NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Three Gorges Dam

The Three Gorges Dam (simplified Chinese: 长江三峡大坝; traditional Chinese: 長江三峽大壩; pinyin: Chángjiāng Sānxiá Dà Bà) is a Chinese hydroelectric river dam that spans the Yangtze River in Sandouping, Yichang, Hubei, China. The total electric generating capacity of the dam will reach 22,500 MW, at which point it will claim the title of the largest hydro-electric power station in the world by capacity. This is the largest project in China since the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. Several generators have still to be installed, and the dam is not expected to become fully operational until about 2011. Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol kmÂ², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of the contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Hydroelectricity is electricity produced by hydropower. ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... This article is about structures for water impoundment. ... The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or Drichu in Tibetan (Tibetan: à½ à½–; Wylie: bri chu) is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa, and the Amazon in South America. ... Yichang (Chinese: å®œæ˜Œ; pinyin: YÃchÄng) is a city in the Hubei province of China. ... Hubei (Chinese: æ¹–åŒ—; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other uses, see Watt (disambiguation). ... This is a list of the largest hydroelectric power stations. ... The Great Wall of China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally Long wall) or (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The long wall of 10,000 Li (é‡Œ)[1]) is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th... Grand Canal of China The Grand Canal of China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is the longest ancient canal or artificial river in the world. ...

As with many dams, there is a debate over its costs and benefits. Although there are economic benefits such as flood control and hydroelectric power, there are also concerns about the future of over 1.3 million people who will be displaced by the rising waters, in addition to concerns over the loss of many valuable archaeological and cultural sites, as well as the effects on the environment. Development-induced displacement is the forcing of communities and individuals out of their homes, often also their homelands, for the purposes of economic development. ...

History of the project

The dam was originally envisioned by Sun Yat-sen in The International Development of China in 1914. The project was delayed though due to The Chinese Civil War and the Chinese-Japanese War which caused the government to reduce the priority of planned structural developments. Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 â€“ March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants Kuomintang of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War (traditional... There were two wars known as the Sino-Japanese War (between China and Japan): The first Sino-Japanese War occurred between 1894 and 1895, primarily over control of Korea. ...

After the 1949 communist victory, the project was revived under the leadership of the People's Republic of China, but due to limited resources,^{[citation needed]} the Gezhouba Dam project was begun first. The Three Gorges Dam was approved in 1992, and the construction started on December 14, 1994. The dam was expected to be fully operational in 2009, but due to additional projects such as the underground powerplant with 6 additional generators, and due to the complexity of the ship lift, it is still uncertain when the dam will be fully operational. Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cable stayed bridge over the Chang Jiang at the downstream approach to the Gezhouba Dam locks. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... 2009 (MMIX) will be a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A powerplant can mean: An aircraft engine (usually used in countries other than the U.S.) A power plant (a large facility that uses materials to generate electricity) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The scale of the project

The dam wall is made of concrete and is about 2,335 metres (7,661 ft) long, and 185 metres (607 ft) high. The wall is 115 metres (377.3 ft) wide on the bottom and 40 metres (131.2 ft) wide on top. The project used 28,000,000 m³ (36,600,000 cu yd) of concrete, 463,000 metric tonnes of steel, enough to build 63 Eiffel Towers, and moved about 134,000,000 m³ (175,000,000 cu yd) of earth. This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The cubic meter (symbol mÂ³) is the SI derived unit of volume. ... The cubic yard (symbols ydÂ³, cu. ... The Eiffel Tower (French: , ) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the River Seine in Paris. ...

The reservoir that Three Gorges Dam creates is over 600 kilometres (373 mi) long and 1.12 km wide on average, and contains 39.3 billion cubic meters (9.43 cubic miles) of water, when the water level is at 175 m. â€œkmâ€ redirects here. ... â€œMilesâ€ redirects here. ...

Costs and funding sources

When finished, the project will have cost no more than 180 billion yuan , 20 billion yuan less than the initial estimated budget of 203.9 billion yuan. This calculation accounts for the effect of inflation, and the lower costs are attributed to a low inflation rate in recent years.^[1] It is estimated that the cost of construction will be recovered when the dam generates 1000 TWh of the electricity, which will be sold at the price of 250 billion yuan. This will take 10 more years after the dam starts full operation. Sources for funding include the Three Gorges Dam Construction Fund, revenue from Gezhouba Dam, policy loans from the China Development Bank, loans from domestic and foreign commercial banks, corporate bonds, and revenue from Three Gorges Dam before and after it is fully operational, with additional charges for electricity contributing to the Three Gorges Construction Fund. The additional charges are as follows: Every province receiving power from the Three Gorges Dam has to pay an additional charge of ¥7.00 per MWh. Provinces that will not receive power from the Three Gorges Dam have to pay an additional charge of ¥4.00 per MWh. Tibet does not have to pay any additional money.^[2] It has been suggested that Chinese yuan be merged into this article or section. ... Cable stayed bridge over the Chang Jiang at the downstream approach to the Gezhouba Dam locks. ... The China Development Bank (CDB) (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: GuÃ³jiÄ KÄifÄ YÃnhÃ¡ng) is a financial institution in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) under the direct jurisdiction of the State Council. ...

