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Encyclopedia > Steven Chu
Steven Chu
朱棣文

Steven Chu
Born 1948
St. Louis, Missouri.
Citizenship U.S.
Field Physics
Notable prizes Nobel Prize in Physics (1997)

Steven Chu (Chinese: 朱棣文; pinyin: Zhū Dìwén), born 1948 in St. Louis, Missouri,[1] is an American experimental physicist. He is known for his research in laser cooling and trapping of atoms, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997.[1] His current research is concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level. He is currently Professor of Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology of University of California, Berkeley and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. As global warming warnings grow more dire, Chu is currently pushing his scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and industry to develop technologies to reverse climate change. Chief in Chu's campaign is an unprecedented research pact reached between UC Berkeley, oil industry giant BP, the Lawrence Berkeley lab and the University of Illinois . Chu's role in promoting the clout of the closely aligned research programs at the lab and UC Berkeley helped convince BP to pick the campus for its $500 million biofuels institute. Image File history File links Dr. Steven Chu giving a seminar at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. ... The Gateway Arch, shown here behind the Old Courthouse, is the most recognizable part of the St. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area  Ranked 21st  - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²)  - Width 240 miles (385 km)  - Length 300 miles (480 km)  - % water 1. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Image File history File links Nobel_prize_medal. ... Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area  - City  66. ... Experimental physics is the part of physics that deals with experiments and observations pertaining to natural/physical phenomena, as opposed to theoretical physics. ... Laser cooling is a technique that uses light to cool atoms to a very low temperature. ... For other uses, see Atom (disambiguation). ... Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... A single-molecule experiment investigates the properties of a single individual molecule that can be isolated or distinguished for the purpose of an experiment or analysis. ... Molecular and Cellular Biology is an academic journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ... Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. ...


Nearly $400 million in new lab space will expand energy-related molecular work centered at Lawrence Berkeley that involves a cast of partners around the world. And a $160 million Energy Biosciences Institute to be built in three years and funded by BP will include Chu's separate solar energy program. The expansion will put the Lawrence Berkeley labs and UC Berkeley at the center of the world's push for alternative fuels.

Contents

Education and career

Steven Chu received his bachelor’s degree in 1970 from the University of Rochester, and his doctorate degree from University of California, Berkeley in 1976.[1] He remained at Berkeley as a Postdoc for two years before joining Bell Labs where he and his several co-workers carried out his Nobel-winning laser cooling work.[1] None of his co-workers, however, were recognized with the Nobel Prize. He left Bell Labs and became a professor of Physics in Stanford University in 1987.[1] Steven Chu has served as the chair of the Physics Department in Stanford University from 1990-1993 and 1999-2001. He was appointed as the director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2004. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The University of Rochester (UR) is a private, coeducational and nonsectarian research university located in Rochester, New York. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) was the main research and development arm of the United States Bell System. ... Laser cooling is a technique that uses light to cool atoms to a very low temperature. ... Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) was the main research and development arm of the United States Bell System. ... “Stanford” redirects here. ... “Stanford” redirects here. ... The Berkeley Lab is perched on a hill overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay. ...


Chu, with three other professors, was involved with the Bio-X program in Stanford that is intended to bring together scientists from physics, chemistry, biology and engineering background under one roof, the James H. Clark Center. He also played an important role for the funding of Kavli Institute at Stanford. Stanford University Bio-X Initiative is part of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and Menlo Park. ... Stanford may refer: Stanford University Places: Stanford, Kentucky Stanford, California, home of Stanford University Stanford Shopping Center Stanford, New York, town in Dutchess County. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, life; and λόγος, logos, knowledge), also referred to as the biological sciences, is the study of living organisms utilizing the scientific method. ... The James H. Clark Center (also abbreviated to the Clark Center) at Stanford University is a building, completed in 2003, that houses interdisciplinary research in the biological sciences. ...


Research

Steven Chu’s early research focused on atomic physics by developing methods to cool and trap atoms using lasers. He expanded his research area to polymer physics and biophysics while he was at Stanford. His current research focuses on the study of biological molecules and systems at single molecular level. Many Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows from his group have become professors at research universities around the world. Atomic physics (or atom physics) is the field of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems comprised of electrons and an atomic nucleus. ... Laser cooling is a technique that uses light to cool atoms to a very low temperature. ... For alternative meanings see laser (disambiguation). ... Polymer physics is the field of physics associated to the study of polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerisation of polymers and monomers respectively. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics, to questions of biology. ... Stanford may refer: Stanford University Places: Stanford, Kentucky Stanford, California, home of Stanford University Stanford Shopping Center Stanford, New York, town in Dutchess County. ... A single-molecule experiment investigates the properties of a single individual molecule that can be isolated or distinguished for the purpose of an experiment or analysis. ...


