This is a timeline, i.e. a chronology, of historically important programming languages. Other lists of programming languages are: For the novel by Michael Crichton, see Timeline (novel). ... A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ...

1. Alphabetical
2. Categorical
3. Chronological
4. Generational

The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and historicaal ones, in alphabetical order. ... This is a list of programming languages grouped by category. ... Here, a genealogy of programming languages is shown. ...

Legend

( Entry ) means a non-universal programming language

* <YEAR> means a unique language (no direct predecessor)

Look up Circa on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The Latin word circa, literally meaning about, is often used to describe various dates (often birth and death dates) that are uncertain. ... The analytical engine, an important step in the history of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose computer by the British professor of mathematics Charles Babbage. ... Babbage redirects here. ... Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (December 10, 1815 London, England – November 27, 1852 Marylebone, London, England [1]), born Augusta Ada Byron, is mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbages early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine. ... Plankalkül (German, Plan Calculus) is a computer language developed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse. ... Statue in Bad Hersfeld Konrad Zuse (June 22, 1910 Berlin - December 18, 1995 Hünfeld) was a German engineer and computer pioneer. ... For other persons named John Neumann, see John Neumann (disambiguation). ... Eckert and Mauchly examine a printout of ENIAC results in a newsreel from February 1946. ... Eckert and Mauchly examine a printout of ENIAC results in a newsreel from February 1946. ... Herman Heine Goldstine (September 13, 1913 – June 16, 2004) was one of the original developers of ENIAC. He worked closely with John von Neumann. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... For other persons named John Neumann, see John Neumann (disambiguation). ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... For other persons named John Neumann, see John Neumann (disambiguation). ... Herman Heine Goldstine (September 13, 1913 – June 16, 2004) was one of the original developers of ENIAC. He worked closely with John von Neumann. ... Harvard Mark I / IBM ASCC, left side. ... Haskell Brooks Curry (September 12, 1900, Millis, Massachusetts - September 1, 1982, State College, Pennsylvania) was an American mathematician and logician. ... This article is about the early computer language Short Code. ... Eckert and Mauchly examine a printout of ENIAC results in a newsreel from February 1946. ... Betty Holberton is one of the original ENIAC crew. ... In computing, the name Short code (singular noun) refers to the language of the same name which was the first actually implemented language[1] used for an electronic computing device. ... Arthur Walter Burks (born October 13, 1915 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American mathematician who in the 1940s as a senior engineer on the project contributed to the design of the ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. ... Maurice V. Wilkes Maurice Vincent Wilkes (born June 26, 1913 in Dudley, Staffordshire, England) is a British computer scientist, credited with several important developments in computing. ... Statue in Bad Hersfeld Konrad Zuse (June 22, 1910 Berlin - December 18, 1995 Hünfeld) was a German engineer and computer pioneer. ... Friedrich Ludwig Bauer (born June 10, 1924 in Regensburg) is a German computer scientist and professor emeritus at Munich University of Technology. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... The Whirlwind computer was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ... The Sort Merge Generator was an application developed by Betty Holberton in 1951 for the Univac I and is one of the first examples of using a computer to create a computer program. ... Betty Holberton is one of the original ENIAC crew. ... The A-0 system, written by Grace Hopper in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was the first compiler ever developed for a electronic computer. ... Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. ... Autocode is a class of simple high-level programming languages devised for a series of machines at the Universities of Manchester and Cambridge. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... Speedcoding or Speedcode was the first higher-order language created for an IBM computer [1]. The language was developed by John Backus in 1953 for the for 701 computer. ... The Laning and Zierler system was one of the first operating algebraic compilers, that is, a system capable of accepting mathematical formulae in algebraic notation and producing equivalent machine code. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... The Whirlwind computer was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ... The Mark I Autocode was a high level scientific programming language for the Manchester Mark I computer. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... John Backus (born December 3, 1924) is an American computer scientist, notable as the inventor of the first high-level programming language (FORTRAN), the Backus-Naur form (BNF, the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax), and the concept of Function-level programming. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... You may have been looking for arithmetic, a branch of mathematics. ... Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. ... MATH-MATIC is the marketing name for the AT-3 compiler. ... Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. ... Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology from about 1956. ... Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie-Mellon’s School of Computer Science. ... J.C. (Cliff) Shaw was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation. ... Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. ... FLOW-MATIC, Originally B-0, and possibly the first English-like Data Processing language. ... Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. ... Look up share on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Friedrich Ludwig Bauer (born June 10, 1924 in Regensburg) is a German computer scientist and professor emeritus at Munich University of Technology. ... Alan Jay Perlis (April 1, 1922 - February 7, 1990) was a prominent U.S. computer scientist. ... Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology from about 1956. ... Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie-Mellon’s School of Computer Science. ... J.C. (Cliff) Shaw was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation. ... Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. ... “LISP” redirects here. ... John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts, sometimes known affectionately as Uncle John McCarthy), is a prominent computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence. ... COMTRAN (COMmercial TRANslator) is a programming language which served as the forerunner to the COBOL language. ... Robert William Bemer (February 8, 1920 – June 22, 2004) was a computer scientist best known for his work at IBM during the late 1950s and early 1960s. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... John Backus (born December 3, 1924) is an American computer scientist, notable as the inventor of the first high-level programming language (FORTRAN), the Backus-Naur form (BNF, the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax), and the concept of Function-level programming. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... COMIT was the first string processing language (compare SNOBOL, TRAC, and Perl), developed on the IBM 700/7000 series computers by Dr. Victor Yngve and collaborators at MIT from 1957-1965. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... John Backus (born December 3, 1924) is an American computer scientist, notable as the inventor of the first high-level programming language (FORTRAN), the Backus-Naur form (BNF, the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax), and the concept of Function-level programming. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a programming language originally developed in the mid 1950s which became the de facto standard way to report algorithms in print for almost the next 30 years. ... IAL stands for a number of things, including: An international auxiliary language, such as Interlingua or Occidental International algorithmic language, later known as ALGOL 58 Intel Architecture Labs I Actually Laughed/Im Actually Laughing alternate Internet slang for LOL (Internet slang) International Academy of Lymphology, <http://www. ... Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language developed by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology from about 1956. ... Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie-Mellon’s School of Computer Science. ... J.C. (Cliff) Shaw was a systems programmer at the RAND Corporation. ... Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. ... COBOL (pronounced //) is a Third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. ... CODASYL (often spelt Codasyl) is an acronym for COnference on DAta SYstems Languages. This was a IT industry consortium formed in 1959 to guide the development of a standard programming language that could be used on many computers. ... JOVIAL stands for The International Algorithmic Language part of the name is from ALGOL. This high order language was developed to write software for the embedded systems of military aircraft by Jules Schwartz in 1959. ... System Development Corporation, based in Los Angeles, California, was spun off from RAND Corporation in 1957. ... “LISP” redirects here. ... John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts, sometimes known affectionately as Uncle John McCarthy), is a prominent computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence. ... TRAC (for Text Reckoning And Compiling) is a programming language developed in the early 1960s by Calvin Mooers (1919-1994). ... Calvin Northrup Mooers (1919-1994), was an American computer scientist who originated the expression_oriented text_processing language TRAC, and attempted to control its development by enforcement of his trademark on the name TRAC. External link Calvin N. Mooers Categories: Stub | 1919 births | 1994 deaths | Computer scientists ... ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a programming language originally developed in the mid 1950s which became the de facto standard way to report algorithms in print for almost the next 30 years. ... COBOL (pronounced //) is a Third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. ... CODASYL (often spelt Codasyl) is an acronym for COnference on DAta SYstems Languages. This was a IT industry consortium formed in 1959 to guide the development of a standard programming language that could be used on many computers. ... COMIT was the first string processing language (compare SNOBOL, TRAC, and Perl), developed on the IBM 700/7000 series computers by Dr. Victor Yngve and collaborators at MIT from 1957-1965. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... APL (for A Programming Language) is an array programming language based on a notation invented in 1957 by Kenneth E. Iverson while at Harvard University. ... Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920, Camrose, Alberta, Canada – 19 October 2004, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a computer scientist most notable for developing the APL programming language in 1957. ... MAD (short for Michigan Algorithm Decoder), developed in 1959 at the University of Michigan, was a variant of the International algorithmic language (IAL) developed for use with their UMES operating system (which preceded the Michigan Terminal System). ... Simula is a name for two programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. ... SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented symBOlic Language) is a computer programming language developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky. ... Ralph Griswold is Regents Professor Emeritus in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona, having retired in 1995. ... CPL or Cpl may stand for: In business: Coombs, Phillips and Lisansky, the founders of CPL Business Consultants NYSE stock symbol of CPFL Energia Cost per Lead, associated with the Pay per Lead Marketing method. ... Christopher Strachey (1916–1975) was a British computer scientist. ... SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented symBOlic Language) is a computer programming language developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky. ... Ralph Griswold is Regents Professor Emeritus in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona, having retired in 1995. ... It has been suggested that ALGOL object code be merged into this article or section. ... Adriaan van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916 - 7 February 1987) was an outstanding computer scientist who is considered by many to have been the founding father of informatica (computer science) in the Netherlands. ... JOSS (an acronym for JOHNNIAC Open Shop System), was one of the very first interactive, time sharing programming languages. ... The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit global policy think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the United States armed forces. ... A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic. ... COWSEL (COntrolled Working SpacE Language) is a programming language designed between 1964 and 1966 by Robin Popplestone. ... Roderick Burstall was one of three founders of the Edinburgh Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science. ... Robin John Popplestone (9 December 1938 - 14 April 2004) was a pioneer in the fields of machine intelligence and robotics. ... PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced pee el one) is an imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... BASIC is a family of high-level programming languages. ... John George Kemeny (Kemény János) (May 31, 1926–December 26, 1992), U.S. computer scientist and educator best known for co-developing the BASIC programming language in 1964 with Thomas Eugene Kurtz. ... Thomas Eugene Kurtz (born 1928), U.S. computer scientist; co-developed the BASIC programming language in 1963/64, together with John George Kemeny Categories: Stub | 1928 births | Computer pioneers | Computer scientists ... RPG is a programming language for business applications. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... MARK-IV is a Fourth-generation programming language that was created by Informatics, Inc. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... TRAC (for Text Reckoning And Compiling) is a programming language developed in the early 1960s by Calvin Mooers (1919-1994). ... Calvin Northrup Mooers (1919-1994), was an American computer scientist who originated the expression_oriented text_processing language TRAC, and attempted to control its development by enforcement of his trademark on the name TRAC. External link Calvin N. Mooers Categories: Stub | 1919 births | 1994 deaths | Computer scientists ... IITRAN was a programming language created in the mid 1960s. ... TELCOMP was a programming language developed at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) in about 1965 and in use until at least 1972. ... BBN Technologies (originally Bolt Beranek and Newman) is a high technology company that provides research and development services. ... JOSS (an acronym for JOHNNIAC Open Shop System), was one of the very first interactive, time sharing programming languages. ... The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit global policy think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the United States armed forces. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... ISWIM is a programming language devised by Peter J. Landin and first described in his article, The next 700 programming languages, published in the CACM in 1966. ... Peter Landin is a British computer scientist. ... CORAL (Computing Online Realtime Algorithmic Language) was developed in 1966 at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), Malvern, UK by I. F. Currie and M. Griffiths. ... BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a computer programming language that was designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966; it was originally intended for use in writing compilers for other languages. ... Martin Richards is a British computer scientist, best known for his development of the BCPL programming language, which is both the earliest major development in portable software, and the ancestor of the widely used C programming language. ... Massachusetts General Hospital (often abbreviated to Mass General or just MGH) is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and biomedical research facility in Boston, Massachusetts. ... APL (for A Programming Language) is an array programming language based on a notation invented in 1957 by Kenneth E. Iverson while at Harvard University. ... Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920, Camrose, Alberta, Canada – 19 October 2004, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a computer scientist most notable for developing the APL programming language in 1957. ... Simula is a name for two programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. ... Professor emeritus Ole-Johan Dahl (October 12, 1931 – June 29, 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard. ... Kristen Nygaard Kristen Nygaard (August 27, 1926 - August 10, 2002) was a Norwegian mathematician, computer programming language pioneer and politician. ... Norwegian Computing Centre (NCC, in Norwegian: Norsk Regnesentral or NR for short) is a private, independent, non-profit research foundation dating its history back to 1952. ... SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented symBOlic Language) is a computer programming language developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky. ... Ralph Griswold is Regents Professor Emeritus in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona, having retired in 1995. ... XPL is a dialect of the PL/I programming language targeted at the development of aerospace applications. ... Berkeley Davis Irvine Los Angeles Merced Riverside San Diego Santa Barbara Santa Cruz UC Office of the President in Oakland The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. ... For other uses, see Santa Cruz. ... Stanford redirects here. ... DIBOL or Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language is a is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language, which is well-suited for Management Information Systems (MIS) software development. ... Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ... POP-1 is the new name given to COWSEL beginning in 1966. ... Roderick Burstall was one of three founders of the Edinburgh Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science. ... Robin John Popplestone (9 December 1938 - 14 April 2004) was a pioneer in the fields of machine intelligence and robotics. ... Forth is a programming language and programming environment, initially developed by Charles H. Moore at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the early 1970s. ... Charles H. Moore Charles H. Moore (also known as Chuck Moore) (born 1938) is the inventor of the Forth programming language. ... The Logo programming language is a functional programming language. ... Seymour Papert Seymour Papert (born March 1, 1928 Pretoria, South Africa) is an MIT mathematician, computer scientist, and prominent educator. ... MAPPER (Maintaining and Preparing Executive Reports) is a 4GL that was developed by the Sperry Corporation for use on its systems; MAPPERs heritage dates back to the 1960s when Louis Schlueter conceived of the CRT RPS (Report Processing System - to differentiate it from RPG) as a means to help... Unisys Corporation (NYSE: UIS), based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware[3], is a global provider of information technology services and solutions. ... REFAL (for REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language) is a functional programming language targeted at symbol manipulation: string processing, translation, artificial intelligence. ... Valentin Turchin (born 1931) is a Russian-American cybernetician and computer scientist. ... Algol-W is a programming language. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare (Tony Hoare or C.A.R. Hoare, born January 11, 1934) is a British computer scientist, probably best known for the development of Quicksort (or Hoaresort), the worlds most widely used sorting algorithm, in 1960. ... ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and a more rigorously defined syntax and semantics. ... Adriaan van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916 - 7 February 1987) was an outstanding computer scientist who is considered by many to have been the founding father of informatica (computer science) in the Netherlands. ... PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced pee el one) is an imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... B was the name of a programming language developed at Bell Labs. ... Ken Thompson Kenneth Thompson (born February 4, 1943) is a pioneer of computer science notable for his contributions to the development of the C programming language and the UNIX operating system. ... Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (born September 9, 1941) is a computer scientist notable for his influence on ALTRAN, B, BCPL, C, Multics, and Unix. ... The Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL) was developed in 1969 at Harvard University by Thomas A. Standish. ... Harvard redirects here. ... Forth is a programming language and programming environment, initially developed by Charles H. Moore at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the early 1970s. ... Charles H. Moore Charles H. Moore (also known as Chuck Moore) (born 1938) is the inventor of the Forth programming language. ... POP-2 was a programming language developed around 1970 which drew roots from many sources: the languages LISP and ALGOL 60, and theoretical ideas from Landin. ... Pascal is a structured imperative computer programming language, developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a language particularly suitable for structured programming. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... Richard C. Ric Holt is a computer science professor. ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... For other uses, see Small talk. ... Bold text // Headline text Link title This article is about the computer research center. ... The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers) is a medium-level language developed by MAA (later Digital Research) in 1972 on behalf of Intel for its microprocessors. ... Gary Arlen Kildall (May 19, 1942 – July 11, 1994) was an early American microcomputer entrepreneur who created the CP/M operating system and founded Digital Research, Inc. ... Digital Research, Inc. ... C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ... Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (born September 9, 1941) is a computer scientist notable for his influence on ALTRAN, B, BCPL, C, Multics, and Unix. ... Jimbo Lyon, one of the authors of INTERCAL INTERCAL, programming language parody, is the canonical esoteric programming language created by Don Woods and James M. Lyon, two Princeton University students, in 1972. ... Prolog is a logic programming language. ... Professor Alain Colmerauer is the creator of the logic programming language Prolog for computers. ... COMAL (COMmon Algorithmic Language) is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Benedict Løfstedt and Børge Christensen in 1973. ... ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at the University of Edinburgh, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM. Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of... Robin Milner is a prominent British computer scientist. ... Jean David Ichbiah (born 25 March 1940) was the chief designer of the Ada programming language, from 1977–1983. ... Groupe Bull (also known as Bull Computer or simply Bull) is a French computer company based in Louveciennes, France, outside Paris. ... GRASS (GRAphics Symbiosis System) was a programming language created to script vector graphics visual animations in 2D. GRASS was similar to the BASIC programming language in syntax, but added numerous instructions for specifying 2D object animation, including scaling, translation, rotation and color changes over time. ... Tom DeFanti is a computer graphics researcher and pioneer. ... Scheme is a multi-paradigm programming language. ... // Gerald Jay Sussman is the Panasonic Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). ... Guy Lewis Steele, Jr. ... Altair BASIC, in its first incarnation, MITS 4K BASIC, was a true milestone in software history — the first programming language for the worlds first truly personal computer, the MITS Altair 8800. ... For other persons named Bill Gates, see Bill Gates (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Paul Allen, see Paul Allen (disambiguation). ... Intermetrics, Inc. ... In the mid-1970s, after designing the Pascal programming language, Niklaus Wirth began experimenting with program concurrency and modularization, which led to the design of the Modula programming language. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... For other uses, see Small talk. ... Bold text // Headline text Link title This article is about the computer research center. ... Stanley Cohen can refer to: Stanley Cohen - neurologist, Nobel Prize winner Stanley Cohen - former MP for Leeds, South-East Stanley Cohen - sociologist Stanley Cohen - geneticist Stanley Cohen - author STANLEY COHEN and RITA LEVI-MONTALCINI for their discoveries of growth factors. ... Aerial photo of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. ... Ratfor (short for RATional FORtran) is a programming language implemented as a preprocessor for Fortran. ... Brian Wilson Kernighan (IPA pronunciation: , the g is silent), (born 1942 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a computer scientist who worked at Bell Labs alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie and contributed greatly to Unix and its school of thought. ... S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories. ... Bell Telephone Laboratories or Bell Labs was originally the research and development arm of the United States Bell System, and was the premier corporate facility of its type, developing a range of revolutionary technologies from telephone switches to specialized coverings for telephone cables, to the transistor. ... FP (short for Function Programming) is a programming language created by John Backus to support the Function-level programming paradigm. ... John Backus (born December 3, 1924) is an American computer scientist, notable as the inventor of the first high-level programming language (FORTRAN), the