NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Third Russian Revolution

Left Wing Rebellions Against the Bolsheviks, called by Anarchists, and Left as The Third Russian Revolution^[1], Russian Revolution of 1918^[2], or the July Revolution 1918^{[citation needed]}, were a series of unsuccessful rebellions and uprisings against the Bolsheviks led or supported by nominally^{[citation needed]} socialist parties including Socialist Revolutionaries, Left Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and also anarchists. Some were in support of the White Movement^{[citation needed]} while some tried to be an independent force. The uprisings started in 1918 and continued through the Russian Civil War and after until 1922. In response the Bolsheviks increasingly abandoned attempts to get these groups to join the government and suppressed them with force. The rebellions and their suppression led to a one party state. Image File history File linksMetadata 1917PartiyaSoz-Rev. ... Image File history File linksMetadata 1917PartiyaSoz-Rev. ... Socialist-Revolutionary election poster, 1917. ... Anarchists can refer to several things, among which: The movie Anarchists Supporters of the principles of anarchism The Anarchists (Les Anarchistes), a famous song from LÃ©o FerrÃ© A List of anarchists This is a disambiguation pageâ€”a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Left wing redirects here. ... Look up rebellion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Uprising is another word for rebellion. ... This article is about the Bolshevik faction in the RSDLP 1903-1912. ... Socialist-Revolutionary election poster, 1917. ... In 1917, Russia the Socialist-Revolutionary Party split between those who supported the Provisional Government, established after the February revolution, and those who supported the Bolsheviks who favoured a communist insurrection. ... Leaders of the Menshevik Party at Norra Bantorget in Stockholm, Sweden, May 1917. ... Anarchists can refer to several things, among which: The movie Anarchists Supporters of the principles of anarchism The Anarchists (Les Anarchistes), a famous song from LÃ©o FerrÃ© A List of anarchists This is a disambiguation pageâ€”a list of articles associated with the same title. ... White Army redirects here. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Combatants Local Soviet powers led by Russian SFSR and Red Army Chinese mercenaries White Movement Central Powers (1917-1918): Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire German Empire Allied Intervention: (1918-1922) Japan Czechoslovakia Greece United States Canada Serbia Romania UK France Foreign volunteers: Polish Italian Local nationalist movements, national states, and decentralist... A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. ...

Background, October Revolution, Coalition Bolshevik-Left SR Government, and First Revolt of Civil War

Previously, the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionary Party had supported the continuation of World War I by the Provisional Government after the February Revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks called the war an interimperialist war and called for the revolutionary defeat of their own imperialist government. In the July Days of 1917, the Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionary parties supported suppression of the Bolsheviks. Leaders of the Menshevik Party at Norra Bantorget in Stockholm, Sweden, May 1917. ... The Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SRs, or Essaires; Партия социалистов-революционеров (ПСР), эсеры in Russian) were a Russian political party active in the early 20th century. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Imperialism is the policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. ... The July Days took place between July 4 and 7 July in 1917 in Russia when sailors and industrial workers of Petrograd rioted against the Russian Provisional Government. ...

The Bolshevik Party came to power in the October Counter-Revolution of November 1917 through simultaneous election in the soviets and an organized uprising supported by military mutiny. Several of the main reasons the population supported the Bolsheviks were to end the war and have a social revolution, exemplified by the slogan "Peace, Land, Bread". The Bolsheviks invited left SRs and Martov's Menshevik Internationalists to join the government. The Mensheviks and Right SRs walked out. The majority of SRs split to form the Left SRs (1, p111) and joined the Bolshevik coalition government, supporting the Bolsheviks immediate enactment of the Socialist Revolutionary Party's land redistribution program. The Left SRs were given four Commissar positions and held high posts within the Cheka. The Left SRs still diverged with the Bolsheviks on the issue of the war. Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... For other uses, see October Revolution (disambiguation). ... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ... Soviet redirects here. ... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ...

The only party banned at first was the pogromist Union of the Russian People, generally known as "The Black Hundreds". Pogrom (from Russian: ; from Ð³Ñ€Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‚ÑŒ IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centres. ... The Union of the Russian People (Союз Русского Народа) was a black-hundredist counterrevolutionary organization in Russia, formed in October of 1905 in St. ... The Union of the Russian People (Союз Русского Народа) was a black-hundredist Russia, formed in October of 1905 in St. ...

The tsarist general Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin immediately started a rebellion of the Don Cossacks. This was the beginning of the Russian Civil War and White Movement. Fourteen of the biggest imperialist countries sent troops to help the whites. The Civil War led to the deaths of nearly ten million people, and the Bolsheviks were willing to use whatever means necessary to win as fast as possible including the use of Red Terror. They viewed rebellions started during the civil war as helping the Whites, both because they would fight against the Bolsheviks at the same time the Whites were, and because most forces trying to be independent of the whites failed to do so and led to the Whites taking over their areas. Also spelled Czarism, a system of government ruled by a Tsar, an autocratic ruler with broad powers. ... General Kaledin Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin (Russian:ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐ¹ ÐœÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÐ°Ð»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½)(October 1861-January 29, 1918), was the leader of the Cossack counterrevolution in the Don region from 1917 to 1918, and a Cavalry General. ... Don Cossacks refers to cossacks that settled along the Don River, Russia it its lower and middle parts. ... Imperialism is the policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct territorial or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries. ... For other uses, see Red Terror (disambiguation). ...

