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Kashmir : Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. The dark-brown region represents Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir while the Aksai Chin is under Chinese occupation.

Terrorism in Kashmir has existed in various forms mainly in Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian-controlled side of the disputed territory of Kashmir, which has been the target of a campaign of terrorism and militancy by all sides in the conflict. Thousands of lives have been lost since 1989 due to the intensified insurgency and the Pakistani militants. Casualties include civilians, Indian security forces, Kashmiri and non Kashmiri militants and Pakistan supported Islamic terrorists. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... The Disputed Territory : Shown in green is Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... The Disputed Territory : Shown in green is Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... , Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri:ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... The word militant can refer to any individual engaged in warfare, a fight, combat, or generally serving as a soldier. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

See also: History of Jammu and Kashmir

This article covers the history of Jammu and Kashmir from earliest recorded times to the present day. ...

Militancy and military

Though there had been instances of sporadic conflict in many regions for many years, intensified attacks occurred in the late 1980s, when Mujahideen fighters from Afghanistan slowly infiltrated the region, allegedly with Pakistan's help, following the end of the Soviet-Afghan War in 1989.^[1] Since then, violence has increased significantly in strength. Many separatists have carried out attacks on Indian civilians and Indian army installations in response to what they see as Indian army occupation.^[2] This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... Mujahideen (Arabic: , ; Turkish: , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ...

India claims most of the separatist terrorist groups are based in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir (also known as Azad Kashmir). Some like the All Parties Hurriyat Conference and the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front, demand an independent Kashmir. Other terrorist groups such as Lashkar-e-Toiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed favour a Pakistani-Kashmir. These terror groups have contacts with Taliban and Bin Laden. Both the organisations no longer operate under these names after they were banned by the Indian and Pakistani government, and by other countries including the USA and UK. Of the larger militant groups, the Hizbul Mujahideen, a militant organisation based in Indian administered Kashmir, unlike other groups, has only kept its name.^[3]. Despite casualties, the militants are still believed to number thousands rather than hundreds. Several new separatist organizations have also emerged. According to U.S. Intelligence, Al-Qaeda also has a main base in Pakistani Kashmir and is helping to foment terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir.[5] [6] The Islamic Republic of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: , English: ) is part of the Pakistani-administered section of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, along with the Northern Areas; its official name is Azad Jammu and Kashmir. ... The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed by the alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. ... The Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), founded by Dr. Amanullah Khan is an Kashmiri terrorist organization that seeks the liberation of the Indian and Pakistani segments of the former Dogra kingdom of Jammu & Kashmir as it existed upto August 1947. ... Lashkar-e-Toiba (Urdu: لشكرِ طيبه laÅ¡kar-Ä• ṯaiyyiba, literally The Army of Pure, also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba or Lashkar-i-Toiba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in South Asia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mohammads Army. ... The Hizbul Mujahideen (حزب المجاھدین) (created 1989) is a militant group active in Kashmir. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...

It is hard to determine the total number of casualties. According to a report by the Government of India in the year 2000, 31,000 Indian civilians had lost their lives due to the insurgency. Human rights groups and local NGOs put the total figure at more than 84,000 (2005 figure).^[4] Militancy had reached its peak in 1994 when the region saw more than 6,043 incidents and has since declined. However, Kashmir continues to remain as the most volatile region in the world with an average of 2,500 incidents every year.^[5] According to an Indian estimate in 2005 there were about 2,000 militants in the Kashmir valley alone; 1,200 of them belong to the Hizbul Mujahideen. Not all Kashmiri separatists and militant organizations share the same ideology. Some fight in the name of religion, some are pro-Pakistan and some favour an independent Kashmir. The Government of India (Hindi: भारत सरकार Bhārat Sarkār), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The term non-governmental organization (NGO) is used in a variety of ways all over the world and, depending on the context in which it is used, can refer to many different types of organizations. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Hizbul Mujahideen (حزب المجاھدین) (created 1989) is a militant group active in Kashmir. ...

India claims it is the presence of these numerous anti-India insurgent groups that has compelled New Delhi to deploy massive number of troops in Jammu and Kashmir for the task of counter insurgency. New Delhi has never made an official count, but military analysts estimate that anywhere from 30,000 to nearly 33,000 security personnel are most likely involved, supported by thousands of Indian paramilitary groups such as the Rashtriya rifles, and the Romeo Force(all a part of Indian army).^[6] Further consolidating Indian control in Kashmir are hundreds of counter-insurgents known collectively as the Ikhwanis. Made up of former militants, the groups were abandoned by India in the early part of this decade, allowing anti-Indian militants to kill some of the Ikhwanis, including the Ikhwani leader, Kukka Parray. , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... In the context of an occupation or a civil war, counter-insurgency (abbreviated COIN) is a military term for the combat against a political rebellion, termed an insurgency, by forces aligned with the standing government of the territory in which the combat takes place. ...

Rebel groups

Over the last two years, a terrorist group, Lashkar-e-Toiba has split into two factions: Al Mansurin and Al Nasirin. Another new group reported to have emerged is the Save Kashmir Movement. Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (formerly known as Harkat-ul-Ansar) and Lashkar-e-Toiba are believed to be operating from Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir and Muridke, Pakistan respectively.^[7] Other less well known groups are the Freedom Force and Farzandan-e-Milat. A smaller group, Al-Badr, has been active in Kashmir for many years and is still believed to be functioning.^[7] All Parties Hurriyat Conference, an organisation that uses moderate means to press for the rights of the Kashmiris, is often considered as the mediator between New Delhi and insurgent groups. Lashkar-e-Toiba (Urdu: لشكرِ طيبه laškar-ĕ ṯaiyyiba, literally The Army of Pure, also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba or Lashkar-i-Toiba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in South Asia. ... Harkat-ul-Mujahideen is a Pakistani-Kashmiri guerrilla group. ... Harkat-ul-Mujahideen is a Pakistani-Kashmiri guerrilla group. ... Lashkar-e-Toiba (Urdu: لشكرِ طيبه laškar-ĕ ṯaiyyiba, literally The Army of Pure, also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba or Lashkar-i-Toiba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in South Asia. ... Muzaffarabad (Urdu: مظفرآباد, is the capital of the State of Azad Kashmir, located in the north of the state, which is the Pakistani-controlled part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. ... The Islamic Republic of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: , English: ) is part of the Pakistani-administered section of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, along with the Northern Areas; its official name is Azad Jammu and Kashmir. ... A major commercial city near Lahore, Pakistan, Muridke is situated on famous Grand Trunk Road and at the crossroads to Sheikupura, Gujranwala and Narang Mandi. ... Freedom Force may refer to: Freedom Force (comics), a fictional supervillain team in the Marvel Comics universe Freedom Force (NES game), a video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System Freedom Force (computer game), a superhero computer game This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same... al-Badr (al-Badr Mujahideen)(created 1998) is a Islamic militant group operating in the Jammu Kashmir region. ... The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed by the alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ...

Not much is known about collaboration between the various groups, but most say they are members of an alliance known as the United Jihad Council (UJC).^[8] The two groups which India says were behind the December 2001 attack on the Indian parliament in New Delhi — known then as Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Toiba are believed to be members of the UJC. India says that it was Jaish-e-Mohammed that attacked the Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly in Srinagar in October 2001.^[9] It is also known that the Jaish-e-Mohammed was responsible for the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC-814 to Kandahar, which forced the Government of India to release Maulana Masood Azhar, the chief of the Jaish-e-Mohammed.^[10] Recruits from various parts of the world have been sent to Pakistan-administered Kashmir for training and advice.^[11] Also known as the Muttahida Jihad Council (MJC), this is a group created in the summer of 1994 by Pakistans Inter Services Intelligence. ... Sansad Bhavan, The Parliament of India The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is bicameral. ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mohammads Army. ... Lashkar-e-Toiba (Urdu: لشكرِ طيبه laÅ¡kar-Ä• ṯaiyyiba, literally The Army of Pure, also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba or Lashkar-i-Toiba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in South Asia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mohammads Army. ... , Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri:ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... Srinagar   (Hindi: श्रीनगर, Urdu: سرینگر, Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر सिरीनगर) , is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India, and is situated in the valley of Kashmir. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mohammads Army. ... Indian Airlines Flight 814 was a flight that flew from Kathmandu, Nepal to Delhi, Indias Indira Gandhi International Airport // The hijack The Indian Airlines flight 814 was hijacked on Christmas Eve,December 24, 1999, shortly after takeoff by from Kathmandu airport in Nepal and entered Indian airspace. ... This article is about the city in Afghanistan. ... The Government of India (Hindi: भारत सरकार Bhārat Sarkār), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mohammads Army. ...

Involvement

A report by Human Rights Watch group confirms the Indian view, stating that "There is compelling evidence that elements of the Pakistani government have sponsored a significant flow of arms to Kashmiri terrorists, as well as an extensive training program."^[12] The US government has also supported the claim that anti-India terror groups exist in India.^[13] India claims that there are also other Afghan, Egyptian, Yemeni and Bangladeshi terrorists active in Jammu and Kashmir. Other nonpartisan resources also concur stating that Pakistan’s military and Interservices Intelligence (ISI) both include personnel who sympathize with—or even assist—Islamist militants adding that "ISI has provided covert but well-documented support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, among other outfits."^[14] In a recent infiltration bid, an Indian Army officer was shot dead, with India citing that this was clear evidence of Pakistani involvement in the insurgency.^[15] The UN Security Council has also confirmed the existence of terrorist groups based in [Pakistani] Kashmir and urged Pakistan to crack down on terrorist groups which had been operating in Kashmir and killing innocent people.^[16] Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... In U.S. politics, nonpartisan denotes an election in which the candidates do not declare or do not formally have a political party affiliation. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ...

Pakistan describes some of these separatists as "freedom fighters" and says that it supports their effort for the cause of the Kashmiris only morally. Pakistan however admits that there has been 'cross border infiltration of militants' across the line of controls LOC. In 2002, Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf tried to clamp down on the militants [8] operating from Pakistan[9]. India, however, claims that Islamabad supports these groups financially and militarily. Many sources have maintained that Pakistan's intelligence organisation, Inter-Service Intelligence, Inter Services Intelligence, is the main supplier of funds and arms to these groups;^[17] a claim that Islamabad has dismissed. The British Government had stated there is a 'clear link' between Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence and three major militant groups^[18] An article in The Guardian had uncovered evidence that Pakistani militants were openly raising funds and training new recruits and that the ISI's Kashmir cell was instrumental in funding and controlling the militant outfits.^[12] Richard Bennett, a British military and intelligence analyst states that the ISI has armed and trained generations of Islamist extremists and has directed many of their terrorist attacks both within the Kashmir and in India's major cities.^[19] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The President of Pakistan (Urdū: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد (Meaning Abode of Islam)), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ... Inter Services Intelligence or ISI refers to the Pakistani intelligence agency. ... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد (Meaning Abode of Islam)), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ... Her Majestys Government, or when the Sovereign is male, His Majestys Government, abbreviated HMG or HM Government, is the formal title used by the Government of the United Kingdom. ... Inter Services Intelligence or ISI refers to the Pakistani intelligence agency. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...

Indian sources also allege that there are between 2,600 to 3,000 militants receiving training in camps across Pakistan and PoK. During a peace summit between Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf and Indian former-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in January 2004, Islamabad assured India that it would do everything possible to curb the activities any training camps on its territory. However, violence has continued in Kashmir despite a 3 year long peace process between India and Pakistan. There were as many as 166 incidents in June 2005 alone in which some 201 people have died.^[20]. Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK or POK) is the name given by India to a portion of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan and China. ... (PA – 6920) General Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: پرويز مشرف); born August 10, 1943) is the President, the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army and the fourth Pakistani General to govern the country in the wake of a coup. ... This biographical article does not cite any references or sources. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد (Meaning Abode of Islam)), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in June June 27: Shelby Foote June 27: John T. Walton June 26: Richard Whiteley June 25: John Fiedler June 25: Chet Helms June 24: Paul Winchell June 21: Jaime Cardinal Sin June 20: Jack Kilby...

According to Indian sources there are about 37 training camps in Pakistan, 49 in Azad Kashmir and 22 in Afghanistan.^[10] The FBI also has produced images of camps operating in Pakistan.^[22]. India claims that every year thousands of armed insurgents infiltrate into Indian-administered Kashmir and carry out attacks against Indian Security Forces and Kashmiri civilians. In June 2005, the Indian Army had foiled at least 72 infiltration attempts along the Line of Control in Kashmir.^[11] India alleges that despite the commitments made by Pervez Musharraf, Islamabad has done little to stop the training camps on its soil. According to India, most of the militants in Kashmir come from Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, Yemen and Bangladesh. Not all Kashmiri separatists and militant organizations share the same ideology. Some fight in the name of religion, some are pro-Pakistan and some favour an independent Kashmir. While the vast majority of militants are Muslims, one report indicated a minority of fighter (40 to 50) are Hindu militants who have either taken up arms or provided safe cover for militants.^[23] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Islamic Republic of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: , English: ) is part of the Pakistani-administered section of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, along with the Northern Areas; its official name is Azad Jammu and Kashmir. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... , Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri:ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... (PA – 6920) General Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: پرويز مشرف); born August 10, 1943) is the President, the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army and the fourth Pakistani General to govern the country in the wake of a coup. ... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد (Meaning Abode of Islam)), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ...

India has also accused Pakistan of a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Kashmiris using state-sponsored terrorism. It claims that starting from the 80's, 70,000 to 120,000 Kashmiris have been killed. According to the CIA World Factbook, that number of Pandits forced to flee their homes is higher than 300,000. [[12]].

Human rights violations by Islamic terrorists

Islamic terrorists are accused of following a policy of ethnic cleansing against the Kashmir populace. Tens of thousands innocent civilian Kashmiri Hindus have been killed in Kashmir over the past 10 years by Islamic terrorist organizations or Muslim mobs. Human rights organisations put the figure of the number killed since the late 80's at 11,000.^[5] Tens of thousands of Kashmiri Pandits have emigrated as a result of the violence. Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · The Holocaust · Armenian Genocide · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Blood libel · Black Legend Pedophobia · Ephebiphobia Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Ku Klux Klan National Party (South Africa) American Nazi Party Kahanism · Supremacism Anti...

Estimates of the displaced varies from 170,000 to 700,000.^[24] Local politicians have suffered the brunt of aggression. The districts of Baramulla and Anantnag in the Kashmir Valley, are the worst affected. Incidents of rape, kidnapping, looting, rioting, and money laundering have increased since insurgency intensified in the 1980's. The Jammu and Kashmir provincial government stated in 2003, that a total of 3,744 people had 'disappeared' since 1989. However, human rights activists put the total figure at more than 8,000. Those who are targeted mainly include Hindu women, children and local politicians. Categories: Stub ... Anantnag/Islamabad Anantnag(Sanaskrit]:Anant^a N_aga-^a , Urdu:Islamabad / Anantnag , Kashmiri: Islamabad ) ,Anantnag is a city and a Municipality in Anantnag district in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, India. ... Money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions in order to conceal the identity, source and destination of the money in question. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

More than 120 local politicians have lost their lives, 15 of whom were members of Kashmir State Assembly. Vidhan Sabha, the name of the state-level legislature assemblies in India. ...

Human rights violations by Pakistan

Pakistani Security forces stand accused of staging encounter killings to cover up the deaths of captured Hindus from India or other countries, sometimes after torturing them. Circumstances around allegedly faked encounter killings were often in dispute.The Defense Ministry has been made aware of some of the fake encounter, and claimed to prosecute the offending soldiers. Human Rights Watch claims that no such prosecutions occurred. Human rights groups accused security forces of targeting suspected terrorists, insurgents and their suspected supporters. There were no widely accepted data on the magnitude of extrajudicial killings in Jammu and Kashmir, as estimates or reports depended on the political orientation of the source. However, according to Asia Centre for Human Rights (ACHR), only a minuscule percentage of encounter killings resulted in a trial or conviction.[13] Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ...

