NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (Tamil: சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்) (October 19, 1910, Lahore, British India, now Pakistan, – August 21, 1995, Chicago, Illinois, United States) was an American astrophysicist born of Tamil heritage in Lahore^[1]. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with William Alfred Fowler) for his theoretical work on the structure and evolution of stars. Image File history File links Example. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ... Image File history File links Chandrasekhar. ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Lahore (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town, City of the Big Shoulders, The 312, The City that Works Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 390 miles (629 km) - % water 4. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Motto: Satyameva Jayate(Sanskrit) à¤¸à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¤®à¥‡à¤µ à¤œà¤¯à¤¤à¥‡ (DevanÄgarÄ«) Truth Alone Triumphs Anthem: Jana Mana Capital New Delhi Largest city Mumbai (Bombay) Official languages Hindi, English + 21 other official languages Government Federal republic - President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Independence from the UK - Declared 15 August 1947 - Republic 26... ... The University of Cambridge (usually abbreviated as Cantab. ... The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ... Presidency College is in Chennai, India and is considered to be the precursor of the University of Madras. ... The University of Cambridge (usually abbreviated as Cantab. ... Ralph Howard Fowler (January 17, 1889 – July 28, 1944) was a British physicist and astronomer. ... Zhen-Ning Franklin Yang (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (born 22 September[1], 1922) is a Chinese American physicist who worked on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. ... Image File history File links Nobel. ... U.S. government photo Tsung-Dao Lee (李政道 Pinyin: Lǐ Zhèngdào) (born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese American physicist who did work on high energy particle physics, symmetry principles, and statistical mechanics. ... Image File history File links Nobel. ... Donald Edward Osterbrock (born July 13, 1924) is an American astronomer. ... The Chandrasekhar limit, is the maximum mass possible for a white dwarf (one of the end stages of stars when they cool down) and is approximately 3 Ã— 1030 kg, around 1. ... Image File history File links Nobel. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Jayant Jambulingam Chandrasekhar (born April 9, 1968 in Chicago, Illinois) is an actor, comedian, writer, and film director with the comedy team Broken Lizard. ... Chandra Shekhar Singh (born 1 July 1927) was the eighth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ... Tamil (Thamizh) is a classical language of the Dravidian language family. ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Lahore (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: The Windy City, The Second City, Chi Town, City of the Big Shoulders, The 312, The City that Works Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in Chicagoland and Illinois Coordinates: Country United States State Illinois County Cook & DuPage Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government... Official language(s) English Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 390 miles (629 km) - % water 4. ... An astrophysicist is a person whose profession is astrophysics. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are an ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ... Lahore (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... There is another William Fowler who was a Scottish poet and uncle of William Drummond of Hawthornden William Alfred Willie Fowler (August 9, 1911 â€“ March 14, 1995) was an American astrophysicist. ...

Chandrasekhar served on the University of Chicago faculty from 1937 until his death in 1995 at the age of 84. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1953. The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Naturalization is the process whereby a person becomes a national of a nation, or a citizen of a country, other than the one of his birth. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Early life and Education

Chandrasekhar was the third of ten children born to Sita Ayyar (née Balakrishnan) and Chandrasekhara Subrahmanya Ayyar, a senior officer in the British Indian Audits and Accounts Department, who was posted in Lahore as the Deputy Auditor General of the Northwestern Railways. Chandrasekhar's mother was devoted to intellectual pursuits and had translated Henrik Ibsen's A Doll House into Tamil. His father was an accomplished Carnatic music violinist who had authored several books on musicology. Chandrasekhar was the nephew of Nobel-prize winning physicist C. V. Raman. Lahore (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... Tamil (à®¤à®®à®¿à®´à¯ ) is a classical language and one of the major languages belonging to the Dravidian language family. ... Carnatic music, also known as or Karnataka Shasthreeya Sangeetha is one of the two styles of Indian classical music, the other being Hindustani music. ... Musicology is reasoned discourse concerning music (Greek: Î¼Î¿Ï…ÏƒÎ¹ÎºÎ· = music and Î»Î¿Î³Î¿Ï‚ = word or reason). In other words: the whole body of systematized knowledge about music which results from the application of a scientific method of investigation or research, or of philosophical speculation and rational systematization to the facts, the processes and the... Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, CBE (Tamil: à®šà®¨à¯à®¤à®¿à®°à®šà¯‡à®•à®° à®µà¯†à®™à¯à®•à®Ÿà®°à®¾à®®à®©à¯) (November 7, 1888 â€“ November 21, 1970) was an Indian physicist, who was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect, which is named after him. ...