Kaledin was supported by the Kadets, SRs, and some Mensheviks. The Bolsheviks banned the Kadets as enemies of the people, calling to arrest "the political leaders of the counterrevolutionary civil war".(1, p 113) The Bolsheviks were still trying to negotiate with SRs and Mensheviks at this point and they were not banned. For the play by Henrik Ibsen, see An Enemy of the People. ...

Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, Early Constituent Assembly Rebellions

The Constituent Assembly had been a demand of the Bolsheviks against the Provisional Government, which kept delaying it. After the October Revolution the elections were run by the body appointed by the previous Provisional Government. It was based on universal suffrage, but used party lists from before the Left-Right SR split. The anti-soviet Right SRs took the majority of the seats but this reflected the opposite of reality: the majority of SRs and the people were pro-soviet(1, 111-112). Lenin's Theses on the Constituent Assembly argued in Pravda that because of class conflicts, conflicts with Ukraine, and with the Kadet-Kaledin uprising formal democracy was impossible. He argued the Constituent Assembly must unconditionally accept sovereignty of the soviet government or it would be dealt with "by revolutionary means".(1, 113-115) For other uses, see Pravda (disambiguation). ...

On December 30, 1917 the SR Avxentiev and some followers were arrested for organizing a conspiracy. This was the first time Bolsheviks used this kind of repression against a socialist party. Isvestiya said the arrest was not related to his membership in the Constituent Assembly. (1,115) is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ...

On January 4, 1918 the VTsIK made a resolution saying the slogan "all power to the constituent assembly" was counterrevolutionary and equivalent to "down with the soviets".(1,115-116) is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The term Central Executive Committee refers to governing bodies with executive power of various parties and governments. ...

The Constituent Assembly met on January 18, 1918. The Right SR Chernov was elected president defeating the Bolshevik supported candidate, the Left SR Maria Spiridonova. The majority refused to accept sovereignty of the Soviet government, and in response the Bolsheviks and Left SRs walked out. It was dispersed by a single armed sailor.(1,118-120) Maria Spiridonova (October 16, 1884, Tambov â€“ September 11, 1941, Medvedevsky Forest near Oryol) was a figure in Russian revolutionary circles at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Image File history File links Viktor_Chernov_(1873-1952),_Russian_revolutionary_(small). ... Image File history File links Viktor_Chernov_(1873-1952),_Russian_revolutionary_(small). ... Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov (1873 â€“ 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and a founder of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1901/1902. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Maria Spiridonova (October 16, 1884, Tambov â€“ September 11, 1941, Medvedevsky Forest near Oryol) was a figure in Russian revolutionary circles at the beginning of the 20th century. ...

A simultaneous demonstration in favor of the Constituent Assembly was dispersed with force, but there was little protest afterward as people in general supported the Bolsheviks.(1, 120-121)

In May 7, 1918, the Eighth Party Council of the Socialist Revolutionary Party convened in Moscow and decided to start an uprising against the Bolsheviks with the goal of reconvening the Russian Constituent Assembly. While preparations were under way, the Czechoslovak Legions overthrew Bolshevik rule in Siberia, Urals and the Volga region in late May-early June 1918 and the center of SR activity shifted there. On June 8, 1918, five Constituent Assembly members formed the All-Russian Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (Komuch) in Samara and declared it the new supreme authority in the country.^[3] Social Revolutionary-Menshevik Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia came to power in June 29, 1918, after the uprising in Vladivostok. is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Russian Constituent Assembly (Ð’ÑÐµÑ€Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð£Ñ‡Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¡Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ, Vserossiyskoye Uchreditelnoye Sobranie) was a democratically elected constitutional body convened in Russia after the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II. It met for 13 hours, 4 p. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about Siberia as a whole. ... The Ural Mountains, (Russian: Ура́льские го́ры = Ура́л) also known simply as the Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and south through western Russia. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (ÐšÐ¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÑ‚ Ñ‡Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð² Ð£Ñ‡Ñ€ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (ÐšÐ¾Ð¼ÑƒÑ‡) in Russian, or Komitet chlenov Uchreditelnogo sobraniya (Komuch)), also known as Samarskaya uchredilka (if loosely translated, means unauthorized self-establishment of power in Samara), a counterrevolutionary government, formed in Samara on June 8, 1918 after the Czech Legion had occupied the city. ... This article is about about the city in Russia. ... The Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS), or in full the Social Revolutionary-Menshevik Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia, was an ephemeral puppet government for Siberia created by the White movement. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Sino border and North Korea. ...

Left SRs Disagreements

The Left SRs were dismayed that the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gave up large amounts of territory. With the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the Bolsheviks on March 3, 1918, the Socialist Revolutionary leadership "increasingly viewed" the Bolshevik government as a German proxy^{[citation needed]}. They left the government in protest in March 1918. The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up proxy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

At the 5th All-Russia Congress of Soviets of July 4, 1918, the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries had 352 delegates compared to 745 Bolsheviks out of 1132 total. The Left SRs raised disagreements on the suppression of rival parties, the death penalty, and mainly, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Bolsheviks excluded the Right SRs and Mensheviks from the government on 14 June for associating with counterrevolutionaries and seeking to "organize armed attacks against the workers and peasants", while the Left SRs advocated forming a government of all socialist parties. The Left SRs agreed with extra-judicial execution of political opponents to stop the counterrevolution, but opposed having the government legally pronouncing death sentences, an unusual position that is best understood within the context of the group's terrorist past. The Left SRs strongly opposed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and opposed Trotsky's insistence that no one try to attack German troops in the Ukraine. 1 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... In 1917, Russia the Socialist-Revolutionary Party split between those who supported the Provisional Government, established after the February Revolution, and those who supported the Bolsheviks who favoured a communist insurrection. ...

