Tangier Garrison was a military installation in Tangier held by the English from 1661 to 6 February 1684 when it returned to being part of Morocco. Tangier, Morocco Tangier (Tanja طنچة in Berber and Arabic, Tánger in Spanish, and Tanger in French), is a city of northern Morocco with a population of 669,685 (2004 census). ...

History

English take possesion

In 1661 King Charles II married the Portuguese Catherine of Braganza, and as part of her dowry Charles was granted the ports of Tangier and Bombay (now Mumbai). As soon as Charles and Catherine's marriage treaty had been signed, Admiral Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, was sent to take possession of Tangier. Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... Charles II or The Merry Monarch (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... Catherine of Braganza. ... Tangier, Morocco Tangier (Tanja طنچة in Berber and Arabic, Tánger in Spanish, and Tanger in French), is a city of northern Morocco with a population of 669,685 (2004 census). ... Mumbai (Hindi/Marathi: मुंबई) (pronounced ), formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006)[1]. Mumbai is located on Salsette Island, off the west coast of Maharashtra. ... Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, 1625–1672 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1666. ... Tangier, Morocco Tangier (Tanja طنچة in Berber and Arabic, Tánger in Spanish, and Tanger in French), is a city of northern Morocco with a population of 669,685 (2004 census). ...

Tangier controlled entry into the Mediterranean Sea and was the principle commercial centre on the North West coast of Africa, however, there had been years of conflict with the Moors. Satellite image The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ... Copyrighted Image Photo courtesy of Wayne B. Chandler Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including the present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ...

On September 6, 1661, King Charles appointed Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough, as Governor and Captain General of all the forces in Tangier. When Peterborough landed he found the town derelict, and under constant attack from some 17,000 Berber rebels. This article is about the day of the year. ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ...

The 2nd Regiment of Foot arrived in Tangier on January 29, 1662 and was joined by Parliamentarian companies from the garrison of Dunkirk and two units from the Royalist Force, which had been serving in Flanders; they officially took over Tangier from Montague's small naval garrison. The Regiment remained in Tangier for 23 years until the port was finally evacuated in 1684. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 1 - The Chinese pirate Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege. ... Flanders (Flemish, Fleming) (Dutch: Vlaanderen (Vlaams, Vlaming)) has two main designations: a geographical region in the north of Belgium, corresponding to the Flemish region, a constituent part of the federal Belgian state. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ...

Three additional regiments from the Dunkirk garrison were also placed under Peterborough's command and he arrived in Tangier with a force of 500 horse and 2000 foot with the wives of 200-300 of the soldiers, to serve in a domestic capacity, the first time that wives had officially accompanied an English army to an overseas garrison. Garrison House, built 1675, Dover, NH, USA In the military, garrison is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base. ...

The Portuguese government were not in the least bit reluctant to part with Tangier. The anchorage being unsafe for shipping, and beyond the landward fortifications roamed the Moors, who never missed an opportunity to harass the town. The Portuguese inhabitants were not happy with these arrangements and departed on the British ships, leaving a civilian population made up of only the wives and families of the military. Damaged package The Panama canal. ...

Work began on a fortified harbour at the end of November. It was to be six hundred yards long, 30 foot deep at low tide and be able to keep out the roughest of seas. Each redoubt had 400 men guarding the excavation site, whilst to the front balls of spikes, stakes and piles of gunpowder and stone mix, which acted as a basic mine were laid. Table of Fortification, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Smokeless powder Gunpowder, whether black powder or smokeless powder, is a substance that burns very rapidly, releasing gases that act as a propellant in firearms. ... U.S. Army soldier removes fuse from a Russian-made mine to clear a minefield outside of Fallujah, Iraq. ...

Tangier Declared a free city

On June 4, 1668 Tangier was declared a free city by charter, with a mayor and corporation to govern instead of the army. June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... // Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ...

In 1674, the William O'Brien, Earl of Inchiquin was Governor. Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ...

In 1675 a garrison school was founded, led by Rev Dr George Mercer. Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ...

On December 30, 1676, Charles ordered a survey of the city and garrison of Tangier, which was costing about £140 000 a year to maintain. The survey showed that the total inhabitants numbered 2,225, of whom 50 were army officers, 1,231 other ranks, with 302 army wives and children. Amongst the buildings was a hospital and an army school. December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ...

In 1680, the pressure from the Moors increased, as the Emperor of Morocco joined forces with the Chief of Fez in order to pursue a war against all Christians in North Africa. Reinforcements were needed at the Garrison, which was raised to 3000 in number. Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... This article is about the city Fes in Morocco. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ...

Also in 1680 the Earl of Inchiquin resigned and was replaced by the Earl of Ossory, who died before taking up his post. Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... The peerage title Earl of Ormonde has a long and complex history. ...

The Royal Scots, shortly followed by a further foot regiment raised on July 13, 1680, were sent to Tangier; the Second Tangier, accompanied the King's Battalion, was formed from the Grenadier and Coldstream Guards. The Battalion landed in July, 1680, and fierce attacks were made against the Moors, who had gained a footing on the edge of the town, finally defeating them by controlled and well-aimed musket fire. The Battalion remained in Tangier until the fort was abandoned. Official name The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment) Colonel-in-Chief Honorary-General HRH Mary, Princess Royal (1918) HRH Anne, Princess Royal (1983) Nicknames Pontius Pilates Bodyguard Motto Nemo me impune lacessit (Nobody touches me with impunity) Anniversaries Marches Quick March: Dumbartons Drums Slow March: Garb of Old... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... The Grenadier Guards is the most senior regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army, and, as such, is the most senior regiment of infantry. ... The Coldstream Guards is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ...

Growing concerns about the garrison

For some time Parliament had been concerned about the cost of maintaining the Tangier garrison. By 1680 the King had threatened to give up Tangier unless the supplies were voted for its sea defences, intended to provide a safe harbour for shipping. Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ...

The garrison at Tangier had to be constantly reinforced, having cost nearly two million pounds of royal treasure and many lives had been sacrificed in its defence. Merchant ships continued to be harassed by Barbary pirates, and undefended crews were regularly captured into slavery. UKP redirects here. ... Merchants function as professionals who deal with trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves, in order to produce profit. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Chattel slavery be merged into this article or section. ...

The Popish Plot in England had intensified the dread of Catholicism, and the King's frequent request for more troops to increase the size of the garrison raised suspicions that a standing army was being retained in Tangier to ensure a Catholic succession and absolute monarchy. The Popish Plot was an alleged Catholic conspiracy. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... Absolute monarchy is a monarchial form of government where the ruler has the power to rule his or her land or country and its citizens freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force. ...

In October 1680, Colonel Charles Fitzcharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth, arrived as Governor, but was taken mortally ill soon afterwards. Colonel Edward Sackville took over the governorship temporarily. Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ...

On December 20, 1680, the House of Commons petitioned the King to give his assent to a Bill of Exclusion to disinherit the Duke of York; adding that, unless and until the bill was passed, Parliament could not give any supplies to Charles. The King refused to sacrifice his brother's right of succession to save Tangier. December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... British House of Commons Canadian House of Commons In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ... The title Duke of York is a title of nobility usually given to the second son of the British monarch, unless the title is already held by an earlier monarchs son who is still alive. ...

On December 28, 1680 Colonel Percy Kirke was appointed Colonel and Governor. December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Percy Kirke (c. ...

Evacuation of Tangier

Finally, in 1683, Charles gave Admiral Lord Dartmouth secret orders to abandon Tangier. Dartmouth was to level the fortifications, destroy the harbour, and evacuate the troops. In August 1683 Dartmouth, as Admiral of the Fleet and captain general in Tangier, sailed from Plymouth. He was accompanied by Samuel Pepys who wrote an account of the evacuation. Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Admiral George Legge (c. ... Admiral of the Fleet is a supreme naval position that has existed in historical navies and still exists in several modern-day navies. ... Plymouth is a city in the South West of England, or alternatively the Westcountry, and is situated within the traditional county of Devon. ... Samuel Pepys Samuel Pepys, FRS (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament. ...

All the forts and walls were mined for last-minute destruction. On February 5, 1684 Tangier was officially evacuated, leaving the town in ruins, thereafter Kirke's Regiment returned to England. February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ...

One of Lord Dartmouth's main concerns was the evacuation of sick soldiers "and the many families and their effects to be brought off". The hospital ship Unity sailed for England on October 18, 1683 with 114 invalid soldiers and 104 women and children. The main force of 2,830 officers and men and 361 wives and children finally completed the demolition of the harbour wall and fortifications, and evacuated the garrison during the early months of 1684. October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ...

The 2nd Tangier Regiment left late in the second week of February for Plymouth with some 600 men and 30 wives and children. The Earl of Dumbarton's regiment went into quarters at Rochester, and Trelawney's Regiment to Portsmouth. The 2nd Tangier Regiment was raised by the Earl of Plymouth in 1680. ... Rochester is a small town in Kent, at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about 30 miles (50 km) from London. ... Portsmouth is a city of about 196,000 people located in the county of Hampshire on the southern coast of Great Britain. ...

Before leaving, Dartmouth was able to purchase the release of many English prisoners from Ismail's bagnio, including several officers and about 40 men, some of whom had spent 10 years in the hands of the Moors. Bagnios were the slave prisons of the Barbary regencies. ...

Governors

January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 1 - The Chinese pirate Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege. ... // Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ... // Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ... May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of Teviot (d. ... May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Events March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... John Fitzgerald (born February 10, 1984) is an Irish football player who currently plays for Bury F.C. on loan from Blackburn Rovers F.C.. Also, John Fitzgerald, Australian Tennis Player and doubles partner of John Alexander. ... Events March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ... Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton (c. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton (c. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory (July 8 or 9 1634 - July 30, 1680), eldest son of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, was born at Kilkenny. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... Events March 4 - Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Percy Kirke (c. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ...

References

Public Records Office

• ADM 106/294 Roger Allsopp 1673
• ADM 106/314
• ADM 12/18
• ADM 12/28B

British Library

• Manuscript Collection: 1671-1675 - Samuel Luke, Merchant, Tangier, Morocco. Reference Sloane MSS
• B. Museum Add. Mss.36528 Diary of John Luke (see & Judge Advocate to John Middleton, Earl of Middleton, Govr of Tangier)

See also

• Colonial Heads of Tangier
• Roger Elliott
• Alexander Spotswood
• John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
• The Tangier Regiment and 2nd Tangier Regiment