| State of Texas | | | | Official language(s) | No official language
See languages of Texas | | Demonym | Texan | | Capital | Austin | | Largest city | Houston | | Largest metro area | Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington[1] | | Area | Ranked 2nd in the US | | - Total | 268,820[2] sq mi
(696,241 km²) | | - Width | 773[3] miles (1,244 km) | | - Length | 790 miles (1,270 km) | | - % water | 2.5 | | - Latitude | 25° 50′ N to 36° 30′ N | | - Longitude | 93° 31′ W to 106° 39′ W | | Population | Ranked 2nd in the US | | - Total | 20,851,820 | | - Density | 79.6[4]/sq mi
30.75/km² (28th in the US) | | Elevation | | | - Highest point | Guadalupe Peak[5]
8,749 ft (2,667 m) | | - Mean | 1,700 ft (520 m) | | - Lowest point | Gulf of Mexico coast[5]
0 ft (0 m) | | Admission to Union | December 29, 1845 (28th) | | Governor | Rick Perry (R) | | Lieutenant Governor | David Dewhurst (R) | | U.S. Senators | Kay Bailey Hutchison (R)
John Cornyn (R) | | Congressional Delegation | List | | Time zones | | | - most of state | Central: UTC-6/-5 | | - tip of West Texas | Mountain: UTC-7/-6 | | Abbreviations | TX Tex. US-TX | | Website | www.texas.gov |
 Map of Texas, showing major cities and roads Texas (IPA: /ˈtɛksəs/) is a state geographically located in the South Central United States. Texas is known as the Lone Star State. Austin is the state capital. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, with an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km²) and a growing population of 23.9 million. Houston is the state's largest city. The Dallas/Fort Worth area is the largest metropolitan statistical area. Texas is a state of the United States of America, formerly the Republic of Texas. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Texas. ...
Flag of Texas The flag of Texas is defined by law as follows: The flag is known as the Lone Star Flag (giving Texas its nickname of the Lone Star State). This flag was introduced to the Congress of the Republic of Texas on December 28, 1838, by Senator William...
The Seal of the Great State of Texas. ...
This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ...
Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ...
For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
Image File history File links Previous_flag_of_Texas. ...
Image File history File links Map_of_USA_TX.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Texas ...
The United States does not have an official language, but English is spoken by about 82% of the population as a native language. ...
Of the languages spoken in Texas none has been designated the official language, although at various points in its history English, Spanish, and French have all been the primary dominant language used by government officials. ...
A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ...
State nickname: Lone Star State Other U.S. States Capital Austin Largest city Houston Governor Rick Perry Official languages None Area 696,241 km² (2nd) - Land 678,907 km² - Water 17,333 km² (2. ...
Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ...
Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. ...
Houston redirects here. ...
In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ...
The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area, a title designated by the U.S. Census as of 2003, encompasses 12 counties within the U.S. state of Texas. ...
This article is about the physical quantity. ...
This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ...
“km†redirects here. ...
Map of states populations (2007) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2007, according to the 2007 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ...
Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ...
This is a list of United States states by elevation. ...
Guadalupe Peak is the highest point in Texas. ...
Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ...
The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ...
is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ...
James Richard Perry (b. ...
This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. ...
Texas Lt. ...
Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States...
Kathryn Ann Bailey Hutchison, usually known as Kay Bailey Hutchison (born July 22, 1943, in Galveston, Texas), is the senior United States Senator from Texas. ...
John Cornyn III (born February 2, 1952) is the junior United States Senator from Texas. ...
Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...
These are tables of congressional delegations from Texas to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ...
Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ...
CST or UTC-6 The Central Standard Time Zone (CST) is a geographic region in the Americas that keeps time by subtracting six hours from UTC (UTC-6). ...
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Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ...
West Texas is a region in Texas that has more in common geographically with the Southwestern United States than it does with the rest of the state. ...
MST is UTC-7 The Mountain Standard Time Zone (MST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC-7. ...
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Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ...
The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ...
U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ...
ISO 3166-2 codes for the United States of America cover 50 states, 1 district, 6 outlying areas (including 9 minor outlying islands under separate ISO 3166-1 country code UM). ...
A website (alternatively, web site or Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible via the Internet. ...
File links The following pages link to this file: Texas Categories: National Atlas images | Texas maps ...
File links The following pages link to this file: Texas Categories: National Atlas images | Texas maps ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of...