Power production

The Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest hydro-electric power station by total capacity, which will be 22,500 MW. It will have 34 generators in total. 32 of them are main generators, each with a capacity of 700 MW; and the other 2 are plant power generators to power other generators, each with capacity of 50 MW. Fourteen are installed in the north side of the dam, twelve in the south side and the remaining six in the underground power plant in the mountain south of the dam. After completion, the expected annual electricity generation would be about 84.7 TWh, which could support four cities the size of Los Angeles, making the dam the second largest hydroelectric plant in the world by generation, after the Itaipu dam in South America and largest by capacity. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Part of the Itaipu Dam Itaipu (Guarani: Itaipu, Portuguese: Itaipu, Spanish: ItaipÃº; pronounced ) is a hydroelectric dam on the ParanÃ¡ River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

According to The National Development and Reform Commission of China, the average consumption of coal to produce one kWh of electricity in China is 366 grams (2006).^[3] Therefore, the Three Gorges Dam will potentially reduce the coal consumption by 31 million tons per year, cutting the emission of 100 million tons of greenhouse gas,^[4] millions of tons of dust, 1 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 370 thousand tons of nitric oxide, 10 thousand tons of carbon monoxide and a significant amount of mercury into the atmosphere.^[5] The 14 generators in north side of the dam have already been installed and they first ran in full power 9800 MW mode on October 18, 2006 after the water level had been raised to 156 m.^[6] R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Nitric oxide or Nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NO. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The seven generators on the south side of the dam are currently being installed. The fifth generator in the south side (No. 25) started working on Nov. 6 2007, bringing the total capacity of the dam to 13.4 GW. The underground power plant with six generators is still under construction.^[7] Until November 2, 2007, the Three Gorge Dam Project had generated over 200 TWh of electricity, one fifth the amount it needs to generate to cover the cost(1000 TWh, see the section "Costs and funding sources").^[8] is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

The electricity generated by the Three Gorges Dam project is sold to the State Grid Corporation at a rate of ¥250 per MWh ($32.5 US). Nine provinces and two cities consume the power from it, including Shanghai. Power is sent in three directions. The 500 kV DC transmission line to the East China Grid has a capacity of 7,200 MW. The 500 kV AC transmission line to Central China Grid has a capacity of 12 GW. The other 500 kV DC transmission line to South China Grid has a capacity of 3 GW and supplies Guangdong. State Grid Corporation (Simplified Chinese: å›½å®¶ç”µç½‘å…¬å¸) is the largest electric power provider in China, formerly know as State Power Corporation (å›½å®¶ç”µåŠ›å…¬å¸) which include both the electric grid and power plants all over mainland China. ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ...

In the original plan, it was expected to provide 10% of electricity consumption in China. However, China’s demand for electricity has increased at a higher rate than was planned, and if fully operational now, it would support about 3% of the total electricity consumption in China.^[9]

Three Gorges Dam image description here larger version here Image courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech File links The following pages link to this file: Three Gorges Dam Categories: NASA images ... Three Gorges Dam image description here larger version here Image courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech File links The following pages link to this file: Three Gorges Dam Categories: NASA images ...

Flood control and drought relief

The most significant function of the dam is to control flooding, which is a major problem of a seasonal river like the Yangtze. Millions of people live downstream of the dam, and many large and important cities like Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai lie next to the river. Plenty of farm land and the most important industrial area of China are built beside the river. For the brand of cymbal, see Wuhan cymbals. ... For other uses, see Nanjing (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ...

In 1954, the river flooded 47.75 million acres (193,000 km²) of land, killing 33,169 people and forcing 18,884,000 people to move. The flood covered Wuhan, a city with 8 million people, for over three months, and the Jingguang Railway was out of order for more than 100 days. For the brand of cymbal, see Wuhan cymbals. ...