Terrorist acts

• 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed daughter of them Home Minister of India Mufti Sayeed .
• 1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Jammu and Kashmir six forien trekkers from Anantnag district were kidnapped by Al Faran,One was beheaded later , one escaped and other four remain untraced presumable killed.
• Wandhama Massacre - In January 1998, 24 Kashmiri Pandits living in the city Wandhama were massacred by Pakistani Militants. According to the testimony of one of the survivors, the militants dressed themselves as officers of the Indian Army, entered their houses and then started firing blindly. The incident was significant because it coincided with former US president Bill Clinton's visit to India and New Delhi used the massacre to present a case against the alleged Pakistan-supported terrorism in Kashmir.^[25]
• Sangrampora Killings - On March 22, 1997, 7 Kashmiri Pandits were killed in Sangrampora village in the Budgam district.^[26]
• 2001 terrorist attack on Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly On October 1, 2001, a bombing at the Legislative Assembly in Srinagar killed 38.^[27]
• Qasim Nagar Attack - On July 13 2003, armed militants believed to be a part of the Lashkar-e-Toiba threw hand grenades at the Qasim Nagar market in Srinagar and then fired on civilians standing nearby killing twenty-seven and injuring many more.^[28]
• Assassination of Abdul Ghani Lone - Abdul Ghani Lone, a prominent All Party Hurriyat Conference leader, was assassinated by unidentified gunmen during a memorial rally in Srinagar. The assassination resulted in wide-scale demonstrations against the Indian forces for failing to provide enough security cover for Mr. Lone.^[28]
• July 20, 2005 Srinagar Bombing - A car bomb exploded near an armoured Indian Army vehicle in the famous Church Lane area in Srinagar killing 4 Indian Army personnel, one civilian and the suicide bomber. Militant group Hizbul Mujahideen, claimed responsibility for the attack.^[29]
• Budshah Chowk attack - A militant attack on July 29, 2005 at Srinigar's city centre, Budshah Chowk, killed 2 and left more than 17 people injured. Most of those injured were media journalists.^[30]
• Murder of Ghulam Nabi Lone - On October 18, 2005 suspected Kashmiri militants killed Jammu and Kashmir's then education minister Ghulam Nabi Lone. Militant group called Al Mansurin claimed responsibility for the attack.^[31]
• On May 3, 2006 militants massacred 35 Hindus in Doda and Udhampur districts in Jammu and Kashmir.^[32]
• On June 12, 2006 one person was killed and 31 were wounded when terrorists hurled three grenades on Vaishnodevi shrine-bound buses at the general bus stand here this morning.^[33]
• On July 7, 2006, over 190 people were killed and over 700 injured from bombs planted on 7 commuter trains in Mumbai by Lashkar-e-Toiba terrorists.

The 1989 kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed was an act carried out by members of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front[1], a Kashmiri militant organization, on December 8, 1989 in Jammu and Kashmir. ... 1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Jammu and Kashmir was an act of kidnapping of six foreign tourists by Al-Faran a terrorist organisation, from the Aroo area of Pahalgam in Anantnag district in south Jammu and Kashmir on July 4, 1995. ... The Hindu temple in Wandhama after it was desecrated and destroyed by the terorists . ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... The Kashmiri Pandits (Hindus) are the original inhabitants of the Valley of Kashmir. ... The Hindu temple in Wandhama after it was desecrated and destroyed by the terorists . ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Badgam is a town and a notified area committee in Badgam district in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, India. ... On October 1, 2001 the militants carried out an attack on the Jammu and Kashmir State Legislative Assembly complex in Srinagar using a car bomb and four suicide bombers, fidayeen. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Srinagar   (Hindi: श्रीनगर, Urdu: سرینگر, Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر सिरीनगर) , is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India, and is situated in the valley of Kashmir. ... July 13 is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Lashkar-e-Toiba (Urdu: لشكرِ طيبه laÅ¡kar-Ä• ṯaiyyiba, literally The Army of Pure, also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba or Lashkar-i-Toiba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in South Asia. ... Srinagar   (Hindi: श्रीनगर, Urdu: سرینگر, Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر सिरीनगर) , is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India, and is situated in the valley of Kashmir. ... Srinagar   (Hindi: श्रीनगर, Urdu: سرینگر, Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر सिरीनगर) , is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India, and is situated in the valley of Kashmir. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Srinagar   (Hindi: श्रीनगर, Urdu: سرینگر, Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر सिरीनगर) , is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India, and is situated in the valley of Kashmir. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... Srinagar   (Hindi: श्रीनगर, Urdu: سرینگر, Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر सिरीनगर) , is the summer capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India, and is situated in the valley of Kashmir. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... The Hizbul Mujahideen (حزب المجاھدین) (created 1989) is a militant group active in Kashmir. ... Srinagar city and its vicinity Srinagar is a city in Jammu and Kashmir, India. ... July 29 is the 210th day of the year (211th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Srinagar city and its vicinity Srinagar is a city in Jammu and Kashmir, India. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Doda District, Jammu and Kashmir, India Doda is also a byname of Dorota Rabczewska Doda, was the wife of St Arnulf, bishop of Metz, and is thus an ancestor of Charlemagne Category: ... Udhampur is a sleepy town used more as a transit point between Jammu and Srinagar when travelling by road (National Highway Number 1A). ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Statistics

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The following statistics were compiled by Indian Army, the US State Department Patterns of Global Terrorism and News Sources:^[2] Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

