Khmer Rouge Casualties ~600,000 dead, 1,000,000+ wounded[1] The Cambodian Civil War was a conflict that pitted... Three-Time World Mens Singles Champion Zhuang Zedong (left) and U.S. team member Glenn Cowan (right) on the Chinese team bus in Nagoya, Japan, 1971. ... The Four Power Agreement on Berlin[1] was signed on 3 September 1971 by the foreign ministers of the four powers, United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, France, and the United States. ... Richard Nixon met with Mao Zedong in 1972. ... Prisoners outside the La Moneda Palace after their surrender during the coup (1973). ... Combatants Israel Aided by USA Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq Aided By Saudi Arabia Pakistan Cuba Uganda Libya, Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni... The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of armament control. ... Combatants MPLA SWAPO Republic of Cuba U.S.S.R. UNITA Republic of South Africa Republic of Zaire U.S.A. Commanders JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Savimbi Casualties Civilians killed = hundreds of thousands The Angolan Civil War was a conflict that devastated newly-independent Angola following the end of... The Mozambican Civil War started in Mozambique during the 1970s following independence in 1975. ... Combatants Ethiopia Cuba South Yemen Somalia WSLF Commanders Mengistu Haile Mariam Vasily Petrov[1][2] Siad Barre Strength 217,000 Ethiopians 1,500 Soviet advisors 15,000 Cubans 2,000 South Yemenis SNA 60,000 WSLF 15,000 Casualties Unknown 20,000 killed or wounded 1/2 of the Air... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of armament control. ... 1980 Iranian stamp commemorating the Islamic Revolution Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ...

1980s

• Soviet-Afghan War
• Central American Crisis
• Able Archer 83
• Polish Solidarity Movement
Combatants Soviet Union Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Afghan and foreign Mujahideen rebels supported by nations such as: United States, Peoples Republic of China, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran Commanders Soviet forces only Boris Gromov Pavel Grachev Valentin Varennikov Abdul Haq Jalaluddin Haqqani Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Mohammed Khalis Ismail Khan Ahmed Shah... Beginning in the late 1970s, major civil wars erupted in the Central American region, and became one of the major foreign policy crises of the 1980s. ... Able Archer 83 was a ten-day NATO exercise starting on November 2, 1983 that spanned the continent of Europe and simulated a coordinated nuclear release. ... Solidarity (Polish: ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union Solidarity â€” NiezaleÅ¼ny SamorzÄ…dny ZwiÄ…zek Zawodowy SolidarnoÅ›Ä‡) is a Polish trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyards, and originally led by Lech WaÅ‚Ä™sa. ...

• Invasion of Grenada
• Fall of the Berlin Wall
• Revolutions of 1989
Combatants United States Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Dominica Jamaica Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada Cuba Strength 7,300 Grenada: 1,500 regulars Cuba: 600 (mostly engineers)[1] Casualties 19 killed; 116 wounded[2] Grenada: 45 military and at least 24 civilian deaths; 358 wounded. ... East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, 20 November 1961. ... The Eastern Bloc prior to the political upheavals of 1989. ...

1990s

• Dissolution of the USSR
This is a history of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. ...

See also

• Bricker Amendment
• Glasnost
• Iron Curtain
• McCarthyism
• Operation Condor
• Operation Gladio
• Perestroika
• Soviet espionage in US
Senator John W. Bricker, the sponsor of the proposed constitutional amendment to limit the treaty power of the United States government. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Warsaw Pact countries to the east of the Iron Curtain are shaded red; NATO members to the west of it â€” blue. ... A 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical Guild Educational Society warning of the dangers of a Communist takeover. ... For other uses of Operation Condor, please see Operation Condor (disambiguation) Participating countries of the Operation Condor; in pink those with partial participation (i. ... Emblem of Gladio, Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind paramilitary organizations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... // Browder, Golos and Peters By the mid to late 1920s, there were three elements of Soviet power operating in the United States, despite the absence of formal diplomatic relations, the Comintern, military intelligence or GRU, and the forerunner of the KGB, the GPU. The Comintern was the dominant arm, though...

Establishments

• CIA
• Comecon
• European Community
• KGB
• Stasi
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States government. ... A Soviet poster reading COMECON: Unity of Goals, Unity of Action The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA), 1949 â€“ 1991, was an economic organization of communist states and a kind of Eastern Bloc equivalent toâ€”but more inclusive thanâ€”the European Economic Community. ... The European Community (EC), most important of two European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... Note: This article is about the KGB of the USSR. KGB is also the official title of the Belarusian intelligence services. ...

Ideologies

• Capitalism
• Communism
• Maoism
It has been suggested that Definitions of capitalism be merged into this article or section. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Races

• Arms race
• Nuclear arms race
• Space Race
The term arms race in its original usage describes a competition between two or more parties for military supremacy. ... U.S. and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945-2006. ... For a list of key events, see Timeline of space exploration. ...

Foreign policy

• Brezhnev Doctrine
• Ulbricht Doctrine
• Carter Doctrine
• Containment
• Domino Theory
• Eisenhower Doctrine
• Johnson Doctrine
• Kennedy Doctrine
• Nixon Doctrine
• Ostpolitik
• Peaceful coexistence
• Reagan Doctrine
• Rollback
• Truman Doctrine
The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet policy doctrine, introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated: When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it... The Ulbricht Doctrine, named after East German leader Walter Ulbricht, was the assertion that normal diplomatic relations between East Germany and West Germany could only occur if both states fully recognised each others sovereignty. ... The Carter Doctrine was proclaimed by President Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on 23 January 1980. ... Containment refers to the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War in which it was to stop what it called the domino effect of nations moving politically towards Soviet Union-based communism, rather than European-American-based democracy. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Eisenhower Doctrine, given in a message to Congress on January 5, 1957 stated the United States would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the United States. ... The Johnson Doctrine, enunciated by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. ... The Kennedy Doctrine refers to foreign policy initiatives of the 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, towards Latin America during his term in office between 1961 and 1963. ... The Nixon Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by Richard Nixon. ... Ostpolitik or Eastern Politics describes the realisation of the Change through Rapprochement principle, verbalised by Egon Bahr in 1963, by the effort of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, to normalize relations with Eastern European nations including East Germany. ... Peaceful coexistence was a theory developed during the Cold War among Communist states that they could peacefully coexist with capitalist states. ... The Reagan Doctrine was an important Cold War strategy by the United States to oppose the influence of the Soviet Union by backing anti-communist guerrillas against the communist governments of Soviet-backed client states. ... Rollback was a term used by American foreign policy thinkers during the Cold War. ... Truman delivering the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947. ...

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