Backus-Naur form (BNF, the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax), and the concept of Function-level programming. ... The Bourne shell, or sh, was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7, and replaced the Thompson shell, whose executable file had the same name, sh. ... Steve Bourne is a computer scientist, most famous as the author of the Bourne shell (sh), which remains the standard command line interface to Unix. ... IDL, short for interactive data language, is a programming language which has been a popular choice for data analysis among scientists in the past 15 years. ... For other uses of the word MUMPS, see Mumps (disambiguation). ... Icon is a very high-level programming language featuring goal directed execution and excellent facilities for managing strings and textual patterns. ... Ralph Griswold is Regents Professor Emeritus in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona, having retired in 1995. ... Jean David Ichbiah (born 25 March 1940) was the chief designer of the Ada programming language, from 1977–1983. ... Groupe Bull (also known as Bull Computer or simply Bull) is a French computer company based in Louveciennes, France, outside Paris. ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... Intermetrics, Inc. ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... John B. Goodenough is an American professor of mechanical and electrical engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... SRI Internationals main campus on Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California SRI International is one of the worlds largest contract research institutions. ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... Not to be confused with Matlab Upazila in Chandpur District, Bangladesh. ... Cleve Barry Moler is a mathematician and computer programmer specializing in numerical analysis. ... The University of New Mexico (UNM) is a public university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ... The University of Auckland (Māori: Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau) is New Zealands largest research-based university. ... SQL (IPA: or ) is a computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in relational database management systems, database schema creation and modification, and database object access control management. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... VisiCalc was the first spreadsheet program available for personal computers. ... Daniel S. Bricklin (born 16 July 1951) is the co-creator, with Bob Frankston, of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. ... Robert (Bob) M. Frankston (born in 1949) is the co-creator with Dan Bricklin of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program and the co-founder of Software Arts, the company that developed it. ... VisiCorp was an early personal computer software publisher. ... Modula-2 is a computer programming language invented by Niklaus Wirth at ETH around 1978, as a successor to Modula, an intermediate language by him. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) is an interpreted programming language which was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language which was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read. ... Mike Cowlishaw is an IBM Fellow based at IBM UK’s Warwick location, a Visiting Professor at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Warwick, and an elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (roughly the equivalent of the NAE in the USA). ... AWK is a general purpose computer language that is designed for processing text-based data, either in files or data streams. ... Dr. Alfred V. Aho is a computer scientist. ... Peter J. Weinberger is a computer scientist who worked at AT&T Bell Labs and contributed to the design of the pioneering AWK programming language (he is the W in AWK). ... Brian Wilson Kernighan (IPA pronunciation: , the g is silent), (born 1942 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a computer scientist who worked at Bell Labs alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie and contributed greatly to Unix and its school of thought. ... Icon is a very high-level programming language featuring goal directed execution and excellent facilities for managing strings and textual patterns. ... Ralph Griswold is Regents Professor Emeritus in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Arizona, having retired in 1995. ... dBASE III The correct title of this article is dBASE. The initial letter is capitalized because of technical restrictions. ... Ratliff is a surname of English origin. ... C++ (pronounced see plus plus, IPA: ) is a general-purpose, high-level programming language with low-level facilities. ... Bjarne Stroustrup Bjarne Stroustrup (IPA: ) (born December 30, 1950 in Aarhus, Denmark) is a computer scientist and the College of Engineering Chair Professor of Computer Science at Texas A&M University. ... For other uses, see Small talk. ... Bold text // Headline text Link title This article is about the computer research center. ... Gordon Eubanks Gordon Eubanks (b. ... Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC or more seldomly as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language... Brad Cox is a computer scientist and Ph. ... Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language. ... Groupe Bull (also known as Bull Computer or simply Bull) is a French computer company based in Louveciennes, France, outside Paris. ... C++ (pronounced ) is a general-purpose programming language. ... Bjarne Stroustrup Bjarne Stroustrup (IPA: ) (born December 30, 1950 in Aarhus, Denmark) is a computer scientist and the College of Engineering Chair Professor of Computer Science at Texas A&M University. ... True BASIC is a variant of the BASIC programming language descended from Dartmouth BASIC – the original BASIC – invented by college professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz. ... John George Kemeny (Kemény János) (May 31, 1926–December 26, 1992), U.S. computer scientist and educator best known for co-developing the BASIC programming language in 1964 with Thomas Eugene Kurtz. ... Thomas Eugene Kurtz (born 1928), U.S. computer scientist; co-developed the BASIC programming language in 1963/64, together with John George Kemeny Categories: Stub | 1928 births | Computer pioneers | Computer scientists ... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... COBOL (pronounced //) is a Third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. ... ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned, alongside the more recently introduced Java, as the language for programming SAPs Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. ... The abbreviation, acronym, or initialism SAP has several different meanings: SAP AG, a German software company, or its various products such as SAP R/3 or SAP Business Information Warehouse second audio program (television) Session Announcement Protocol Soritong audio player Simple As Possible Computer Architecture Structural Adjustment Program of the... The Korn shell (ksh) is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn (AT&T Bell Laboratories) in the early 1980s. ... David Korn is a computer programmer, who is probably best known for creating the Korn shell, a command line shell interface/programming language for UNIX-like systems. ... Forth is a programming language and programming environment, initially developed by Charles H. Moore at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the early 1970s. ... “LISP” redirects here. ... The RPL programming language (RPL meaning Reverse Polish LISP or, alternatively, ROM-based procedural language) is a handheld calculator system and application programming language used on Hewlett-Packards engineering graphing RPN calculators of the HP-28, HP-48 and HP-49 series. ... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ... Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. ... Clipper is a computer programming language that is used to create software programs that originally operated primarily under DOS. Although it is a powerful general-purpose programming language, it was primarily used to create database/business programs. ... Nantucket is an island south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, formed of glacial moraine. ... Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard X3. ... Guy Lewis Steele, Jr. ... Object Pascal is an object oriented derivative of Pascal mostly known as the primary programming language of Borland Delphi. ... Apple Inc. ... Paradox is a relational database management system currently published by Corel Corporation. ... Borland Software Corporation is a software company headquartered in Austin, Texas. ... Interpress is a page description language developed at Xerox PARC, based on the Forth programming language. ... For the literary term, see Postscript. ... John Warnock (b. ... Microsoft QuickBASIC (also QB or sometimes, QBasic, which is also a different system) is an Integrated Development Environment (or IDE) and Compiler for the BASIC programming language that was developed by Microsoft. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Miranda is a non-strict purely functional programming language developed by Professor David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages Sasl and KRC, using some concepts from ML and Hope. ... David A. Turner is a prominent British computer scientist. ... Affiliations University Alliance Association of Commonwealth Universities European University Association Website http://www. ... LabVIEW (short for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) is a platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments. ... The National Instruments Campus in Austin, Texas National Instruments, or NI (NASDAQ: NATI), is a producer of automated test equipment and virtual instrumentation software. ... Eiffel is an ISO-standardized object-oriented programming language designed for extensibility, reusability, reliability and programmer productivity. ... Bertrand Meyer (born 1950 in France) developed the Eiffel programming language, and is an author, academic and consultant in the field of computer languages. ... Informix-4GL is a 4GL programming language developed by Informix during the mid-1980s. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... PROMAL, or PROgrammers Microapplication Language is an interpreted C-like programming language from Systems Management Associates for MS-DOS, Commodore 64, and Apple II. [Computer Language, Mar 1986, pp. ... CorVision Logo used by Cortex // CorVision CorVision is a fourth generation programming tool (4GL) currently owned by International Software Group Ltd (ISG). ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... HyperTalk is a high-level programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computers HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson. ... