Thomas Palaeologus or Thomas Palaiologos (1409-1465) was Despot of Morea from 1449 until Ottoman conquest in 1460. Events January 1 - The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English. ... Events July 13 - Battle of Montlhéry Troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of the great nobles organized as the League of the Public Weal. ... The Despotate of Morea was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. ... Events January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ...

He was the youngest surviving son of Eastern Roman Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus and his wife Helena Dragas. His brothers included Byzantine emperors John VIII Palaeologus and Constantine XI , as well as Theodore and Demetrius Despots of Morea, and Andronicus, despot of Thessalonica. As a younger son, Thomas was never expected that to reign. Likewise, his children became the only surviving heirs of the defunct Palaeologus dynasty. This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... The Byzantine Empire around year 1400. ... John VIII (1390 - Constantinople October 31, 1448), surnamed Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor, the oldest son of Manuel II, became sole emperor in 1425. ... Constantine XI Dragases Palaeologus, the last reigning emperor of the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire. ... Theodore II Palaeologus ( around 1396 - 1443 ) Despot of Morea 1407-1443 is son of Manuel II Palaeologus . ... Demetrius Palaeologus or Demetrios Palaiologos (Gr. ... Andronicus Palaeologus ( 1403 - 1429 ) despot of Thessalonica 1408-1423 is son of Byzantine emperor Manuel II . ... The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. ...

After his brother Constantine XI became emperor, Thomas received the position of Despot of Morea in 1449. Although Thomas was governor in Morea from 1428. Two years later his brother Demetrius was sent to live in Morea by Constantine, and share power with Thomas. Events January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. ... // Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ...

Previously in 1430, he defeated the Latin Principality of Achaea with the help of his brother Constantine XI(who was Despot of Morea at that time). As part of the settlement, Thomas married Prince Centurione II's daughter Catherine Zachariaina. Achaea was absorbed into the Despotate after Centurione's death in 1432. With Catherine he had four children; Helena, Zoe/Sophia, Andreas and Manuel. // Events May 23 - Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The Ottoman Empire captures Thessalonica from the Venetians First use of optical methods in the creation of Art A map of Europe in 1430. ... The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. ... The Principality of Achaea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. ... Events June 1 - Battle of San Romano - Florence defeats Siena foundation of Université de Caen In the end of the Hook and Cod wars, Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland is forced by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to abdicate all her estates in his favour; end of Hainaut...

At the onset of the siege of Constantinople by Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire, one Turkish army was sent with orders to blockade Morea. After the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II on May 29, 1453, maintaining the status quo, the Sultan ordered the two brothers to continue as joint rulers in Morea. The 1453 Siege of Constantinople (painted 1499) The Fall of Constantinople was the conquest of that Greek city by the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Mehmed II, on Tuesday, May 29, 1453. ... Mehmed II Mehmed II, Mehmet II, or Muhammed II, (also known as el-Fatih, the Conqueror, in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmed) (March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481) was first the sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... Events May 29 - Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). ... Look up Status quo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Status quo is a Latin term meaning the present, current, existing state of affairs. ...

In this situation, Thomas decided to ally himself with the west and he married a woman from a low-level Genoese family. During his rule he held good relations with the Pope and the Republic of Genoa. Location within Italy Christopher Columbus monument in Piazza Aquaverde Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese Zena, French Gênes, German Genua, Spanish Génova,Galician Xénova) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St. ... The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca. ...

Constantine XI died defending Constantinople against Mehmed II, and thus no longer controlled his brothers. A civil war erupted then between Thomas and Demetrius for total control of Morea. Thomas defeated Demetrius, who in turn escaped to Turkish territory, asking Mehmed II to restore him to power in Morea. That demand however started the Turkish conquest of Morea. A civil war is a war in which the competing parties within the same country or empire struggle for national control of state power. ...

The only place for an army to enter Morea was the isthmus of Corinth. It was here that late Byzantine emperors had spent significant funds building a defensive wall. However, due the ravages of civil war, Thomas did not have enough soldiers to man the wall. After hearing about the invasion, Thomas fled Morea, and escaped with his family to the Italian peninsula in 1460. The Morea and surrounding states carved from the Byzantine Empire, as they were in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) The name Morea (Μωρέας) for Peloponnesos first appears in the 10th century in Byzantine chronicles. ... The Isthmus of Corinth is the narrow landbridge which connects the Peloponnesos peninsula with the mainland of Greece, near the city of Corinth. ... The Italian peninsula or the Apennine peninsula is one of the greatest peninsulas of Europe, spanning 1000 km from the Alps in the north, to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. ...