Left SR Uprising

Defeated at the Congress, the Left S.R.s pursued their aim of sabotaging the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and dragging Soviet Russia back into war with Germany by using their positions within the Cheka to assassinate the German Ambassador in Moscow, Count Wilhelm von Mirbach, on July 6, 1918.3 The Leadership of the Left SRs incorrectly believed this assassination would lead to a widespread popular uprising in support of their aims. They claimed to be leading an uprising against the peace with Germany and not necessarily against the Bolsheviks and soviet power.3 Bolshevist Russia is a common term that refers to the Bolshevik side in the Russian Civil War, or more specifically the Russian government between the October Revolution (November 7, 1917) and the constitution of the Soviet Union (December 30, 1922). ... For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Coronet of a count This article is about the style or title of nobility. ... Wilhelm Mirbach (1871 - 1918), Count, German diplomat. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The main rebel force was a detachment commanded by Dmitry Ivanovich Popov, a Left S.R. and member of the Cheka. About 1,800 revolutionaries took part in the insurrection, bombarding the Kremlin with artillery and seizing the telephone exchange and telegraph office. During the two days that they remained in control there, they sent out several manifestos, bulletins and telegrams in the name of the Left S.R. Central Committee declaring that the Left S.R.s had taken over power and that their action had been welcomed by the whole people. The Fifth Congress of Soviets instructed the government to suppress the insurrection at once, and the group of Left S.R.s at the Congress was arrested. A detachment is a military unit. ... Dmitry Ivanovich Popov was a Left SR and Anarchist revolutionary of Russia, the leader of the Third Russian Revolution; later a member of the staff of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine leaded by Batko Makhno. ... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ... Insurrection could refer to: * in a general sense, it means Rebellion * it is also a title of a Star Trek film, see Star Trek: Insurrection ... For other uses, see Bomb (disambiguation). ... This article is about Russian citadels. ... For other uses, see Artillery (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... Telegraph and Telegram redirect here. ... Look up control in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up manifesto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Front cover of the Feburary 24, 2004 edition of The Bulletin The Bulletin is a weekly magazine, which has been published in Sydney, Australia since 1880. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Much of the recent sociological debate on power revolves around the issue of the constraining and/or enabling nature of power. ... Insurrection could refer to: * in a general sense, it means Rebellion * it is also a title of a Star Trek film, see Star Trek: Insurrection ... For other uses, see Arrest (disambiguation). ...

Left S.R.s and anarchists^{[citation needed]} also started insurrections in Petrograd, Vologda, Arzamas, Murom, Yaroslavl, Velikiy Ustyug, Rybinsk and other cities. A telegram from the Left S. R. Central Committee stating that the Left S.R.s had seized power in Moscow, was sent to M. A. Muravyov, a Left S.R. and Commander of the Eastern Front (World War I). On the pretext of attacking the Germans, he seized Simbirsk (later Ulyanovsk) and march his forces on Moscow in support of the revolutionaries. Saint Petersburg listen (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of... St. ... Arzamas (Russian: ) is a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Tesha River (a tributary of the Oka River), 300 km east of Moscow. ... Murom downtown sprawls along the bank of the Oka Murom (Russian: ; Old Norse: Moramar) is a historic city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which sprawls majestically along the left bank of Oka River, about 300 km east of Moscow, at 55Â°34â€²N 42Â°02â€²E. Population is 145,500 (2002). ... Yaroslavl (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located 250 km north-east of Moscow at . ... Velikiy Ustyug, or Veliki Ustyug (Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð£ÑÑ‚ÑŽÐ³ in Russian) is a city in the Vologda Oblast in Russia. ... Rybinsk (Ð Ñ‹ÌÐ±Ð¸Ð½ÑÐº), with population exceding 250,000, is the second largest city of the Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... â€¹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Ulyanovsk (Улья́новск, formerlySimbirsk (Симби́рск)) is a city on the Volga River in Russia. ...

The SR terrorist Boris Savinkov claimed to have been financed by France to organize these uprisings, though he did not claim responsibility for the assassination of Mirbach. 1 (Although this is not bad if somebody is "financed by France" - this maybe bad only of Bolshevik point of view.) Boris Viktorovich Savinkov (Russian:Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ð’Ð¸ÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²) (1879-1925) was a Russian writer and terrorist. ...

The result of the Left SR Uprising was the suppression of the Left SRs, the last major independent party other than the Bolsheviks, and the isolation of the Bolsheviks as the only party in government.

Further Rebellions, Suppression, Attempts to Negotiate, and Changes in Alignment

Socialist Revolutionaries tended to claim to be fighting to restore the February Revolution. During the Civil War, anarchists used the slogan "Third Revolution". The slogan was later used during the Kronstadt rebellion also.(5, 170) Combatants peasant rebels Red army Strength 50,000 100,000 Casualties N/A N/A The Tambov Rebellion of 1919â€“1921 was one of the largest and well organized peasant rebellions against the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War[1][2]. The uprising took place in the territories of... The Workers Opposition was a faction of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that emerged in 1920 as a response to the perceived over-bureaucratisation that was occurring in the Soviet Union. ... Combatants Soviet Sailors Red Army Commanders Stepan Petrichenko Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky Strength c. ...

Lenin sent the telegrams to "to introduce mass terror" in Nizhny Novgorod in response to the civilian uprising there, and "crush" peasants in Penza who protested to requisition of their grain by military detachments.(^[4] August 9, and August 10, 1918) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: ), colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. ... Penza (ÐŸÐµÌÐ½Ð·Ð°) is a city in Russia, administrative center of Penza Oblast in the Volga Federal District. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The Black Book of Communism: ""It is quite clear that preparations are being made for a White Guard uprising in Nizhni Novgorod," wrote Lenin in a telegram on 9 August 1918 to the president of the Executive Committee of the Nizhni Novgorod soviet, in response to a report about peasant protests against requisitioning. "Your first response must be to establish a dictatorial troika (i.e., you, Markin, and one other person) and introduce mass terror, shooting or deporting the hundreds of prostitutes who are causing all the soldiers to drink, all the ex-officers, etc. There is not a moment to lose; you must act resolutely, with massive reprisals. Immediate execution for anyone caught in possession of a firearm. Massive deportations of Mensheviks and other suspect elements."2 The next day Lenin sent a similar telegram to the Central Executive Committee of the Penza soviet: The Black Book of Communism The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a book that describes the history of political repressions by Communist states, including extrajudicial executions, deportations, and man-made famines that the book argues resulted from communist policies. ...

Comrades! The kulak uprising in your five districts must be crushed ithout pity. The interests of the whole revolution demand such actions, for the final struggle vith the kulaks has now begun. You must make an example of these people. (1) Hang (I mean hang publicly, so that people see it) at least 100 kulaks, rich bastards, and known bloodsuckers. (2) Publish their names. (3) Seize all their grain. (4) Single out the hostages per my instructions in yesterday's telegram. Do all this so that for miles around people see it all, understand it, tremble, and tell themselves that we are killing the bloodthirsty kulaks and that we will continue to do so. Reply saying you have received and carried out these instructions. Yours, Lenin.

In the morning of August 30, 1918, a Social Revolutionary Leonid Kanngießer (Kannegisser), who was a Boris Savinkov’s comrade, killed the chief of the Cheka in Petrograd, Moisei Uritsky, in his office. is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Boris Viktorovich Savinkov (Russian:Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ð’Ð¸ÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²) (1879-1925) was a Russian writer and terrorist. ... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ... Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader whose assassination helped precipitate the Red Terror. ...

In August 30, 1918 Lenin survived an attempted assassination by Fanny Kaplan leaving a bullet in his neck. This contributed to the strokes(6) that prevented him from removing Stalin. (!) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... Faina Yefimovna Kaplan (Ð¤Ð°Ð¸Ð½Ð° Ð•Ñ„Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð° ÐšÐ°Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½; 1883â€“September 3, 1918), also known as Fanny Kaplan and as Dora Kaplan), was a Russian political revolutionary and an attempted assassin of Vladimir Lenin. ...

In September 5, 1918 the Cheka gave responsibility for targeting opposing parties of the left such as the Social Revolutionaries and other anti-Bolshevik groups such as the anarchists, the policy of Red Terror. Boris Viktorovich Savinkov (Russian:Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ð’Ð¸ÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²) (1879-1925) was a Russian writer and terrorist. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ... Socialist-Revolutionary election poster, 1917. ... For other uses, see Red Terror (disambiguation). ...

In November 1918, the Sixth All-Russian Congress of Soviets met. They approved an amnesty, ordering release of those detained by the Cheka who had no definite charges within two weeks of arrest, and of hostages except those needed to guarantee hostages held by their enemies. They also held out an olive branch to the other socialist parties. The Menshevik conference in October 1918 had declared military support to the Soviet Government but still opposed the Cheka and terror. On November 30 the VTsIK annulled the exclusion of the Mensheviks except those who were still allied with enemies.(1, 170-172) Olive branch Olive branch is a colloquial term referring to a concession or a gesture of peace, as well as a peace symbol. ...

The All-Russian Constituent Assembly Committee had the support of the Czechoslovak Legions and was able to spread its authority over much of the Volga-Kama region. However, most of the Siberia and Urals regions were controlled by a patchwork of ethnic, Cossack, military and liberal-rightist local governments, which constantly clashed with the Committee. The Committee functioned until September 1918, eventually growing to about 90 Constituent Assembly members, when The State Conference representing all the anti-Bolshevik local governments from the Volga to the Pacific Ocean formed the coalition of All-Russian Supreme Authority (aka the Ufa Directory) with the ultimate goal of re-convening the Constituent Assembly once the circumstances permitted: This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Kama (Russian: ; Tatar: Ã‡ulman) is a river in Russia, the longest left tributary of the Volga. ... For other uses, see Cossack (disambiguation). ...

The All-Russian Constituent Assembly Committee continued functioning as "Congress of Members of the Constituent Assembly" but had no real power, although the Directory pledged to support it:

Initially, the agreement had the support of the Socialist Revolutionary Central Committee which delegated two of its right-wing members, Avksentiev and Zenzinov, to the five member Ufa Directory. However, when Victor Chernov arrived in Samara on September 19, 1918, he was able to persuade the Central Committee to withdraw support from the Directory because he viewed it as too conservative and the SR presence there as insufficient.^[7] This put the Directory in a political vacuum and two months later, in November 1918, The Social Revolutionary-Menshevik Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia was overthrown in the military coup d'etat. Kolchak had returned to Omsk on November 16 from an inspection tour. He was approached and refused to take power. In November 18, 1918, Ufa Directory was overthrown by rightwing officers who made Alexander Kolchak the new Supreme Ruler (Verkhovnyi Pravitel), and he promoted himself to Admiral. The Socialist-Revolutionary (SR) Directory leader and members were arrested in November 18 by a troop of Cossacks under ataman I. N. Krasilnikov. The remaining cabinet members met and voted for Kolchak to become the head of government with dictatorial powers. The arrested SR politicians were expelled from Siberia and ended up in Europe. After the fall of the Ufa Directory, Chernov formulated what he called the "third path" against both the Bolsheviks and the liberal-rightist White Movement, but the SRs' attempts to assert themselves as an independent force were unsuccessful and the party, always fractious, began to disintegrate. On the Right, Avksentiev and Zenzinov went abroad with Kolchak's permission. On the Left, some SRs became reconciled with the Bolsheviks. The SR leaders in Russia denounced Kolchak and called for him to be killed. Victor Chernov tried to stage an uprising against Kolchak. Their activities resulted in the Omsk Uprising in December 22, 1918, which was put down by Cossacks, who summarily executed almost 500 revolutionaries. Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov (1873(?) â€“ 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and a founder of that countrys Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1901-1902. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS), or in full the Social Revolutionary-Menshevik Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia, was an ephemeral puppet government for Siberia created by the White movement. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak (Александр Васильевич Колчак in Russian) (November 4 (November 16 NS), 1874 - February 7, 1920) was a Russian naval commander and later head of part of the anti-Bolshevik White forces during the Russian Civil War. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Socialist-Revolutionary election poster, 1917. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Cossack (disambiguation). ... Ataman Krasnoschekov by Alexei Antropov, 1761 Ataman (variants: wataman, vataman, otaman, Cyrillic: Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð°Ð½ (Russian), Ð²Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð°Ð½ (Russian, regional), Ð¾Ñ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð°Ð½ (Ukrainian)) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. ... White Army redirects here. ... Omsk (Russian: ) is a city in southwest Siberia in Russia, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

In January 1919 the SR Central Committee decided that the Bolsheviks were the lesser of two evils and gave up armed struggle against them. The SRs opened negotiations with the Bolsheviks and in February 1919 the SR People's Army joined with the Red Army. The VTsIK resolved on February 25 1919 to reinstate the SRs except those who continued to directly or indirectly support counterrevolution.(1,172) Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ...

In Astrakhan, the strikers and Red Army soldiers who joined them were loaded onto barges and then thrown by the hundreds into the Volga with stones around their necks. Between 2,000 and 4,000 were shot or drowned from March 12 to 14, 1919. In addition, the repression also claimed the lives of some 600 to 1,000 bourgeoisie. Recently published archival documents indicate this was the largest massacre of workers by the Bolsheviks before the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion. This article is about the city in Russia. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Bourgeois redirects here. ... Look up massacre in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Combatants Soviet Sailors Red Army Commanders Stepan Petrichenko Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky Strength c. ...

In March 16, 1919, Cheka stormed the Putilov factory. More than 900 workers who went to a strike were arrested. More than 200 of them were executed without trial during next few days. Numerous strikes took place in the spring of 1919 in cities of Tula, Orel, Tver, Ivanovo, and Astrakhan. The starving workers sought to obtain food rations matching those of Red Army soldiers. They also demanded the elimination of privileges for Communists, freedom of press, and free elections. All strikes were mercilessly suppressed by Cheka using arrests and executions. is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... A 1923 Soviet stamp featured the Soviet Fordson Logo of Kirov Plant The Kirov Plant or Kirov Factory is a major Russian machine-building plant in St. ... Places named Tula include: Tula, Tula Oblast, Russia Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico Tula, Tamaulipas, Mexico Tula, Mississippi, USA Tula, Sardinia, Italy Tula, Kenya Other uses: Tula is the professional name of transsexual model/actress Caroline Cossey. ... Orel or Oryol (ÐžÑ€Ñ‘Ð») is a city in Russia, administrative center of the Oryol Oblast. ... Tvers coat of arms depicts grand ducal crown placed on a throne. ... Ivanovo (Russian: Ð˜Ð²Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾) is the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. ... This article is about the city in Russia. ...

The Bolsheviks let the SR Central Committee re-establish itself in Moscow and start publishing a party newspaper in March 1919.^[8] After the Bolsheviks 8th Party Conference the SRs split this time into three factions, one pro Bolshevik, one pro White, and one led by Chernov which again tried to establish a "third force". (1, 173) In response SR Central Committe members were arrested. From this point on the frequent arrests by the Cheka of opposition leaders for engaging in conspiracies led to difficulties in these formally legal parties operations, and most of their rank and file left them for the Bolsheviks. (1,173-174) Chernov went undercover and eventually was forced to flee Russia.

A typical report from a Cheka department stated: "Yaroslavl Province, 23 June 1919. The uprising of deserters in the Petropavlovskaya volost has been put down. The families of the deserters have been taken as hostages. When we started to shoot one person from each family, the Greens began to come out of the woods and surrender. Thirty-four deserters were shot as an example". Yaroslavl (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located 250 km north-east of Moscow at . ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Anarchists in Rostov, Ekaterinoslav and Briansk broke into prisons to liberate the prisoners and issued fiery proclamations calling on the people to revolt against the Bolshevik regime. The Anarchist Battle Detachments attacked the Whites, Reds and Germans alike. Many peasants joined the revolt, attacking their enemies with pitchforks and sickles. Meanwhile in Moscow, the Underground Anarchists were formed by Kazimir Kovalevich and Piotr Sobolev to be the shock troops of their revolution, infiltrating Bolshevik ranks and striking when least expected. On 25 September 1919, the Underground Anarchists struck the Bolsheviks with "their heaviest blow against the 'oppressors'"(4). The headquarters of the Moscow Committee of the Communist Party was blown up, killing 12 and injuring 55 Party members, including Nikolai Bukharin and Emilian Iaroslavskii. Spurred on by their apparent success, the Underground Anarchists proclaimed a new "era of dynamite" that would finally wipe away capitalism and the State. The Bolsheviks responded by initiating a new wave of mass arrests in which Kovalevich and Sobolev were the first to be shot. With their leaders dead and much of their organization in tatters, the remaining Underground Anarchists blew themselves up in their last battle with the Cheka, taking much of their safe house with them. Rostov (Russian: Ð Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð¾ÌÐ²; Old Norse: Rostofa) is one of the oldest towns in Russia and an important tourist centre of the so called Golden ring. ... Dnipropetrovsk (Ukrainian: Ð”Ð½Ñ–Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²ÑÑŒÐº, Dnipropetrovsâ€™k; Russian: Ð”Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ²ÑÐº, Dnepropetrovsk, formerly Ð•ÐºÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°ÌÐ², Yekaterinoslav) is Ukraines third largest city with 1. ... Historic coat of arms of Bryansk introduced in 1781 Bryansk (Ð‘Ñ€ÑÐ½ÑÐº) is a city in Russia, 379 km South-West from Moscow. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Nikolai Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Russian: ), (October 9 [O.S. September 27] 1888 â€“ March 15, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and intellectual, and later a Soviet politician. ... For the reggaeton aritst, see Cheka (artist). ...

However, strikes continued. On January 1920, Lenin sent a telegram to Izhevsk telling that "I am surprised that ... you are not immediately executing large numbers of strikers for the crime of sabotage." Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Izhevsk (Russian: ; Udmurt: ), from 1985 to 1987â€”Ustinov (), after Dmitry Ustinov, is the capital city of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the Izh River in the Western Urals area. ... For other uses, see Sabotage (disambiguation). ...

In June 6, 1920, female workers in Tula who refused to work on Sunday were arrested and sent to labor camps. is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Places named Tula include: Tula, Tula Oblast, Russia Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico Tula, Tamaulipas, Mexico Tula, Mississippi, USA Tula, Sardinia, Italy Tula, Kenya Other uses: Tula is the professional name of transsexual model/actress Caroline Cossey. ... A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in penal labor. ...

Aleksandra Kołłontaj increasingly became an internal critic of the Communist Party and joined with her friend, Alexander Shlyapnikov, to form a left-wing faction of the party that became known as the Workers' Opposition. The Workers Opposition had some similar demands to some of the rebellions, but supported the government and argued peacefully within it rather than resorting to violent uprisings. Instead the Workers Opposition energetically supported the crushing of these rebellions, including volunteering government representatives to participate in the crushing of the Kronstadt Rebellion. After the Kronstadt Rebellion, Lenin argued that the party needed unity at that time because their enemies were trying to exploit disunity. The Workers' Opposition and other factions were dissolved, but the leaders of the two main factions Workers Opposition and Democratic Centralists were included in the new leadership. Alexander Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (in Russian, Александр Гаврилович Шляпников) (1885-1937) was a Russian communist. ... Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð° ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°ÌÐ¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð° ÐšÐ¾Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ñ‚Ð°ÌÐ¹ â€” born Domontovich, Ð”Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ñ‚Ð¾ÌÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (March 31 [O.S. March 19] 1872 - March 9, 1952) was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1914 on as a Bolshevik. ... Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð° ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°ÌÐ¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð° ÐšÐ¾Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ñ‚Ð°ÌÐ¹ â€” born Domontovich, Ð”Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ñ‚Ð¾ÌÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (March 31 [O.S. March 19] 1872 - March 9, 1952) was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1914 on as a Bolshevik. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: ÐšÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑƒÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÌÑ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐŸÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¡Ð¾ÑŽÌÐ·Ð°, transliterated Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza, acronym: ÐšÐŸÐ¡Ð¡ (KPSS)) was the ruling political party in the Soviet Union. ... Alexander Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (in Russian, Александр Гаврилович Шляпников) (1885-1937) was a Russian communist. ... The Workers Opposition was a faction of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that emerged in 1920 as a response to the perceived over-bureaucratisation that was occurring in the Soviet Union. ...