Chandrasekhar attended the Hindu High School, Triplicane, Madras, during the years 1922-25. Subsequently, he studied at Presidency College from 1925 to 1930, obtaining his bachelor's degree, B.Sc. (Hon.), in physics in June 1930. In July 1930, Chandrasekhar was awarded a Government of India scholarship to pursue graduate studies at the University of Cambridge, where he became a research student of Professor R. H. Fowler, and was admitted to Trinity College. On the advice of Prof. P. A. M. Dirac, Chandrasekhar spent a year at the Institut for Teoretisk Fysik in Copenhagen, where he met Prof. Niels Bohr. Triplicane, situated about 1/2 a km away from the sea coast (of Bay of Bengal) and the Fort St George, is currently one of the oldest central business districts of Chennai, South India. ... â€œMadrasâ€ redirects here. ... Presidency College is in Chennai, India and is considered to be the precursor of the University of Madras. ... The University of Cambridge (usually abbreviated as Cantab. ... Ralph Howard Fowler (January 17, 1889 – July 28, 1944) was a British physicist and astronomer. ... Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kingâ€™s Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, (August 8, 1902 - October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... Niels (Henrik David) Bohr (October 7, 1885 â€“ November 18, 1962) was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1922. ...

In the summer of 1933, Chandrasekhar was awarded his Ph.D. degree at Cambridge, and the following October, he was elected to a Prize Fellowship at Trinity College for the period 1933-37. During this time, he formed friendships with Sir Arthur Eddington and Professor E. A. Milne. One of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddingtons papers announced Einsteins theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. ... Edward Arthur Milne (February 14, 1896 â€“ September 21, 1950) was a British mathematician and astrophysicist. ...

In September 1936, Chandrasekhar married Lalitha Doraiswamy, who he had met as a fellow student at Presidency College, Madras, and who was a year junior to him. In his Nobel autobiography, Chandrasekhar wrote, "Lalitha's patient understanding, support, and encouragement have been the central facts of my life."

Career

The following year (January 1937), Chandrasekhar was recruited to the University of Chicago faculty as Assistant Professor by Dr. Otto Struve and President Robert Maynard Hutchins. He was to remain at the university for his entire career, becoming Morton D. Hull Distinguished Service Professor of Theoretical Astrophysics in 1952 and attaining emeritus status in 1985. The University of Chicago is a private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. ... Otto Struve (August 12, 1897 - April 6, 1963) was a Russian-American astronomer. ... Robert Maynard Hutchins (January 17, 1899, Brooklyn, New York - May 17, 1977, Santa Barbara, California) was a philosopher. ...

During World War II, Chandrasekhar worked at the Ballistic Research Laboratories at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. While there, he worked on problems of ballastics; for example, two reports from 1943 were titled, On the decay of plane shock waves and The normal reflection of a blast wave.^[2]

Chandrasekhar developed a style of working continuously in one specific area of astrophysics for a number of years; consequently, his working life can be divided into distinct periods. He studied stellar structure, including the theory of white dwarfs, during the years 1929 to 1939, and subsequently focused on stellar dynamics from 1939 to 1943. Next, he concentrated on the theory of radiative transfer and the quantum theory of the negative ion of hydrogen from 1943 to 1950. This was followed by sustained work on hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability from 1950 to 1961. In the 1960s, he studied the equilibrium and the stability of ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium, but also general relativity. During the period, 1971 to 1983 he studied the mathematical theory of black holes, and, finally, during the late 80s, he worked on the theory of colliding gravitational waves.^[2]

During the years 1990 to 1995, Chandrasekhar worked on a project which was devoted to explaining the detailed geometric arguments in Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica using the language and methods of ordinary calculus. The effort resulted in the book Newton's Principia for the Common Reader, published in 1995. Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 â€“ 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 â€“ 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... Newtons own copy of his Principia, with handwritten corrections for the second edition. ...

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar died of heart failure in Chicago in 1995, and was survived by his wife, Lalitha Chandrasekhar. In the Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society of London, R. J. Tayler wrote: "Chandrasekhar was a classical applied mathematician whose research was primarily applied in astronomy and whose like will probably never be seen again."^[3]

Nobel prize

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his studies on the physical processes important to the structure and evolution of stars, though he was upset that the citation mentioned only his earliest work, seeing this as a denigration of a lifetime's achievement. It is not certain if the Nobel selection committee was at least remotely influenced in formulating this citation by the early criticisms of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, another distinguished astrophysicist of his time and a senior to him. His lifetime's achievement may be glimpsed in the footnotes to his Nobel lecture. The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: ) are awards in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The simplest commonly used model of stellar structure is the spherically symmetric quasi-static model, which assumes that a star is very close to an equilibrium state, and that it is spherically symmetric. ... In astronomy, stellar evolution is the sequence of radical changes that a star undergoes during its lifetime (the time in which it emits light and heat). ... One of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddingtons papers announced Einsteins theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. ...

Legacy

Chandrasekhar's most famous success was the astrophysical Chandrasekhar limit. The limit describes the maximum mass (~1.44 solar masses) of a white dwarf star, or equivalently, the minimum mass for which a star will ultimately collapse into a neutron star or black hole (following a supernova). The limit was first calculated by Chandrasekhar while on a ship from India to Cambridge, England, where he was to study under the eminent astrophysicist, Sir Ralph Howard Fowler. When Chandrasekhar first proposed his ideas, he was opposed by the British physicist Arthur Eddington, and this may have played a part in his decision to move to the University of Chicago in the United States. Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ... The Chandrasekhar limit, is the maximum mass possible for a white dwarf (one of the end stages of stars when they cool down) and is approximately 3 Ã— 1030 kg, around 1. ... In astronomy, the solar mass is a unit of mass used to express the mass of stars and larger objects such as galaxies. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A neutron star is one of the few possible endpoints of stellar evolution. ... For other senses of this word, see black hole (disambiguation). ... Multiwavelength X-ray image of the remnant of Keplers Supernova, SN 1604. ... This article is about Cambridge, England; see also other places called Cambridge. ... Ralph Howard Fowler (January 17, 1889 – July 28, 1944) was a British physicist and astronomer. ... One of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddingtons papers announced Einsteins theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. ...

In 1999, NASA named the third of its four "Great Observatories'" after Chandrasekhar. This followed a naming contest which attracted 6,000 entries from fifty states and sixty-one countries. The Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched and deployed by Space Shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999. The name Chandrasekhar is one of appellations of Shiva meaning "holder of the moon" in Sanskrit and is a common Tamil name. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States Government, responsible for that nations public space program. ... For other uses, see Chandra (disambiguation). ... Space Shuttle Columbia (NASA Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first spaceworthy space shuttle in NASAs orbital fleet (Enterprise preceded Columbia, but Enterprise was a non-spaceworthy test article intended for later conversion to a flightworthy vehicle). ... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... â€œNilakanthaâ€ redirects here. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is an old Indo-Aryan language from the Indian Subcontinent, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India[1], a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...

The Chandrasekhar number, an important dimensionless number of magnetohydrodynamics, is named after him. The Chandrasekhar number is a dimensionless quantity used in magnetoconvection to represent ratio of the Lorentz force to the viscous force. ... In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless number (or more precisely, a number with the dimensions of 1) is a pure number without any physical units. ... Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (magnetofluiddynamics or hydromagnetics) is the academic discipline which studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids. ...

The asteroid 1958 Chandra is also named after Chandrasekhar. 253 Mathilde, a C-type asteroid. ... An asteroid named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ...

In 2006, the legendary Detroit electronic music pioneer Gerald Donald, under his Arpanet alias, released a song called "Chandrasekhars Limit". It is on the Inertial Frame LP.

Chandrasekhar was also mentioned in the Deepavali episode of The Office (US TV series) as one of the "billions of people just like Kelly Kapoor." Diwali taking place in a rural area Dīpãvali (also transliterated Deepavali; Sanskrit: row of lights) or Diwãli (contracted spelling) is the Hindu festival of lights, held on the final day of the Vikram calendar, one type of a Hindu calendar that is followed by North Indians. ... The Office is an Emmy Award-winning American television comedy that debuted on NBC as a midseason replacement on March 24, 2005. ... Kelly Kapoor is a fictional character from the US television series, The Office. ...

Awards

The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... The Catherine Wolfe Bruce gold medal is awarded every year by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for outstanding lifetime contributions to astronomy. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Gold Medal awarded to Asaph Hall The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... National Medal of Science The National Medal of Science, also called the Presidential Medal of Science, is an honor given by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908–January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... The Henry Draper Medal was established by the widow of Henry Draper, and is awarded by the US National Academy of Sciences for contributions to astrophysics. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes

References

External links

Nobel Prize in Physics: Laureates

v • d • e

1901: Röntgen 02: Lorentz, Zeeman 03: Becquerel, P.Curie, M.Curie 04: Rayleigh 05: Lenard 06: Thomson 07: Michelson 08: Lippmann 09: Marconi, Braun 10: van der Waals 11: Wien 12: Dalén 13: Kamerlingh Onnes 14: von Laue 15: W.L.Bragg, W.H.Bragg 17: Barkla 18: Planck 19: Stark 20: Guillaume 21: Einstein 22: N.Bohr 23: Millikan 24: Siegbahn 25: Franck, Hertz 26: Perrin 27: Compton, Wilson 28: Richardson 29: de Broglie 30: Raman 32: Heisenberg 33: Schrödinger, Dirac 35: Chadwick 36: Hess, Anderson 37: Davisson, Thomson 38: Fermi 39: Lawrence 43: Stern 44: Rabi 45: Pauli 46: Bridgman 47: Appleton 48: Blackett 49: Yukawa 50: Powell 51: Cockcroft, Walton 52: Bloch, Purcell 53: Zernike 54: Born, Bothe 55: Lamb, Kusch 56: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain 57: Yang, T.D.Lee 58: Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm 59: Segrè, Chamberlain 60: Glaser 61: Hofstadter, Mössbauer 62: Landau 63: Wigner, Goeppert‑Mayer, Jensen 64: Townes, Basov, Prokhorov 65: Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman 66: Kastler 67: Bethe 68: Alvarez 69: Gell‑Mann 70: Alfvén, Néel 71: Gabor 72: Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer 73: Esaki, Giaever, Josephson 74: Ryle, Hewish 75: A.Bohr, Mottelson, Rainwater 76: Richter, Ting 77: Anderson, Mott, van Vleck 78: Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson 79: Glashow, Salam, Weinberg 80: Cronin, Fitch 81: Bloembergen, Schawlow, Siegbahn 82: Wilson 83: Chandrasekhar, Fowler 84: Carlo Rubbia, van der Meer 85: von Klitzing 86: Ruska, Binnig, Rohrer 87: Bednorz, Müller 88: Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger 89: Ramsey, Dehmelt, Paul 90: Friedman, Kendall, Taylor 91: de Gennes 92: Charpak 93: Hulse, Taylor 94: Brockhouse, Shull 95: Perl, Reines 96: D.Lee, Osheroff, Richardson 97: Chu, Cohen‑Tannoudji, Phillips 98: Laughlin, Störmer, Tsui 99: 't Hooft, Veltman 2000: Alferov, Kroemer, Kilby 01: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman 02: Davis, Koshiba, Giacconi 03: Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett 04: Gross, Politzer, Wilczek 05: Glauber, Hall, Hänsch 06: Mather, Smoot Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo-en. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908â€“1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Wilhelm Conrad RÃ¶ntgen (in English: William Conrad Roentgen) (March 27, 1845 â€“ February 10, 1923) was a German physicist, of the University of WÃ¼rzburg, who, on November 8, 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as x-rays or RÃ¶ntgen Rays, an achievement... Painting of Hendrik Lorentz by Arnhemensis Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem â€“ February 4, 1928, Haarlem) was a Dutch physicist and the winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on electromagnetic radiation. ... Pieter Zeeman (May 25, 1865 â€“ October 9, 1943) (pronounced zÄmÃ¤n) was a physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect. ... Antoine Henri Becquerel (December 15, 1852 â€“ August 25, 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and one of the discoverers of radioactivity. ... // Pierre Curie (Paris, France, May 15, 1859 â€“ April 19, 1906, Paris) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. ... Maria SkÅ‚odowska-Curie (born Maria SkÅ‚odowska; known in France where she lived for most of her life as Marie Curie, aka Madame Curie; Warsaw, November 7, 1867 â€“ July 4, 1934, Sancellemoz, France) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist. ... John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (12 November 1842 â€“ 30 June 1919) was an English physicist who (with William Ramsay) discovered the element argon, an achievement that earned him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. ... Philipp Eduard Anton von LÃ©nÃ¡rd, (June 7, 1862 in PreÃŸburg, Austria-Hungary (today Bratislava, Slovakia)â€“May 20, 1947 in Messelhausen, Germany) was a Hungarian-German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of... Sir Joseph John Thomson, OM, FRS (18 December 1856 â€“ 30 August 1940) often known as J. J. Thomson, was a British scientist. ... Albert Abraham Michelson. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Guglielmo Marchese Marconi, GCVO (25 April 1874-20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, best known for his development of a practical radiotelegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide. ... Ferdinand Braun Karl Ferdinand Braun (June 6, 1850â€“April 20, 1918) was a German physicist. ... van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (November 23, 1837 â€“ March 8, 1923) was a Dutch scientist famous for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids, for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1910. ... Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (January 13, 1864 â€“ August 30, 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to compose Wiens displacement law, which relates the maximum emission of a blackbody to its temperature. ... Nils Gustaf DalÃ©n (November 30, 1869 â€“ December 9, 1937) was a Swedish inventor and industrialist, the founder of AGA, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1912 for his work on automatic gas regulator controlled buoys. ... Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 â€“ February 21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist. ... Max von Laue (October 9, 1879 - April 24, 1960) was a German physicist, who studied under Max Planck. ... Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH, FRS, (31 March 1890 â€“ 1 July 1971) was an Australian physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 with his father Sir William Henry Bragg. ... Sir William Henry Bragg OM, Cantab, OKW (Westward, Cumbria, England July 2, 1862 â€“ March 10, 1942) was an English physicist and chemist, educated at King Williams College, Isle of Man, and Trinity College, Cambridge. ... Charles Glover Barkla (June 7, 1877 â€“ October 23, 1944) was a British physicist. ... Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 â€“ October 4, 1947) was a German physicist. ... Johannes Stark (April 15, 1874 â€“ June 21, 1957) was a prominent 20th century physicist, and a Physics Nobel Prize laureate. ... Charles Ã‰douard Guillaume (February 15, 1861, Fleurier â€“ June 13, 1938, SÃ¨vres), was a French-Swiss Physicist that received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. ... Note: Albert Einstein is also the birth name of Albert Brooks. ... Niels (Henrik David) Bohr (October 7, 1885 â€“ November 18, 1962) was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1922. ... Robert Millikan. ... Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn (December 3, 1886 - September 26, 1978) was a Swedish physicist, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy. ... James Franck (August 26, 1882 - May 21, 1964) was a German-born physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Gustav Ludwig Hertz (July 22, 1887, Hamburg â€“ October 30, 1975, Berlin) was a German physicist, and a nephew of Heinrich Rudolf Hertz. ... Jean Baptiste Perrin (b. ... Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 â€“ March 15, 1962) won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1927) for discovery of the Compton effect named in his honor. ... Charles Thomson Rees Wilson CH (February 14, 1869 â€“ November 15, 1959) was a Scottish physicist. ... Sir Owen Willans Richardson (April 26, 1879 - February 15, 1959) was a British physicist, and was a professor at Princeton University from 1906 to 1913. ... Louis de Broglie Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie, generally known as Louis de Broglie (August 15, 1892â€“March 19, 1987), was a French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. ... Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, CBE (Tamil: à®šà®¨à¯à®¤à®¿à®°à®šà¯‡à®•à®° à®µà¯†à®™à¯à®•à®Ÿà®°à®¾à®®à®©à¯) (7 November 1888 â€“ 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist, who was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect, which is named after him. ... Werner Karl Heisenberg (December 5, 1901 â€“ February 1, 1976) was a celebrated German physicist and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and acknowledged to be one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. ... Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander SchrÃ¶dinger (August 12, 1887 â€“ January 4, 1961) was an Austrian physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the SchrÃ¶dinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933. ... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM, FRS (IPA: [dÉªrÃ¦k]) (August 8, 1902 â€“ October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ... Sir James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick (20 October 1891 â€“ 24 July 1974) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Victor Francis Hess (June 24, 1883 â€“ December 17, 1964) was an Austrian-American physicist. ... Carl Anderson at LBNL 1937 Carl David Anderson (3 September 1905 â€“ 11 January 1991) was a U.S. experimental physicist. ... Clinton Joseph Davisson (22 October 1881–1 February 1958), was an American physicist. ... Joe has no friends what-so-ever Sir George Paget Thomson FRS (May 3, 1892 â€“ September 10, 1975) was a Nobel-Prize-winning, English physicist who discovered the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction. ... Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 â€“ November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics. ... Ernest O. Lawrence Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 â€“ August 27, 1958) was an American physicist and Nobel Laureate best known for his invention, utilization, and improvement of the cyclotron beginning in 1929, and his later work in uranium-isotope separation in the Manhattan Project. ... Otto Stern Otto Stern (February 17, 1888 â€“ August 17, 1969) was an German physicist and Nobel laureate. ... This article is about Austrian-Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli. ... Percy Williams Bridgman (April 21, 1882â€“August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. ... Sir Edward Victor Appleton (September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English physicist. ... The Right Honourable Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett, OM, CH, FRS (18 November 1897â€“13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism. ... Hideki Yukawa Hideki Yukawa FRSE (æ¹¯å· ç§€æ¨¹, January 23, 1907 - September 8, 1981) was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese to win the Nobel prize. ... Cecil Frank Powell (December 5, 1903 - August 9, 1969) was a British physicist, awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1950 for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson), a heavy subatomic particle. ... See also: John Cockroft (politician) Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (May 27, 1897 - September 18, 1967) was a British physicist. ... Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (October 6, 1903 â€“ June 25, 1995) was an Irish physicist, the winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize for Physics along with Sir John Douglas Cockcroft. ... Felix Bloch (October 23, 1905 â€“ September 10, 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the USA. // A stamp from Guyana commemorating Felix Bloch. ... Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 - March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids. ... Frederik Zernike (Amsterdam, July 16, 1888 â€“ March 10, 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the... Max Born (December 11, 1882 in Breslau â€“ January 5, 1970 in GÃ¶ttingen) was a mathematician and physicist. ... Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe (January 8, 1891 â€“ February 8, 1957) was a German physicist, mathematician, chemist, and Nobel Prize winner. ... Willis Eugene Lamb, Junior (b. ... Polykarp Kusch (January 26, 1911 - March 20, 1993) was a German-American physicist who, with Willis Eugene Lamb, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1955 for his accurate determination that the magnetic moment of the electron was greater than its theoretical value, thus leading to reconsideration of and... William Bradford Shockley (February 13, 1910 â€“ August 12, 1989) was a British-born American physicist and inventor. ... John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 â€“ January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. ... Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902 â€“ October 13, 1987) was a physicist at Bell Labs who, along with John Bardeen and William Shockley invented the transistor. ... Zhen-Ning Franklin Yang (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (born 22 September[1], 1922) is a Chinese American physicist who worked on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. ... U.S. government photo Tsung-Dao Lee (æŽæ”¿é“ Pinyin: LÇ ZhÃ¨ngdÃ o) (born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese American physicist who did work on high energy particle physics, symmetry principles, and statistical mechanics. ... Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (Russian Павел Алексеевич Черенков) (July 28, 1904 - January 6, 1990) was a Soviet physicist and Nobel Prize winner. ... Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (Russian: Ð˜Ð»ÑŒÑÌ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°ÌÐ¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¤Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ðº) (October 23, 1908 â€“ June 22, 1990) was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. ... Igor Tamm. ... Portrait of Dr. Emilio Segre Emilio Gino SegrÃ¨ (February 1, 1905 - April 22, 1989) was an Italian American physicist who, with Owen Chamberlain, won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of the antiproton. ... Owen Chamberlain Owen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 â€“ February 28, 2006) was a prominent American physicist. ... Donald Arthur Glaser (b. ... Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 - November 17, 1990) was the winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons. ... Rudolf Ludwig MÃ¶ÃŸbauer (born January 31, 1929) is a German physicist who studied gamma rays from nuclear transitions. ... Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian language: Ð›ÐµÌÐ² Ð”Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÌÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð›Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÌÑƒ) (January 22, 1908 â€“ April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist, who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. ... Eugene Paul Wigner (usually E. P. Wigner among physicists) (Hungarian Wigner PÃ¡l JenÅ‘) (November 17, 1902 â€“ January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian physicist and mathematician. ... Maria Goeppert Mayer: Physicist (Women in Science) ISBN 0791072479 Maria Goeppert-Mayer (June 28, 1906 â€“ February 20, 1972) was born Maria Goeppert in Katowice, Silesia (then in Germany, now part of Poland). ... Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (June 25, 1907 â€“ February 11, 1973) was a German physicist who shared half of the 1963 Nobel Prize for Physics with Maria Goeppert-Mayer for their proposal of the shell nuclear model. ... Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, American physicist and educator. ... Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov (Russian:ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ Ð“ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð²) (December 14, 1922 â€“ July 1, 2001) was a Soviet/Russian physicist and educator. ... Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov (Russian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ñ…Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²) (July 11, 1916 â€“ January 8, 2002) was a Soviet/Russian physicist born in Australia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 -- July 16, 1994) was an American theoretical physicist. ... Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 â€“ February 15, 1988; surname pronounced ) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and particle theory. ... Alfred Kastler (May 3, 1902 - January 7, 1984) is a French physicist, born in Guebwiller, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1966. ... Hans Albrecht Bethe (pronounced bay-tuh; July 2, 1906 â€“ March 6, 2005), was a German-American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967 for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. ... Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) of San Francisco, California, USA, was a famed physicist who worked at the University of California, Berkeley. ... Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929 in Manhattan, New York City, USA) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. ... Hannes AlfvÃ©n (1908-1995), winning the Nobel Prizing for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. Hannes Olof GÃ¶sta AlfvÃ©n (May 30, 1908; NorrkÃ¶ping, Sweden - April 2, 1995; Djursholm, Sweden) is known as a Swedish plasma physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1970 for his work developing... Louis EugÃ¨ne FÃ©lix NÃ©el (November 2, 1904 â€“ November 17, 2000), a French physicist born in Lyons, was corecipient (with the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes AlfvÃ©n) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his pioneering studies of the magnetic properties of solids. ... Dennis Gabor (GÃ¡bor DÃ©nes) (June 5, 1900, Budapest â€“ February 9, 1979, London) was a Hungarian physicist and inventor who is most notable for inventing holography. ... John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 â€“ January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. ... Leon N Cooper (born February 28, 1930) is an American physicist and winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, along