• Number of Terrorists* camps in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir: 49
• Total number of Terrorists* camps in Pakistan: 37
• Number of Kashmiri Terrorists* camps in Afghanistan: 22
• Number of Terrorists* operating in Jammu and Kashmir: 3200 (1996 estimate^[34])
• Number of Kashmiri Terrorists* in Indian jails: 125
• Number of Indian civilians killed by Kashmiri Terrorists* since 1988: over 29,000
• Number of explosions carried out by the Terrorists* in India: 4,730
• Total number of Kashmiri Pandits displaced from the state: over 300,000
• Amount of explosives recovered from Kashmiri Terrorists* in India: 60 tons or 30,000 kg (estimate)
• Major Terrorists* training camps:^[20]

(*NB: In the original report, insurgents are described as "terrorists" ) Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... A major commercial city near Lahore, Pakistan, Muridke is situated on famous Grand Trunk Road and at the crossroads to Sheikupura, Gujranwala and Narang Mandi. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and is the second most densely populated city in Pakistan. ... The Punjab/ پنجاب province of Pakistan is part of the larger Punjab region. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Muzaffarabad (Urdu: مظفرآباد, is the capital of the State of Azad Kashmir, located in the north of the state, which is the Pakistani-controlled part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Skardu Town as seen from the Skardu Fort Skardu (Urdu: سکردو), the capital of Baltistan is part of Northern Areas along with Gilgit Region - and Skardu is one of the districts of Northern Areas. ... The Northern Areas (Urdu: شمالی علاقے ) or Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistani-administered Kashmir. ... The Northern Areas (Urdu: شمالی علاقے ) or Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistani-administered Kashmir. ... The Northern Areas (Urdu: شمالی علاقے ) or Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistani-administered Kashmir. ... North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ...

Recent developments

Violent activities in the region declined in 2004. There are two main reasons for this: warming of relations between New Delhi and Pakistan which consequently lead to a ceasefire between the two countries in 2003 and the fencing of the LOC being carried out by the Indian Army. Moreover, coming under intense international pressure, Islamabad was compelled to take actions against the militant's training camps on its territory. In 2004, the two countries also agreed upon decreasing the number of troops present in the region. shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد (Meaning Abode of Islam)), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ...

Under pressure, Kashmiri militant organisations have made an offer for talks and negotiations with New Delhi, which was accepted by India. India's Border Security Force blamed the Pakistani military for providing cover-fire for the militants whenever they infiltrated into Indian territory from Pakistan. However, ever since the ceasefire has come into action, the militants have received no back-up from Pakistani Military, which has contributed significantly to the decline in cross-border terrorism^[35] in the state. , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... The Border Security Force (BSF), established on December 1, 1965, is responsible for guarding Indias land borders during peacetime and preventing trans-border crimes. ... A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ... Pakistans 610,000-member armed forces, the worlds eighth largest in 2000, are well trained and disciplined. ...

Re-evaluation

The insurgents who initially started their movement as a pro-Kashmiri independence movement, have gone through a lot of change in their ideology. Most of the insurgents portray their struggle as a religious one.

Indian analysts allege that by supporting these insurgents, Pakistan is trying to wage a proxy war against India while Pakistan claims that it regards most of these insurgent groups as "freedom fighters" rather than militants. A proxy war is a war where two powers use third parties as a supplement or a substitute for fighting each other directly. ... An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ...

Internationally known to be the most deadly theatre of conflict, nearly 10 million people, including Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists have been fighting a daily battle for survival. The cross-border firing between India and Pakistan, and the terrorist attacks combined have mostly taken its toll on the Hindu Kashmiris, who have suffered poor living standards and an erosion of human rights. A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ...

Films and Books

Indian Films

• Mission Kashmir — by Vidhu Vinod Chopra; focuses on the mental state of a Kashmiri militant.
• Roja — is a movie about a civilian taken hostage by insurgents in Kashmir.
• The Hero — Sunny Deol plays the role of an Indian spy whose aim is to stop a Kashmiri insurgent group from obtaining nuclear bombs.
• Dil Se — The clash between love and ideology is portrayed in this love story between a radio executive and a beautiful suicide bomber possibly belonging to a militant group from the North-East India;^[36] starring Shah Rukh Khan and Manisha Koirala.
• Sheen — Based on the plight of Kashmiri Pandits or Hindus, made homeless refugees in their own state by the insurgents.
• Kashmeer — by Suhail Tatari; revolves around the relationship between a Muslim girl and a Hindu boy residing in the troubled Kashmir region.
• Zameen — by Rohit Shetty; based on the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814 by Kashmiri militants
• Yahaan — A love story of an idealistic Indian army soldier and a local Kashmiri girl.