Red states show the core of the South Central, states shown as pink may or may not be included in the South Central, and thus their inclusion or exclusion varies from source to source. ...
Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. ...
In countries with federal constitutions divided into subnational entities known as states, the state capital is the administrative center of a state. ...
Houston redirects here. ...
The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area, a title designated by the U.S. Census as of 2003, encompasses 12 counties within the U.S. state of Texas. ...
In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas, which are organized around county boundaries. ...
Traveling from east to west, the landscape of Texas gradually evolves from that of the Deep South into that of the desert Southwest, going from piney woods to semi-forests of oak and cross timbers, into rolling plains and prairie, then finally to desert in the Big Bend. These wide open spaces of the Texas prairie have lent currency to the phrase that "everything is bigger in Texas".[6] Due to its long history as a center of the American cattle industry, Texas is associated throughout much of the world with the image of the cowboy. The geography of Texas covers a wide and far reaching scope. ...
The states in dark red comprise the Deep South. ...
The Southwest could be defined as the states south, or for the most part west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit, such as the 37, or 38, or 39, or 40 degree north line. ...
The Piney Woods viewed from Loop 390 outside of Marshall, Texas The Piney Woods is a terrestrial ecoregion in the Southern United States covering 54,400 mi² (140,900 km²) of East Texas, Southern Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Southeastern Oklahoma. ...
The Cross Timbers is a savanna on the southern Great Plains running from southeastern Kansas, across central Oklahoma, into central Texas. ...
For other uses, see Prairie (disambiguation). ...
This article is about arid terrain. ...
Casa Grande is a prominent peak in the Chisos Mountains of the Big Bend area of west Texas. ...
For other uses, see Cowboy (disambiguation). ...
Historically and culturally, partly due to settlement patterns and its membership in the Confederacy, Texas has close ties to the American South. However, having once been both a Spanish and Mexican possession, it can also be classified as a Southwestern state. While residents acknowledge these categories, many claim an independent "Texan" identity superseding regional labels. The history of Texas (as part of the United States) began in 1845, but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period, around 10,000 BC. Its history has been shaped by being part of six independent countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of...
This article should appear in one or more categories. ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) States that seceded under CSA control States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia...
Historic Southern United States. ...
The Southwest could be defined as the states south, or for the most part west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit, such as the 37, or 38, or 39, or 40 degree north line. ...
Spain was the first European country to claim Texas. In 1836 it became the independent Republic of Texas. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state. Texas is the only state to enter the United States by treaty instead of territorial annexation.[7] The state's annexation was part of a chain of events that led to the Mexican-American War and the U.S. Civil War. The discovery of oil in the early 1900s led to an economic boom in the state. It has become economically diversified with a growing base in high technology. For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. ...
Ceremonies during the annexation of Hawaii. ...
Republic of Texas The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States of America as Texas, the 28th state. ...
The battle of Fort Sumter was the first stage in a conflict that had been brewing for decades. ...
Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 25,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 AWOL: 9,200+ 25,000...
The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as the U.S., the Union, the North, or the Yankees; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as the Confederate States of America, the CSA, the Confederacy...
Spindletop is a salt dome oil field located in south Beaumont, Texas (approx. ...
The economy of Texas is a dominant force in the economy of the United States. ...
Etymology The state's name derives from táyshaʔ, a word in the Caddoan language of the Hasinai, which means "friends" or "allies".[2][8][9] The word "Texas" has been incorporated into American English vernacular in many ways. Due to the state's large geographic size, the term "Texas-sized" is a metaphor for "big".[10][11] The state's name is used in brands such as Texas Roadhouse and Texas Instruments. The abbreviated form of "Texas", "Tex", is used as a nickname for someone born and/or raised in the state, such as country music singer Tex Ritter. "Tex" is also a prefix for Texas related words including Tex-Mex or the restaurant chain, Texadelphia. The nickname, The Lone Star State, comes from the single star of the former Republic of Texas.[12] Texas lethal injection File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Texas lethal injection File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. ...
The Hasinai were a confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans. ...
For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ...
Look up Vernacular in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about metaphor in literature and rhetoric. ...
Texas Roadhouse is a chain restaurant that specializes in steaks and promotes a western theme. ...