with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, for his role in developing the BCS theory (named for their initials) of superconductivity, work he did in his 20s. ... John Robert Schrieffer (born May 31, 1931) is an American physicist and winner, with John Bardeen and Leon Neil Cooper, of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics for developing the BCS theory (for their initials), the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity. ... Leo Esaki (æ±Ÿå´Ž çŽ²æ–¼å¥ˆ; correct transcription Esaki Reona; also known as Esaki Leona) (born March 12, 1925) is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. ... Ivar Giaever (originally spelled GiÃ¦ver) (born April 5, 1929 in Bergen, Norway) is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian David Josephson for work in solid-state physics. ... Brian David Josephson (born Cardiff, Wales, UK, January 4, 1940) is a British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect as a 22-year-old graduate student won him the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics, which he shared with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever. ... Sir Martin Ryle (September 27, 1918 – October 14, 1984) was a British radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e. ... Antony Hewish (born Fowey, Cornwall, May 11, 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. ... Aage Niels Bohr Aage Niels Bohr (born in Copenhagen, Denmark on June 19, 1922) is the son of Margrethe and Niels Bohr. ... Ben Roy Mottelson (born July 9, 1926) is an American-Danish physicist. ... Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 - May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who won a share of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei. ... Burton Richter (Born March 22, 1931) is a Nobel Prize-winning American physicist. ... Samuel Chao Chung Ting (丁肇中 pinyin: Dīng Zhàozhōng; Wade-Giles: Ting¹ Chao⁴-chung¹) (born January 27, 1936) is a Michigan-born Chinese American physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1976 for the discovery of the subatomic J particle with Burton Richter. ... Philip Warren Anderson (born December 13, 1923) is one of the most influential theoretical physicists of the 20th century. ... Sir Nevill Francis Mott (September 30, 1905 â€“ August 8, 1996) was a British physicist. ... John Hasbrouck van Vleck (March 13, 1899 – October 27, 1980) was an American physicist. ... Semenov (on the right) and Kapitsa (on the left), portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ Ð›ÐµÐ¾Ð½Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÐ°Ð¿Ð¸Ñ†Ð°) (July 9, 1894 â€“ April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... Arno Allan Penzias (born April 26, 1933) is an American physicist and winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics. ... Robert Woodrow Wilson Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American physicist. ... Sheldon Glashow at Harvard University Professor Sheldon Lee Glashow (born December 5, 1932) is an American physicist. ... Abdus Salam at Nobel Prize ceremony with the King of Sweden Dr. Abdus Salam (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…) (January 29, 1926 at Santokdas, Sahiwal in Punjab â€“ 21 November 1996 in Oxford, England) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work in electroweak theory which... Steven Weinberg (born May 3, 1933) is an American physicist. ... James Watson Cronin (born September 29, 1931) is an American nuclear physicist. ... Val Logsdon Fitch (born March 10, 1923) is an American nuclear physicist. ... Nicolaas Bloembergen (born March 11, 1920) is an Dutch physicist. ... Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921-April 28, 1999) was an American physicist. ... Kai Manne BÃ¶rje Siegbahn (born April 20, 1918) is a Swedish physicist. ... Kenneth Geddes Wilson (born June 8, 1936) is an American physicist. ... Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (October 19, 1910 – August 21, 1995) was an Indian-American physicist, astrophysicist and mathematician. ... There is another William Fowler who was a Scottish poet and uncle of William Drummond of Hawthornden William Alfred Willie Fowler (August 9, 1911 â€“ March 14, 1995) was an American astrophysicist. ... Carlo Rubbia (born March 31, 1934) is an Italian physicist. ... Simon van der Meer (born November 24, 1925) is a Dutch physicist. ... Klaus von Klitzing, (born June 28, 1943 in German occupied Åšroda Wielkopolska) is a German physicist. ... Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (December 25, 1906â€“May 25, 1988) was a German physicist. ... Gerd Binnig (born July 20, 1947) is a German-born physicist who shared with Heinrich Rohrer half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). ... Heinrich Rohrer (born June 6, 1933) is a Swiss physicist who, with Gerd Binnig, received half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). ... Johannes Georg Bednorz (born May 16, 1950) is a German physicist who, along with Karl Alex Muller, was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of superconductivity in certain substances at temperatures higher than had previously been thought attainable. ... Alex MÃ¼ller in 2001 Karl Alexander MÃ¼ller (born April 27, 1927) is a Swiss physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Leon Max Lederman (born July 15, 1922 in New York) is an American experimental physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988 for his work on neutrinos. ... Melvin Schwartz (born November 2, 1932) is an American physicist. ... Jack Steinberger (born May 25, 1921) is a physicist. ... Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. ... Hans Georg Dehmelt (born September 9, 1922 in GÃ¶rlitz, Germany) is a German-born American physicist, who co-developed the ion trap. ... Wolfgang Paul (August 10, 1913 - December 7, 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the ion trap. ... Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930 in Chicago, Illinois) is a US physicist. ... Henry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926 â€“ February 15, 1999) was an American physicist. ... Richard E. Taylor Professor Richard E. Taylor, CC , FRS , FRSC , Ph. ... Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (born October 24, 1932) is a French physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Georges Charpak (born August 1, 1924) is a French physicist. ... Russell Alan Hulse (born November 28, 1950) is an American physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. ... Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. ... Bertram Neville Brockhouse (July 15, 1918 â€“ October 13, 2003) was a Nobel prize-winning Canadian physicist. ... Clifford Glenwood Shull (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1915 â€“ March 31, 2001) was a Nobel Prize-winning American physicist. ... Martin Lewis Perl (b. ... Frederick Reines Frederick Reines (March 16, 1918 - August 26, 1998) was an American physicist. ... David M. Lee (born January 20, 1931) is a physicist whose work on low-temperature helium-3 won him the Nobel Prize in 1996. ... Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is a American physicist. ... Robert Coleman Richardson (born June 26, 1937 in Washington D.C.) is an American physicist. ... Image:Stevenchu. ... Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (born April 1, 1933) is a French physicist working at the Ã‰cole Normale SupÃ©rieure in Paris, France, where he has also studied physics. ... Photograph of William Daniel Phillips William Daniel Phillips (born November 5, 1948 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) is an American physicist. ... Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is an American theoretical physicist who, with Horst L. StÃ¶rmer and Daniel C. Tsui, was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for his explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect. ... Horst Ludwig StÃ¶rmer (born April 6, 1949 in Frankfurt, Germany) is a German physicist who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics with Daniel Tsui and Robert Laughlin. ... Daniel Chee Tsui 崔琦 (pinyin: Cuī Qí)(born February 28, 1939, Henan Province, China) is a Chinese American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics. ... Gerard t Hooft at Harvard University Gerardus (Gerard) t Hooft [ut-hooft] (The prefix â€™t is pronounced as â€˜utâ€™ and stands for â€˜hetâ€™) (born July 5, 1946) is a professor in theoretical physics at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. ... Martinus J.G. Veltman (Tini for short) (born June 27, 1931, Waalwijk) is a 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics, work done at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. ... Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (also Alfyorov) (Russian: Жоре́с Ива́нович Алфёров) (born March 15, 1930) is a Soviet/Russian physicist with a Belarusian origin. ... Herbert Kroemer (born August 25, 1928) is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of California, Santa Barbara, received a Ph. ... Jack St. ... Carl Wieman (left) and Eric Cornell (right) on the University of Colorado at Boulder campus Eric Allin Cornell (born December 19, 1961) is a physicist who, along with Carl E. Wieman, was able to synthesize the first Bose-Einstein condensate in 1995. ... Wolfgang Ketterle (born October 21, 1957, in Heidelberg, Germany) is a German physicist and a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ... Carl Wieman (left) and Eric Cornell (right) on the University of Colorado at Boulder campus Carl Edwin Wieman (born March 26, 1951) is a Nobel-prize winning American physicist of the University of Colorado at Boulder who (with Eric Allin Cornell), in 1995, produced the first true Bose-Einstein condensate. ... Raymond Davis Jr. ... Masatoshi Koshiba (å°æŸ´ æ˜Œä¿Š Koshiba Masatoshi, born on September 19, 1926 in Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture -) is a Japanese physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2002. ... Riccardo Giacconi (born October 6, 1931) is an Italian-born American Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist. ... Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: ) (born June 25, 1928, in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR) is a Soviet/Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. ... Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (Russian: ; born October 4, 1916 in Moscow) is a Soviet/Russian theoretical physicist and astrophysicist, a member of the Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union, and the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Academys physics institute (FIAN). ... Sir Anthony James Leggett, KBE, FRS, (born March 26, 1938 in Camberwell, London, England), is John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Chair and Center for Advanced Study Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. ... David Gross and his wife in Santa Barbara David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941 in Washington, D.C.) is an American physicist and string theorist. ... Prof. ... Frank Wilczek (born May 15, 1951) is a Nobel prize winning American physicist. ... Roy Jay Glauber (born 1 September 1925) is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics at Harvard University and Adjunct Professor of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. ... John L. Hall (born 1934) is a JILA (formerly known as the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics) fellow and Physics lecturer at the University of Colorado at Boulder Physics department. ... Theodor Wolfgang HÃ¤nsch (b. ... John Cromwell Mather (b. ... George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics with John C. Mather for their discovery of the black body form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. This work helped cement the big-bang theory of...

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Early life and Education GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");