In January 1921, the largest uprising^[9] in Russia since the civil war broke out. Insurgents blocked the railway, occupied Tobolsk, Surgut, Berezovo, and Salekhard, stormed Ishim, and came within four km of Tyumen. Both sides fought a battle of unprecedented savagery. Regular Red Army units using armored trains, warships, and other means took part in suppressing the uprising, which was finally crushed only in 1922. Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... View of Tobolsk in the 1910s Tobolsk (Russian: ; Tatar: TubÄ±l) is a historic capital of Siberia, now an ordinary town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. ... Railway station in Surgut Coat of arms of Surgut Surgut (Russian: ) is a city in Russia, the largest in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and second largest in Tyumen Oblast. ... Menshikov and his family in Berezov, by Vasily Surikov. ... Salekhard Coat of Arms Salekhard (Russian: ) is a town in and the administrative center of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. ... The Ishim River (Ð˜ÑˆÐ¸Ð¼, another name is Esil River) is a river running through Kazakhstan and Russia. ... Tymen in the 1680s Tyumen (Ð¢ÑŽÐ¼ÐµÌÐ½ÑŒ) is a city in Russia, administrative center of Tyumen Oblast in the Urals Federal District . ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... Armoured train is a train protected with armour. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Mensheviks took power in Georgia and on 1918 the Democratic Republic of Georgia was proclaimed with Noe Zhordania becoming the head. They allowed the German Empire and later Britain to use it as a base to funnel weapons and other support to White generals Kolchak and Anton Ivanovich Denikin. They were accused of suppressing local Bolsheviks, ethnic atrocities against Ossetia and Abkhazia, making claims on Azerbaijani and Armenian territory, and starting a war with Armenia. The area was forcefully sovietized by February 25, 1921. Lenin recommended "a policy of concessions in relation to the Georgian intelligentsia and small traders" and "a coalition with Jordania or similar Georgian Mensheviks". There was an amnesty for Mensheviks but no coalition government was formed, nevertheless most Menshevik leaders fled to Paris.(1, 339-350) Image File history File links Noe_Zhordania. ... Image File history File links Noe_Zhordania. ... Noe Zhordania Noe Zhordania (January 2, 1868 â€“ January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and politician. ... Anthem Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings) Map of the Democratic Republic of Georgia from November 1918 to May 1920. ... Noe Zhordania Noe Zhordania (January 2, 1868 â€“ January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and politician. ... For German colonial territories, see German Colonial Empire. ... General Anton Denikins Volunteer Army and regional Armed forces after Armistice of Mudros Anton Ivanovich Denikin (ÐÐ½Ñ‚Ð¾ÌÐ½ Ð˜Ð²Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð”ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÌÐºÐ¸Ð½) (December 16, 1872 â€“ August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army (1916) and one of the foremost leading generals of the anti-Bolshevik White Russians in the civil war. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Abkhazia (pronounced or , Apsny, Georgian: Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti, Russian: Abhazia) is an autonomous region of Georgia in the Caucasus. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The notion of an intellectual elite as a distinguished social stratum can be traced far back in history. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine led by Nestor Makhno took control of part of the Ukraine countryside. Makhno sometimes fought against the whites and sometimes against the Bolsheviks at the same time the Whites were. He said he supported local soviets but was opposed to any overall government elected by the local soviets.^{[citation needed]} The Makhnoists formed an overall government over the area they controlled, used forced conscription, banned all opposition parties, and had a secret police.^{[citation needed]} The Bolsheviks viewed the Makhnoists as unreliable allies and took over after the Whites were defeated. Image File history File links Makhno_group. ... Image File history File links Makhno_group. ... Simon Karetnik was an Anarchist and Commander of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine. ... Fedir Shchus also known as Fyodor Shuss was a commander in the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine of Nestor Makhno. ... Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (Ukrainian: ÐÐµÑÑ‚Ð¾Ñ€ Ð†Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐœÐ°Ñ…Ð½Ð¾, October 26, 1888 â€“ July 25, 1934) was an anarcho-communist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. ... Nestor Makhno in 1909 Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (October 27, 1889–July 25, 1934) was an anarchist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about secret police as organizations. ...

SRs were among the main leaders of the uprisings of the Tambov Rebellion and the Kronstadt Rebellion of 1921. Protests against grain requisitioning of the peasantry were a major component of these uprisings and Lenin's New Economic Program was introduced as a concession. Combatants peasant rebels Red army Strength 50,000 100,000 Casualties N/A N/A The Tambov Rebellion of 1919â€“1921 was one of the largest and well organized peasant rebellions against the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War[1][2]. The uprising took place in the territories of... Combatants Soviet Sailors Red Army Commanders Stepan Petrichenko Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky Strength c. ...

The Kronstadt rebellion was led by the pro-white^{[citation needed]} SR Stepan Petrichenko. He initiated the rebellion by falsely^{[citation needed]} claiming the Bolsheviks were coming to arrest everyone at a meeting, and during the confusion had members of the Bolshevik Party arrested. They called for free elections to soviets and an end to grain requisitioning. Stepan Maximovich Petrichenko (Russian: ) was the leader of the revolution comiteÃ© appointed which led to the Kronstadt Rebellion of 1921. ...

The Kronstadt rebels allowed a known white agent, the former tsarist naval officer Baron P. V. Vilken and agent of White general Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, to come to the island during the mutiny disguised as a red cross worker and made agreements to secure aid for their rebellion (5, 122). The Bolsheviks pointed to the danger of the Whites supporting the rebellion or using it as an opportunity to invade and suppressed it. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Petropavlovsk (Russian: ) was a Russian battleship of the Gangut Class. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government - Mayor Jussi Pajunen Area - Total 187. ... Black Flag may refer to: Black Flag (insecticide), a brand of insecticide made by the Fountainhead Group Black Flag (band), a hardcore punk band Czarny Sztandar (1903), a BiaÅ‚ystok anarchist organisation Chernoe Znamja (1905), a Geneva anarchist newspaper Black Flag (newspaper), an anarchist newspaper Black Flag Army, a bandit... Bourgeois redirects here. ... Baron Wrangel Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel (ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð’Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð³ÐµÐ»ÑŒ) (German: ) (August 15, 1878, Zarasai, Lithuania (then Imperial Russia) â€” April 25, 1928, Brussels, Belgium), was an officer in the Imperial Russian army and later commanding general of the pro-monarchist White Army in Southern Russia in the later stages of the Russian Civil War. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

After the suppression of the Kronstadt Rebellion, Petrichenko led many survivors to Finland where they entered into an agreement with Wrangel^{[citation needed]}. Paul Avrich writes:

Numerous attacks and assassinations occurred frequently until these rebellions finally petered out in 1922. The Anarchists had the support of a greater number of the population(^{[citation needed]} this is untrue, cite who makes the claim or have it removed). Anarchists participated in almost all of the attacks the Left SR's organized, and carried out many on their own initiative. The most celebrated figures of these rebellions^{[citation needed]}, Lev Chernyi and Fanya Baron were both Anarchists. Lev Chernyi (18??-1921) was a Russian anarchist poet who suffered imprisonment in Siberia under the Russian Czarist regime for his revolutionary activities. ... Fanya Baron (Ð¤Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð‘Ð°Ñ€Ð¾Ð½ ) (? - 1921) was a Russian anarchist revolutionary who is rumoured to have assassinated the head of the Okhrana (tsarist secret police). ...

The imprisoned SR Central Committee members were put on trial starting June 8 1922. ^[10] EH Carr writes:

The death sentences were suspended by the government. Alexander Kerensky This article is about the Russian politician. ...

The end result of these rebellions was the suppression of the of rival socialist parties and anarchists, and economic concessions from the Bolsheviks with the New Economic Policy. While Lenin had wanted a multi party government and recognized the continued existence of parties based on the petty bourgeois class, the military necessity of suppressing rebellions pushed the government in the direction of a one party state. EH Carr states: This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Menshevism were suppressed after the Kronstadt Uprising and the forceful sovietization of Menshevik Georgia. A number of prominent Mensheviks emigrated thereafter. Julius Martov who was suffering from ill health at this time went to Weimar Republic. Leaders of the Menshevik Party at Norra Bantorget in Stockholm, Sweden, May 1917. ... Julius Martov or L. Martov (ÐœÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¾Ð², real name Yuli Osipovich Zederbaum (Russian Ð®ÌÐ»Ð¸Ð¹ ÐžÌÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¦ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ€Ð±Ð°ÌÑƒÐ¼)) (November 24, 1873 â€“ April 4, 1923) was born in Constantinople in 1873. ... Anthem Das Lied der Deutschen Germany during the Weimar period, with the Free State of Prussia (in blue) as the largest state Capital Berlin Language(s) German Government Republic President - 1918-1925 Friedrich Ebert - 1925-1933 Paul von Hindenburg Chancellor - 1919 Philipp Scheidemann(first) - 1933 Kurt von Schleicher (last) Legislature...

The Left SRs collapsed as a party by 1922 and existed as small cells through 1925.

Later claims

During the Moscow Show Trials in 1937 it was claimed that Leon Trotsky, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev were involved in this plot. 2 The Moscow Trials were a series of trials of political opponents of Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge. ... Leon Trotsky (Russian: , Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 â€“ August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (), was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... Lev Borisovich Kamenev (Russian: Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÐ°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ², born Rosenfeld, Ð Ð¾Ð·ÐµÐ½Ñ„ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ´) (July 18 [O.S. July 6] 1883 â€“ August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. ... Grigory Zinoviev Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Ð“Ñ€Ð¸Ð³Ð¾ÌÑ€Ð¸Ð¹ Ð•Ð²ÑÌÐµÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð—Ð¸Ð½ÌÐ¾Ð²ÑŒÐµÐ², alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev, born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky (Ð Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ñ‹ÑÐ»ÑŒÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹), also known as Hirsch Apfelbaum, (September 23 [O.S. September 11] 1883 - August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Communist politician. ...

Iurii Georgievich Fel'shtinskii claimed the Left SR Uprising was staged by the Bolsheviks as a pretext to discredit the Left SRs. L. M. Ovrutskii and Anatolii Izrailevich Razgon produced research to refute this. 3

References

^ http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22Third+Russian+Revolution%22&btnG=Search
^ http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22Russian+Revolution+of+1918%22&btnG=Search
^ See Jonathan D. Smele. Op. cit., p.32
^ http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/courtois.html
^ http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/courtois.html
^ ^a ^b Both quotes from the "Constitution of the Ufa Directory", first published in Narodovlastie, No. 1, 1918, reprinted in Istoriya Rossii 1917 - 1940, Ekaterinburg, 1993, pp. 102 - 105, English translation available online
^ See Michael Melancon. "Chernov", in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op.cit., p.137
^ See Ronald Grigor Suny. The Soviet Experiment: Russia, the USSR, and the Successor States, Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-508105-6 p.80
^ http://www.kommersant.com/t-75/r_5/n_419/Tyumen_Region/
^ See Elizabeth A. Wood. Performing Justice: Agitation Trials in Early Soviet Russia, Cornell University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8014-4257-5, p.83

1 Carr, E.H. - The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1923. W. W. Norton & Company 1985. (162-167)

2 Spitzer, Alan B. - John Dewey, the "Trial" of Leon Trotsky and the Search for Historical Truth. History and Theory, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Feb., 1990), pp. 16-37

3 Boniece, Sally A. - link "Don Quixotes of the Revolution"? The Left SRs as a Mass Political Movement. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 5.1 (2004) 185-194

Contents

Background, October Revolution, Coalition Bolshevik-Left SR Government, and First Revolt of Civil War

Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, Early Constituent Assembly Rebellions

Left SRs Disagreements

Left SR Uprising

Further Rebellions, Suppression, Attempts to Negotiate, and Changes in Alignment

Later claims

References

See also

External links

Contents

Background, October Revolution, Coalition Bolshevik-Left SR Government, and First Revolt of Civil War GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, Early Constituent Assembly Rebellions

Left SRs Disagreements

Left SR Uprising

Further Rebellions, Suppression, Attempts to Negotiate, and Changes in Alignment

Later claims

References

See also

External links

Background, October Revolution, Coalition Bolshevik-Left SR Government, and First Revolt of Civil War