Honors and awards

Steven Chu is a co-winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997 “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light”, shared with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Academia Sinica. He is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Korean Academy of Sciences and Technology. Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Laser cooling is a technique that uses light to cool atoms to a very low temperature. ... Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (born April 1, 1933) is a French physicist working at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France, where he has also studied physics. ... Photograph of William Daniel Phillips William Daniel Phillips (born November 5, 1948 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) is an American physicist. ... President Harding and the National Academy of Sciences at the White House, Washington, DC, April 1921 The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine. ... The House of the Academy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... The Academia Sinica (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), headquartered in the Nan-kang district () of Taipei, is the national academy for Taiwan. ... The Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese: 中国科学院; pinyin: Zhōngguó KÄ“xuéyuàn), formerly known as Academia Sinica (not to be confused with Taiwans Academia Sinica currently headquartered in Taipei which shares the same root), is the national academy for the natural sciences of the Peoples Republic of...


Personal life

Besides his scientific career, he also developed serious interest in various sports, including baseball, swimming, and cycling. He is currently married to Jean Chu, an Oxford-trained physicist who was previously married to Alexander Fetter, another Stanford physicist. Jean and Steven married shortly after Steven Chu received the Nobel Prize. An interesting sidenote is that Alexander Fetter had in fact lobbied hard for Steven Chu to be hired at Stanford, and was somewhat dismayed when his wife abruptly divorced him to marry his more prestigious colleague. This article is about the sport. ... This article concentrates on human swimming. ... Police officer on a bicycle Cycling is a means of transport, a form of recreation, and a sport. ... Alexander L. Fetter is an American physicist and just turned Professor Emeritus of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University in California. ...


Chu was the keynote speaker for Boston University's 134th commencement ceremony which took place on May 20, 2007. For similarly-named academic institutions, see Boston (disambiguation). ...


Chu's younger brother, Morgan Chu, is the former Co-Managing Partner at Irell & Manella LLP, a law firm. Morgan Chu is an influential Asian-American lawyer from southern California. ... Irell & Manella LLP was founded in 1941 and has grown to 220 lawyers. ...


His older brother Gilbert Chu is a professor and researcher of Biochemistry and Medicine at Stanford University. This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ... “Stanford” redirects here. ...


References

  1. ^ a b c d e [1998] "Steven Chu Autobiography", in Tore Frängsmyr: The Nobel Prizes 1997, Les Prix Nobel. Stockholm: The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-06-25. 
  • http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/chu-autobio.html
  • Chu S, Hollberg L, Bjorkholm JE, Cable A, Ashkin A. Three-dimensional viscous confinement and cooling of atoms by resonance radiation pressure. Phys Rev Lett. 1985;55(1):48-51
  • Chu S, Bjorkholm JE, Ashkin A, Cable A. Experimental observation of optically trapped atoms. Phys Rev Lett. 1986;57(3):314-317.
  • Perkins TT, Quake SR, Smith DE, Chu S. Relaxation of a single DNA molecule observed by optical microscopy. Science. 1994;264(5160):822-6.
  • Quake SR, Babcock H, Chu S. The dynamics of partially extended single molecules of DNA. Nature. 1997;388(6638):151-4.
  • Ha T, Rasnik I, Cheng W, Babcock HP, Gauss GH, Lohman TM, Chu S. Initiation and re-initiation of DNA unwinding by the Escherichia coli Rep helicase. Nature. 2002;419(6907):638-41.
  • Zhuang X, Kim H, Pereira MJ, Babcock HP, Walter NG, Chu S. Correlating structural dynamics and function in single ribozyme molecules. Science. 2002;296(5572):1473-6.
  • Blanchard SC, Kim HD, Gonzalez RL Jr, Puglisi JD, Chu S. tRNA dynamics on the ribosome during translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(35):12893-8.
  • Uemura S, Dorywalska M, Lee TH, Kim HD, Puglisi JD, Chu S.Peptide bond formation destabilizes Shine-Dalgarno interaction on the ribosome. Nature. 2007;446(7134):454-7.

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Steven Chu: ZoomInfo Business People Information (1371 words)
Steven Chu, Ph.D. Dr. Chu became the Director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a research laboratory of the Department of Energy managed by the University of California on August 1, 2004.
Chu serves on the Board of Trustees of the University of Rochester and on the Board of Directors of The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
Chu holds an A.B. degree in Mathematics and a B.S. degree in Physics from the University of Rochester and a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of California at Berkeley.
Steven Chu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (352 words)
Chu is a graduate of Garden City High School and the University of Rochester.
Chu is married to Jean Chu (4th wife, formerly Jean Fetter when married to another Stanford physics professor - Alexander Fetter), an Oxford-trained physicist and former physics professor at San Jose State University in CA, as well as Stanford dean of admissions.
Steven Chu's older brother is Gilbert Chu, Professor of Biochemistry and Medicine at Stanford University, and his younger brother is influential lawyer Morgan Chu of southern California.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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