In 1998, a flood in the same area caused damage to the value of of billions of dollars. The Chinese government asked for support from its military to fight the flooding. Two thousand and thirty-nine square kilometers of farm land was flooded. The flood affected more than 2.3 million people, and 1,526 were killed.^[10]

The reservoir's flood storage capacity is 22 cubic kilometers (18 million acre feet). This capacity will reduce the frequency of major downstream flooding from once every 10 years to once every 100 years. With the dam, it is expected that major floods can be controlled. If a "super" flood comes, the dam is expected to minimize its effect. An acre foot is a unit of volume commonly used in the United States in reference to large-scale water resources, such as reservoirs, aqueducts, canals, and river flows. ... Flooding in Amphoe Sena, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. ...

Navigation

The installation of ship locks is intended to increase river shipping from 10 million to 50 million tonnes annually, with transportation costs cut by 30 to 37%. Shipping will become safer, since the gorges are notoriously dangerous to navigate. Each ship lock is made up of 5 stages taking around 4 hours in total to complete. Critics argue, however, that heavy siltation will clog ports such as Chongqing within a few years based on the evidence from other dam projects. Download high resolution version (1024x768, 86 KB)View from tourist vantage point overlooking Three Gorges Dam project of the locks allowing Yangtze River shipping to bypass the Three Gorges Dam. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 86 KB)View from tourist vantage point overlooking Three Gorges Dam project of the locks allowing Yangtze River shipping to bypass the Three Gorges Dam. ... Canal locks in England. ... Canal locks in England. ... This article is about the metric tonne. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Postal map spelling: Chungching, also Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ...

The great locks are designed to be 280 m long, 35 m wide, and 5 m deep (918 x 114 x 16.4 ft).^[11]^[12] That is 30 m longer than those on the St Lawrence Seaway, but half as deep. This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The Saint Lawrence Seaway in its broadest sense (see Great Lakes Waterway) is the system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ...

In addition to the canal locks, the Three Gorges Dam is equipped with a ship lift, a kind of elevator for vessels. The ship lift will be capable of lifting ships of up to 3,000 tons.^[13]^[14]^[15] In the original plan its capacity was to be 10,000 tons. The ship lift was not yet complete when the rest of the project was officially opened on May 20, 2006.^[16]^[17] On October 3, 2006, China Daily predicted that the shiplift would be completed in 2008.^[18] StrÃ©py-Thieu boat lift (Belgium). ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that China Daily Hong Kong Edition be merged into this article or section. ...

Relocation of local residents

The relocation of local residents is the central part of the Three Gorges Dam Project. It is considered as important as the construction of the dam. During the planning stages in the 1990s, it was estimated that 1.13 million residents would be forced to relocate. That estimate has been increased by nearly 25% to 1.40 million people. About 140,000 residents will be relocated out of Hubei province to eastern provinces and some central provinces, and the majority of the remaining people will be relocated within Hubei Province. Hubei (Chinese: æ¹–åŒ—; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

On one hand, the massive relocation demonstrates the Chinese government's determination and will to complete the huge project. On the other hand, widespread corruption and human rights violations have occured throughout the process. Although most of the residents have been properly relocated, there remains a significant number of residents who haven't received the necessary government assistance and are still living in poor conditions.

Through September 2007, 1.22 million people have been relocated according to the Xinhua Net. This amounts to about 1.3% of the population of the two provinces the reservoir covers. The fourth phase of the relocation is still ongoing. Phase four involves moving people living just below the 175 metre water level.

As of 13 October 2007, an estimated 1,400,000 citizens have been displaced and, with government assistance, have settled in neighbouring areas.^[19] On October 11, 2007, Chinese state media announced that under a development plan of Chongqing province, an additional 4 million people will be encouraged to move from their homes near the dam to the Chongqing metropolitan area by the year 2020.^[20]^[21]^[22] is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Postal map spelling: Chungching, also Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Postal map spelling: Chungching, also Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ...

Criticism

Environmental impact

Currently, the quality of water in the higher banks of Yangtze is falling rapidly, due to the dam's preventing dispersal of pollutants; algae blooms have risen progressively since the dam’s construction; and soil erosion has increased, causing riverbank collapses and landslides.^[23] The report detailing this was officially released in September 2007.^[19] Senior Chinese government officials and scholars said the dam could cause a “huge disaster ... if steps are not taken promptly.”^[23] The same scholars and officials previously had defended the Three Gorges Dam project.^[24] Xinhua News Agency also reported that tens of billions of yuan had been spent to prevent pollution and geological disasters by tree planting, measures to maintain biodiversity, shutting 1500 polluting industrial and mining enterprises and building 70 sewage and waste treatment plants, all of which are "progressing well." ^[24] Pollutants are substances which directly or indirectly damage us or the environment. ... An algal bloom is a relatively rapid increase in the population of (usually) phytoplankton algae in an aquatic system. ... Severe soil erosion in a wheat field near Washington State University, USA. Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock, and so forth) by the agents of wind, water, ice, or movement in response to gravity. ... Front gate of the main building of Xinhua News Agency in Beijing For other uses, see Xinhua (disambiguation). ... Biodiversity on a 15-year-old reforested plot of land. ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ... Sewage is the mainly liquid waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water, faeces, urine, laundry waste and other material which goes down drains and toilets from households and industry. ...