Books Mission Kashmir is a Bollywood movie, released in India on October 27, 2000, directed and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra. ... Writer, Director, Producer and Actor in Bollywood movies. ... Roja (1992) is a Tamil film directed by Mani Ratnam. ... Sunny Deol (Hindi: शनि दियोल, Urdu: شنِ دِیول), born as Ajay Singh Deol (Hindi: अजय सिंह दियोल, Urdu: اَجے سِںہ دِیول) on October 19, 1959 in New Delhi, India) is a National Film Awards winning film (Bollywood) actor of Punjabi descent. ... Dil Se (Devanagari दिल से) (1998) is a Hindi film directed by Mani Ratnam. ... A suicide bombing is an attack using a bomb in which the individual(s) carrying the explosive materials composing the bomb intend(s) and expect(s) to die upon detonation (see suicide). ... The Himalayas in Sikkim North-East India is the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States and the state of Sikkim. ... Shah Rukh Khan (Hindi: शाहरुख़ ख़ान, Urdu: شاه ,خ خان), pronunciation: , born November 2, 1965, is a highly boring Bollywood actor, producer, and host of the popular game show, Kaun Banega Crorepati. ... Manisha Koirala from the movie Mumbai Express Manisha Koirala, also known as Manya or Manu, is a Bollywood actress. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... In Bollywood, Zameen is the title of a movie. ... Hijackers inside flightdeck of TWA Flight 847 Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ... Indian Airlines Flight 814 (abbreviated IC-814) was a flight that flew from Kathmandu, Nepals Tribhuvan International Airport to Delhi, Indias Indira Gandhi International Airport. ...

• The Kashmir Question: Retrospect and Prospect — by Sumit Ganguly
• South Asia in the World: Problem solving perspectives on security, sustainable development, and good governance — by Oddny Wiggen and Ramesh Chandra Thakur
• Kashmir: Beyond the vale -- by M J Akbar

References

1. ^ Kashmir insurgency Timeline.
2. ^ ^{a b} Facts on Kashmiri Terrorism.
3. ^ Information regarding militants international links.
4. ^ Information on the terroist camps in Pakistan.
5. ^ ^{a b} The surrogate war in Kashmir.
6. ^ [1], [2], [3] Multiple sources for the number of Indian counter-insurgency troops in the region
7. ^ List of terrorist organisations.
8. ^ Info regarding UJC and its members.
9. ^ Article on Indian Parliament Attack.
10. ^ IC 814 Hijacking.
11. ^ Where Some British Extremists Go On Holiday.
12. ^ ^{a b} Introduction to Kashmir conflict.
13. ^ Dawn, pakistan
14. ^ Terrorism Havens: Pakistan - Council on Foreign Relations
15. ^ [4], Indian armyman killed during infiltration bid - Press Trust of India report quoted in different media.
16. ^ Crack down on ultras, UN tells Pak
17. ^ "Directorate for ISI" article on FAS, Intelligence Resource Program.
18. ^ Information regarding links between ISI and militants.
19. ^ Kashmir militants are a danger to world peace by Richard M Bennett
20. ^ ^{a b} July 22, 2005 edition of the Hindustan Times newspaper - report by journalist Nilova Roy Chaudhury.
21. ^ Back to Camp-Dawn July 2005
22. ^ FBI has images of terror camp in Pak
23. ^ Kashmir’s new headache: Hindu militants.
24. ^ Alexander Evans, A departure from history: Kashmiri Pandits, 1990–2001, Contemporary South Asia (Volume 11, Number 1, 1 March 2002, pp. 19-37)
25. ^ Wandhama Massacre report.
26. ^ Sangrampora killings.
27. ^ Dugger, Celia. "Pakistan Asks India to Revive Talks Aimed at Bringing Peace to Kashmir", The New York Times, 2001, October 9. 
28. ^ ^{a b} Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: India.
29. ^ 20 July 2005 Srinagar attack.
30. ^ July 29 attack in Srinagar.
31. ^ Nabi Lone's assassination.
32. ^ Massacre of 35 Hindus in Doda and Udhampur districts of Jammu.
33. ^ Terror in Jammu, Anantnag.
34. ^ VII. Violations by Terrorists Organizations. Human Rights Watch/Asia: India: India's Secret Army in Kashmir, New Patterns of Abuse Emerge in the Conflict. Human Rights Watch (May 1996). Retrieved on 2007-02-09.
35. ^ `Cross-border terrorism has not ended' The Hindu - June 14, 2003
36. ^ Catering to a larger audience by Shubhra Gupta. The Hindu Business Line

Manoj Joshi, Lost Rebellion: Kashmir in the Nineties (New Delhi, Penguin Books, 1999) The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an influential and independent, nonpartisan foreign policy membership organization founded in 1921 and based at 58 East 68th Street (corner Park Avenue) in New York City, with an additional office in Washington, D.C. Through its membership, meetings, and studies, it has been... Press Trust of India is a nonprofit cooperative among the Indian newspapers. ... Dawn is Pakistans oldest and most widely-read English-language newspaper. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Hindu is a leading English-language newspaper in India, with its largest base of circulation in south India. ... Manoj Joshi is an Indian journalist and author. ...

Bibliography

1. ^  BBC Timeline on Kashmir conflict.
2. ^  Lashkar-e-toiba's profile
3. ^  List of terrorist attacks in Kashmir
4. ^  Article on Nadimarg killings
5. ^  Amarnath killings report
6. ^  Plight of Kashmiri Pundits
7. ^  Schofield, Victoria. 'Kashmir: The origins of the dispute', BBC News UK Edition (January 16, 2002) Retrieved May 20, 2005
8. ^  HT story - Kashmiri militants warn against return of Pandits

January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Related articles

• Kashmir
• Terrorism in India
• Islamic terrorism
• Terrorism in Pakistan
• Indo-Pakistani Wars
• Kargil War or the Indo-Pakistani War of 1999
• LOC Kargil, a 2003 Bollywood war film based on "Kargil War" or the "Indo-Pakistani War of 1999", directed by J.P.Dutta
• All Parties Hurriyat Conference
• List of topics on the land and the people of “Jammu and Kashmir”

Militant groups

• Lashkar-e-Toiba
• Jaish-e-Mohammed
• Hizbul Mujahideen
• Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
• Al-Qaeda

Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Islamist terrorism, sometimes called Islamic terrorism, is terrorism that is carried out to further the political and religious ambitions of a segment of the Muslim community. ... Terrorism in Pakistan has been prevalent since the 1980s following the breakup of the nation into modern Pakistan and Bangladesh in the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Since both nations achieved independence in August 1947, there have been three major wars and one minor war between India and Pakistan. ... Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357–4,000+ killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POWs. ... LOC Kargil is a 2003 Bollywood war film based on the Kargil War. ... The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of the number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 alone). ... The war film is a film genre that has to do with warfare, usually focusing on naval, air, or land battles, but sometimes focusing instead on prisoners of war, covert operations, military training, or other related subjects. ... Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357–4,000+ killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POWs. ... ... The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed by the alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. ... This is the List of topics on the land and the people of “Jammu and Kashmir”: Kashmir region Kashmir (disambiguation) Kashmir (song) - Signature song from album Physical Graffiti by band Led Zeppelin Kashmiri literature Kashmiri music History of Jammu and Kashmir - History post partition is covered on this page. ... Lashkar-e-Toiba (Urdu: لشكرِ طيبه laÅ¡kar-Ä• ṯaiyyiba, literally The Army of Pure, also transliterated as Lashkar-i-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba or Lashkar-i-Toiba) is one of the largest and most active Islamic terrorist organizations in South Asia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Mohammads Army. ... The Hizbul Mujahideen (حزب المجاھدین) (created 1989) is a militant group active in Kashmir. ... Harkat-ul-Mujahideen is a Pakistani-Kashmiri guerrilla group. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ...

External links

• Foundation against Continuing terrorism
• Jammu and Kashmir Govt. official website
• Kashmir Newz , news and content provider from Kashmir
• Death in Kashmir
• Indian report on Proxy-War being carried out by Islamabad
• A Pakistani site supporting Kashmiri terrorism
• The Kashmir Dispute
• Ignore Musharraf, we are winning in J&K - Public Affairs Magazine
• Video Documentary on the Kashmiri Pandit Situation
• Conflict in Kashmir: Selected Internet Resources by the Library, University of California, Berkeley, USA; University of California at Berkeley Library Bibliographies and Web-Bibliographies list