Texas Instruments (NYSE: TXN), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA, renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor and computer technology. ...
TeX (IPA: as in Greek, often in English; written with a lowercase e in imitation of the logo) is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ...
// A nickname is a name of an entity or thing that is not its proper name. ...
Tex Ritter Tex Ritter (January 12, 1905 – January 2, 1974) was an American country singer and actor. ...
A prefix is the initial portion of some object or term (typically in text or speech) with a distinct and he base semantics for a word. ...
Tejano is also the name of Texans of Spanish origin. ...
Texadelphia is a chain of more than thirty restaurants specializing in unique cheesesteaks. ...
For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
History -
The history of Texas (as part of the United States) began in 1845, but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period, around 10,000 BC. Its history has been shaped by being part of six independent countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1293x204, 22 KB)Display of the Six flags over Texas at the Texas State History Museum, Austin, Texas. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1293x204, 22 KB)Display of the Six flags over Texas at the Texas State History Museum, Austin, Texas. ...
This article is about the theme park. ...
Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. ...
The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ...
Fleurs-de-lys on the flag of Quebec The fleur-de-lis (also spelled fleur-de-lys; plural fleurs-de-lis or -lys) is used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the France monarchy (see King of France). ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) States that seceded under CSA control States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia...
For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic - President George W. Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized...
Colonization -
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, creator of the first map of the northern Gulf Coast, made the first documented European sighting of Texas in 1519.[14][15] On 6 November 1528, shipwrecked Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca became the first known European in Texas.[16] Texas was claimed as part of New Spain but was not settled immediately.[17] In 1685 La Salle established the first European community in Texas, the French colony of Fort Saint Louis.[18] The colony, located along Matagorda Bay, lasted only four years before succumbing to harsh conditions and hostile natives.[19] Image File history File links This image, including all photography and graphics used in it, was taken and created by myself, Shem Daimwood. ...
The history of Texas (as part of the United States) began in 1845, but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period, around 10,000 BC. Its history has been shaped by being part of six independent countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of...
Spanish Texas is the name given by Texas history scholars to the period between 1690 and 1821 when Texas was goverened as a province of the Spanish colony of New Spain. ...
The province of Coahuila and Texas in 1833, showing the major land grants Mexican Texas is the given name by Texas history scholars to the period between 1821 and 1836, when Texas was governed by Mexico. ...
For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
Texas seceded from the United States on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States of America on March 2, 1861, replacing its governor, Sam Houston, when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. ...
Spanish Texas is the name given by Texas history scholars to the period between 1690 and 1821 when Texas was goverened as a province of the Spanish colony of New Spain. ...
The province of Coahuila and Texas in 1833, showing the major land grants Mexican Texas is the given name by Texas history scholars to the period between 1821 and 1836, when Texas was governed by Mexico. ...
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda (1494 - 1519) was a Spanish explorer and cartographer. ...
The Gulf of Mexico is a major body of water bordered and nearly landlocked by North America. ...
is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ...
A Conquistador (Spanish: []) (English: Conqueror) was a Spanish soldier, explorer and adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion and conquering of much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. ...
Ãlvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (c. ...
map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ...
La Salle can refer to: Lasalles invariance principle - a concept in control theory LaSalle automobile La Salle Records LaSalle Bank USS La Salle (AGF-3) USS La Salle (AP-102) Geography LaSalle, Ontario LaSalle, Quebec, borough of Montreal La Salle, Vosges, France La Salle, Italy La Salle, Colorado La...
The European peoples are the various nations and ethnic groups of Europe. ...
Fort Saint Louis was a frontier fort built in 1685 by French exporer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle near what is now Inez, Texas. ...
Matagorda Bay is a large bay on the Texas coast, located between Calhoun and Matagorda counties. ...
Due to the perceived French encroachment, Spain established its first presence in Texas in 1691 constructing of missions in East Texas.[20] The missions failed quickly, and Spain did not resettle Texas until two decades had passed.[21] Spain returned to East Texas in 1716, establishing missions and a presidio to maintain a buffer between New Spain and the territory of Louisiana.[22][23] Two years later, the first civilian settlement in Texas, San Antonio, was established as a way station between the missions and the rest of New Spain.[24] The Spanish Missions in Texas comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. ...
Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ...
Presidio is a place in the State of Texas in the United States of America: see Presidio, Texas. ...
map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ...