Of the 3,000 to 4,000 remaining critically endangered Siberian Crane, a large number currently spend the winter in wetlands that will be destroyed by the Three Gorges Dam^{[citation needed]}. While logging in the area was required for construction which adds to erosion, stopping the periodic and uncontrolled flooding of the river will lessen bank erosion in the long run. The build up of silt in the reservoir will, however, reduce the amount of silt transported by the Yangtze River to the Yangtze Delta and could reduce the effectiveness of the dam for electricity generation^{[citation needed]} and, perhaps more importantly, the lack of silt deposited in the peninsula could result in erosion and sinking of coastal areas^{[citation needed]}. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 459 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (540 Ã— 705 pixel, file size: 160 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) These images show the Yangtze River in the vicinity of the Three Gorges Dam (lower right). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 459 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (540 Ã— 705 pixel, file size: 160 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) These images show the Yangtze River in the vicinity of the Three Gorges Dam (lower right). ... Binomial name Grus leucogeranus Pallas, 1773 The Siberian Crane, Grus leucogeranus, also known as the Siberian White Crane or the Snow Crane, is a bird of the family Gruidae, the cranes. ... For other uses, see Silt (disambiguation). ... The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), or Drichu in Tibetan (Tibetan: à½ à½–; Wylie: bri chu) is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa, and the Amazon in South America. ... The Yangzi Delta generally comprises the triangular-shaped territory of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu province and northern Zhejiang province. ...

Effect on local culture and aesthetic values

The 600 kilometre (375 mi) long reservoir will flood some 1,300 archaeological sites and alter the appearance of the Three Gorges as the water level rises over one hundred meters at various locations.^{[citation needed]} Cultural and historical relics are being moved to higher ground as they are discovered but the flooding of the Gorge will undoubtedly cover some undiscovered relics. Some other sites cannot be moved because of their size or design.^{[citation needed]}

These historical sites contain remnants of the homeland of the Ba, an ancient people who settled in the region more than 4,000 years ago.^{[citation needed]} One of the traditions of the Ba was to bury the dead in coffins in caves high on the cliff, some of which will soon be submerged.^{[citation needed]} Ba (å·´) was an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China. ... Hanging coffins are coffins which have been placed on cliffs. ...

Sedimentation

There are two hazards uniquely identified with the dam:^[25] One is that sedimentation modeling is unverified^{[citation needed]}and the other is that the dam sits on a seismic fault.

Excessive sedimentation can block the sluice gates which can cause dam failure under some conditions. This was a contributing cause of the Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 that precipitated the failure of 61 other dams and resulted in over 200,000 deaths. Critics believe that the Yangtze will add 530 million tons of silt into the reservoir on average per year; in time, this silt would pile up behind the walls of the dam, clogging the turbines' entranceway^{[citation needed]}. Further, the absence of silt down stream would have two dramatic effects: The Banqiao Reservoir Dam (Chinese: ; pinyin: BÇŽnqiÃ¡o ShuÇkÃ¹ DÃ bÃ ) and Shimantan Reservoir Dam (Chinese: ; pinyin: ShÃmÃ ntÄn ShuÇkÃ¹ DÃ bÃ ) are among 62 dams in Zhumadian Prefecture of Chinas Henan Province that failed catastrophically in 1975 during Typhoon Nina. ... Length 6,380 km Elevation of the source ? m Average discharge 31,900 m³/s Area watershed 1,800,000 km² Origin Qinghai Province and Tibet Mouth East China Sea Basin countries China The Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: 长江; Traditional Chinese: 長江; pinyin: Cháng Jiāng... For other uses, see Silt (disambiguation). ... WWII era ship propulsion turbine A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow. ...

Also, the weight of the dam and reservoir can theoretically cause induced seismicity, as happened with the Katse Dam in Lesotho. Others point out that such criticism, purely theoretical in nature, was never leveled at other “mega-dams” such as the Nile’s Aswan Dam or the Itaipu Dam between Brazil and Paraguay. Riverbed may refer to: Stream bed, the channel bottom of a stream or river or creek Wadi, a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain Riverbed Technology, an American technology company Category: ... Afsluitdijk, a 32 km dike in the Netherlands. ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... In seismology, induced seismicity refers to earthquakes that are caused by human activity. ... The Katse Dam, part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, is a concrete arch dam in Lesotho. ... Map showing reservoir The hydroelectric power station of Aswan Dam Aswan is a city on the first cataract of the Nile in Egypt. ... Itaipu Dam Itaipu (Portuguese: Itaipu; SAMPA [itajpu]) is a dam that includes the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. ...

National Security Concerns

In an annual report to the United States Congress, the Department of Defense cited that in Taiwan, “proponents of strikes against the mainland apparently hope that merely presenting credible threats to China’s urban population or high-value targets, such as the Three Gorges Dam, will deter Chinese military coercion.”^[27] The notion that the Military of the Republic of China would seek to destroy the Dam provoked an angry response from the mainland China media. People’s Liberation Army General Liu Yuan was quoted in the China Youth Daily saying that the People’s Republic of China would be “seriously on guard against threats from Taiwan independence terrorists”.^[28] Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ... The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) maintains a large military establishment, which accounted for 16. ... ... Peoples Liberation Army redirects here. ... The China Youth Daily (ä¸åœ‹é’å¹´å ±) is one of the most important daily official newspapers and is the first independently operated central government news media portal in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Taiwan independence (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the...

Future projects upstream

In order to maximize utility of the Three Gorges Dam and cut down on sedimentation from the Jinshana tributary of the Yangtze river, China plans to build a series of dams upstream of the Yangtze river, including Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and downstream of Jinsha. The total capacity of those four dams is 38,500 MW, almost double the capacity of the Three Gorges. There are also another eight dams in the midstream of the Jinsha and eight more upstream of it.^[29] Jinshan (金山) is a rural township in northern Taipei County, Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... Jinsha (é‡‘æ²™) is an archaeological site in Sichuan, China. ... Jinsha (é‡‘æ²™) is an archaeological site in Sichuan, China. ...

Popular culture references

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... World War Z (abbreviated WWZ) is a novel by Max Brooks which chronicles the fictional titular Zombie World War. It is a follow-up to his previous book, The Zombie Survival Guide. ... This article is about the undead. ... Jia Zhangke (Simplified Chinese: è´¾æ¨ŸæŸ¯; Traditional Chinese: è³ˆæ¨ŸæŸ¯; pinyin: ) (born 1970) is a Chinese film director. ... Still Life (Chinese: ; pinyin: Sanxia haoren) (2006) is a Chinese film by Jia Zhangke. ... Lisa See is a Chinese-American author. ... Sid Meiers Civilization IV (Civilization IV or Civ4) is a turn-based strategy computer game released in 2005 and developed by lead designer Soren Johnson under the direction of Sid Meier and Meiers studio Firaxis Games. ...

Gallery

References

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^ ^a ^b MWC News, Agency reports, "China dam to displace millions more, October 13, 2007, retrieved October 13, 2007.
^ BBC News, "Millions forced out by China dam", October 13, 2007, retrieved October 13, 2007.
^ Xinhua, "Millions more face relocation from Three Gorges Reservoir Area", October 11, 2007, retrieved October 14, 2007.
^ Xinhua, "China warns of environmental "catastrophe" from Three Gorges Dam", September 26, 2007, retrieved October 14, 2007.
^ ^a ^b "China's Three Gorges Dam Under Fire", Time, October 12, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Mary Ann Toy, The Age AU, "Three Gorges Dam 'could be huge disaster'", October 13, 2007, retrieved October 13, 2007.
^ Topping, Audrey Ronning. Environmental controversy over the Three Gorges Dam. Earth Times News Service.
^ Winchester, Simon, The River at the Center of the World (Henry Holt & Co. NY 1998) p.228
^ Annual report on the military power of the People's Republic of China (.pdf). US Department of Defense. Retrieved on 2007-01-28.
^ "Troops sent to protect China dam", BBC, Tuesday, September 14, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-01-28.
^ Water Power Magazine, "Beyond Three Gorges in China", January 10, 2007, retrieved October 13, 2007.

id="External_links"> is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Taipei Times is one of the three English-language newspapers in Taiwan, the other two being the Taiwan News and the China Post. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... CBS News logo, used from Sept. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that China Daily Hong Kong Edition be merged into this article or section. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... â€œTIMEâ€ redirects here. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... BBC News website in June 2007. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News website in June 2007. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News website in June 2007. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Contents

History of the project var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};