In Rome, Thomas had already been recognized as the Byzantine Emperor. The commanders of the garrisons of all the city fortresses in Morea, left alone without rulers, chose individually whether to fight or surrender, depending on their own will. In the final battle of the Roman Empire in its Byzantine incarnation, Graitzas Palaeologus, the military commander of the city of Salmenikos defeated Mehmed II, who after a month of siege returned home without conquering that "unimportant city". In the following year Graitzas received an offer to become general of the Republic of Venice, which he accepted, thus leaving Salmenikos to Mehmed. This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... The Morea and surrounding states carved from the Byzantine Empire, as they were in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) The name Morea (Μωρέας) for Peloponnesos first appears in the 10th century in Byzantine chronicles. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Konstantinos Graitzas Palaiologos (Gr. ... I Have A Very Very Big Penis! The Most Serene Republic of Venice was a Venetian city-state in Northeastern Italy, based around the city of Venice. ...

After the fall of Morea, Thomas lived in Rome, recognized throughout Christian Europe as the rightful Emperor. On Thomas' death that position fell to his son Andreas Palaeologos, born in Mistra around 1455. The Pope gave a little financial help to Andreas, and when Andreas died in 1503 no further claim in Western Europe was made to the position of Byzantine emperor. Andreas had sold his rights to the Byzantine imperial crown to Charles VIII of France in 1494. Charles predeceased him in 1498. In his last will and testament the designanted heirs of Andreas were Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Andreas Palaeologus ( 1453 - 1503 ) de jure Byzantine emperor and Despot of Morea from 1465 until death in 1503. ... For a village in the prefecture of Ioannina, see Ioannina The Vale of Laconia seen from the battlements of Mystras Mystras (also Mistra, Mystra and Mistras Greek: Μύστρας ) was a fortified town in Morea (the Peloponnesus), on Mt. ... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... 1503 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times Western Europe is a cultural/political concept mainly forged and used during the Cold War. ... Charles VIII the Affable (French: Charles VIII lAffable) (June 30, 1470 – April 7, 1498) was King of France from 1483 to his death. ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ferdinand and his wife Isabel of Castile Ferdinand II (Fernando de Aragón in Spanish and Ferran dAragó in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 – June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella of Castile Isabella of Castile (April 22, 1451 – November 26, 1504) was queen of Castile and Leon. ...

Mehmed II conquered the Empire of Trebizond, de facto the last free territory of the ancient Roman state, in the year 1461. Regardless, Mehmed had proclaimed himself "Roman Emperor" in 1453 upon capturing Constantinople. // Foundation The Empire of Trebizond and other states carved from the Byzantine Empire, as they were in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) The Empire of Trebizond was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 immediately before the fall of Constantinople. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Events February 2 - Battle of Mortimers Cross - Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales. ...

Playing a great political game, Pope Paul II arranged in 1472 a marriage between the Catholic daughter of Thomas, Zoe Palaiologina, and Grand Duke Ivan III of Russia, with the hope of making Russia a Catholic country. This attempt to unite churches failed. Nonetheless, because of this marriage, Moscow began in the following century its imperial policy of "third Rome". Moreover, Thomas' great-grandson was Ivan IV of Russia, the first Tsar of Russia. The last known descendants of Sophia's (Zoe's catholic name) died in Russia around 1600, in the Time of Troubles. Paul II, né Pietro Barbo (February 23, 1417 – July 26, 1471), was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Events February 20 - The Orkneys and Shetlands are annexed to the crown of Scotland Discovery of Newfoundland by Didrik Pining and João Vaz Corte-Real. ... Zoe Palaiologina (Greek Ζωή Παλαιολόγου, Russian Софья Фоминична Палеолог, around 1455 - April 7, 1503), Grand Duchess of Moscow, was a niece of the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI and second wife of Ivan III of Russia. ... Albus rex Ivan III Ivan III Vasilevich (Иван III Васильевич) (January 22, 1440 – October 27, 1505), also known as Ivan the Great, was a grand duke of Muscovy who first adopted a more pretentious title of the grand duke of all the Russias. Sometimes referred to as the gatherer of the Russian... New Rome is a term that can be applied to a city or a country. ... Tsar Ivan the Terrible, by Viktor Vasnetsov. ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... // Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned at the stake for heresy in Rome July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the... The Time of Troubles (Russian: Смутное время, Smutnoye Vremya) was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last of Moscow Rurikids, Tsar Feodor Ivanovich, in 1598 and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613. ...

Constantine XI Paleologus (sometimes numbered Constantine XII or Constantine XIII), also known as Constantine Drageses, (February 8, 1404 - May 29, 1453) was the last reigning emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1449 to his death. ... This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. ... Demetrius Palaeologus or Demetrios Palaiologos (Gr. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Mehmed II Mehmed II, Mehmet II, or Muhammed II, (also known as el-Fatih, the Conqueror, in Ottoman Turkish, or, in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmed) (March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481) was first the sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later...

Bibliography

• Joseph von Hammer, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches
• Edward Gibbon, The History of Decline and Fall of Roman Empire
• George Sphrantzes, The Fall of Byzantine empire