San Antonio redirects here. ...
Fear of attacks from native tribes and remoteness from New Spain discouraged settlers from moving to Texas; it remained one of New Spain's least populated provinces.[25] San Antonio was a target for raids by the Lipan Apache.[26] In 1749, the Spanish signed a peace treaty with the Apache,[27] which angered the enemies of the Apache and resulted in raids by the Comanche, Tonkawa, and Hasinai tribes.[28] The Comanche signed a treaty with Spain in 1785[29] and later assisted in defeating the Lipan Apache and Karankawa tribes which had continued to cause difficulties for Spanish settlers.[30][31] An increased number of missions in the province allowed for a peaceful conversion of other tribes, and by the end of the 1700s only a few nomadic tribes had not been "Christianized".[32] Lipan Apache are also known as Nde buffalo hunters, called by anthropologists and historians for many years as Eastern Apache, Apache de los Llanos, Lipan, Ipande, and other names. ...
For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). ...
Seal of the Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma Tonkawa The Tonkawa are a people native to central Texas, speaking the Tonkawa language. ...
The Hasinai were a confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans. ...
Karankawa A group of Native American peoples, now extinct, known collectively as the Karankawa (also Karankawan, Clamcoëhs, and called in their language Auia), played a pivotal part in early Texas history. ...
Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ...
St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once, also includes the practice of converting pagan practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar...
The Louisiana Purchase by the United States from Napoleon led to a border dispute over Texas.[33] U.S. President Thomas Jefferson insisted that the purchase included land to the east of the Rocky Mountains and to the north of the Rio Grande.[34] The dispute was resolved in 1819, with the signing of the Adams-Onís Treaty recognizing the Sabine River as Texas's eastern boundary.[35] The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane) was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,000 square miles (2,140,000 km²) of French territory (Louisiana) in 1803. ...
For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...
A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession/control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power. ...
Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ...
For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ...
“RÃo Bravo†redirects here. ...
Map showing results of the Adams-OnÃs Treaty. ...
The Sabine River is shown highlighted, along with the Neches River The Sabine River is a river, 555 miles (893 km) long, in the U.S. states of Texas and Louisiana. ...
In 1821, the state became a province of Mexico after the Mexican War of Independence.[36] Texas became the northern section of Coahuila y Tejas in 1824. Spain's policy of allowing only full-blooded Spaniards to settle Texas also ended with Mexico's independence. On 3 January 1823, Stephen F. Austin began a colony of 297 Anglo-American families known as the "Old Three Hundred" along the Brazos River, after he was authorized to do so by Governor Antonio María Martínez.[37] By 1830, the 30,000 Anglo settlers in Texas outnumbered Tejanos six to one.[38] Stephen F. Austin Image taken from http://www. ...
Stephen F. Austin Image taken from http://www. ...
Stephen F. Austin Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836), known as the Father of Texas led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by the United States. ...
Combatants Mexico Spain Commanders Miguel Hidalgo José MarÃa Morelos Vicente Guerrero Spanish colonial authorities Strength ? ? Casualties ? ? Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 16, 1810. ...
Coahuila y Tejas (or Coahuila and Texas) was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution. ...
is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Stephen F. Austin Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836), known as the Father of Texas led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by the United States. ...
The Old Three Hundred is a term used to describe the 297 grantees, made up of families and some partnerships of unmarried men, who purchased 307 parcels of land from Stephen Fuller Austin and established a colony in south Texas, along the Texas gulf coast area between the [Colorado River...
The Brazos River, originally called, the Rio Brazos de Dios which can be translated as The River of Gods Arms. is the 11th longest river in the United States at 2060 km (1280 miles) from its source of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico[1] to its mouth at...
Antonio MarÃa MartÃnez (?-1823) was a colonel in the infantry regiment of Zamora and the last governor of Spanish Texas. ...
Tejano is also the name of Texans of Spanish origin. ...
Independence -
The Convention of 1832 and the Convention of 1833 were responses to rising unrest at policies of the Mexican government. Delegates feared the end of duty-free imports from the United States and the threat of ending slavery.[39] In 1835, Antonio López de Santa Anna, President of Mexico, created a unified constitution for Mexico.[39] The new constitution, imposed a central style of government with power concentrated in the President, and turned states into provinces with governors appointed from Mexico City. States around Mexico rebelled against this imposition, including Chihuahua, Zacatecas and Yucatan. Centralista forces' suppression of dissidents in Zacatecas also inspired fear of the Mexican government.[40] Texans also resented policies such as, the forcible disarmament of settlers, and the expulsion of immigrants and legal landowners originally from the United States. Combatants Texas Mexico Commanders Stephen F. Austin Sam Houston Antonio López de Santa Anna Martin Perfecto de Cos Strength c. ...
For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
In 1832, fifty-five delegates met at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes within Coahuila y Texas with the goal of taking care of Texas first. ...
The Convention of 1833 was a gathering of politicans and leaders of the state of Coahuila y Tejas (then part of Mexico) in San Felipe on April 1, 1833. ...
This article is about a tax measure. ...
Antonio de Padua MarÃa Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (February 21, 1794 – June 21, 1876), often known as Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government, first fighting against the independence from Spain...
Mexicos so-called 1835 Constitution was not a formal, fully-fledged constitution, but two documents that amended the 1824 Constitution in a way that substantially changed the character of Mexican government: the Siete Leyes (Seven Laws) of 1835 and the 1836 Constitution Laws. ...
THEY SUC |native_name = |nickname = Lady of the Desert |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = Mexico stateflags Chihuahua. ...
This article is about a state of Mexico. ...
The Yucatán Peninsula separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. ...
This article is about a state of Mexico. ...
 Republic of Texas. The present-day outlines of the U.S. states are superimposed on the boundaries of 1836–1845 On 2 March 1836, the Convention of 1836 signed a Declaration of Independence.[41][42] On 21 April 1836, the Texans—led by General Sam Houston—won their independence at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna's capture led to the Treaties of Velasco, which gave Texas firm boundaries. Mexico repudiated the treaties, considered Texas a breakaway province, and vowed to reconquer it. Later in 1836, the Texans adopted a constitution that formally legalized slavery. The Republic of Texas included the area of the present state of Texas, and additional unoccupied territory to the west and northwest.[40] is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
The Convention of 1836 was a meeting of elected delegates in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, then part of Mexico, at which was adopted the Texas Declaration of Independence. ...
The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. ...
is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
For other persons named Sam Houston, see Sam Houston (disambiguation). ...
Combatants Mexico Republic of Texas Commanders Antonio López de Santa Anna{POW} Manuel Fernandez Castrillon†Juan Almonte{POW} Sam Houston{wounded} Strength about 1,400 800 Casualties 630 killed, 208 wounded, 730 captured 9 killed, 26 wounded For other battles of the same name, see San Jacinto. ...
The Treaties of Velasco were two treaties signed at Velasco, Texas, on 14 May 1836 between Antonio López de Santa Anna of Mexico and the Republic of Texas, in the aftermath of the Battle of San Jacinto (21 April 1836). ...
For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ...
Statehood -
Most Texans wanted their Republic to be annexed into the United States because of the Republic's defensive and financial difficulties. Events such as the Dawson Massacre and two recaptures of Béxar in Texas of 1842 added momentum to the desire for statehood.[43] However, strong Northern opposition to adding another slave state blocked Texas's admission until pro-annexation James K. Polk won the election of 1844. On 29 December 1845, Texas was admitted to the U.S. as a constituent state of the Union.[44] The Mexican–American War followed, with decisive victories by the U.S.[45] Texas's boundaries were set at their present form after the Compromise of 1850. Land which included most of present day Arizona and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado, Oklahoma, and Wyoming, was ceded for the federal government's assumption of $10 million of the old republic's debt.[46] Republic of Texas The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States of America as Texas, the 28th state. ...
Republic of Texas The Texas Annexation of 1845 was the voluntary annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States of America as Texas, the 28th state. ...
The Dawson Massacre was an event in the history of the Republic of Texas, in which thirty-six Texans were killed by 400-500 Mexican soldiers with cannon at the Battle of Salado Creek outside San Antonio, Texas on September 18, 1842. ...
The free and slave states as of 1861, with free states in blue and slave states in red. ...
This article is about the U.S. President. ...
The United States presidential election of 1844 saw Democrat James Knox Polk defeat Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on foreign policy, with Polk favoring the annexation of Texas and Clay opposed. ...
is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of...
Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 18,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 25,000 killed or wounded...
Henry Clay takes the floor of the Old Senate Chamber; Millard Fillmore presides as Calhoun and Webster look on. ...
Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...
Official language(s) None Spoken language(s) English 68. ...
Official language(s) English Demonym Coloradan Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area Ranked 8th in the US - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ...
For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ...
Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area Ranked 10th - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²) - Width 280 miles (450 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 0. ...
Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state.[47] German immigrants started to arrive in the early 1840s because of economic, social and political conditions in their states. In 1842, German nobles organized the Adelsverein, banding together to buy land in central Texas to enable German settlement. The Revolutions of 1848 acted as another catalyst for so many immigrants that they became known as the "48ers". Many were educated artisans and businessmen. Germans continued to arrive in considerable numbers until 1890.[48] With their investments in cotton cultivation, Texas planters imported enslaved blacks. They established plantations mostly in the eastern part of the state. The central area was settled more by subsistence farmers. By 1860, the population of Texas totaled 604,215 and was 30 percent enslaved African Americans.[49] Germany at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 38 states loosely bound together in the German Confederation. ...
Civil War, Reconstruction and disfranchisement -
On 1 February 1861, elected delegates met in convention and authorized secession from the United States, which voters later approved in state-wide referendum. The state was accepted as a charter member of the Confederate States of America on 1 March 1861.[50][2] During the American Civil War Texas was a "supply state" for the Confederate forces, due to its distance from the front lines, contributing men, especially cavalry. Texan regiments fought in every major battle throughout the war.[51] Texas was cut off from the rest of the Confederacy mid-1863, when the Union capture of the Mississippi River made large movements of men or cattle impossible. The last battle of the Civil War was fought in Texas, at Palmito Ranch, on 13 May 1865.[52] Texas seceded from the United States on February 1, 1861, and joined the Confederate States of America on March 2, 1861, replacing its governor, Sam Houston, when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. ...
Galveston redirects here. ...
is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
For other uses, see Secession (disambiguation). ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) States that seceded under CSA control States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia...
is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ...
Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Theodore H. Barrett John Rip Ford Strength Detachments from the: 62nd U.S. Colored Infantry Regiment, 2nd Texas Cavalry Regiment, 34th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Detachments from: Gidding’s Regiment, Anderson’s Battalion of Cavalry, and other Confederate units and Southern...
is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1865 (MDCCLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Texas descended into anarchy two months between the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia and the assumption of authority by Union General Gordon Granger. Violence also marked the early months of Reconstruction, as people paid off old grudges and struggled for power.[53] Juneteenth commemorates the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation on 19 June 1865 in Galveston by General Gordon Granger, over 2-1/2 years after the original announcement.[54] [55] President Johnson, on 20 August 1866, declared that civilian government had been restored to Texas.[56] Despite not meeting reconstruction requirements, on 30 March 1870 the Congress readmitted Texas into the Union.[57] Social volatility continued as Texas struggled with agricultural depression and labor issues. Belligerents United States (Union) CSA (Confederacy) Commanders Ulysses S. Grant Robert Edward Lee # Strength Army of the Potomac, Army of the James Army of Northern Virginia Casualties and losses 164[1] ~500 killed and wounded[1] 27,805 surrendered and paroled The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse (April 9, 1865) was...
The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War in the eastern theater. ...
Gordon Granger (November 6, 1822 – January 10, 1876) was a Union Major General during American Civil War. ...
For other uses, see Reconstruction (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Juneteenth (disambiguation). ...
Wikisource has original text related to this article: Emancipation Proclamation Reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. ...
is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1865 (MDCCLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...
For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...
Like other Southern states, by the late 1870s white Democrats regained control, often with a mix of intimidation and terrorism. They passed a new constitution in 1876 that segregated schools and established a poll tax to support them, but it was not originally required for voting.[58] In 1901 the legislature passed a poll tax as a prerequisite for voter registration. Given the economic difficulties of the times, the poll tax caused participation by poor whites, African Americans and Mexican Americans to drop sharply. By the early 20th century, the Democratic Party in Texas started using a "white primary", which the state legislature authorized in 1923.[54] Since the Democratic Party dominated the state after 1900 for decades, the "white primary" provision reduced what little minority participation there was as the primaries were the true competit
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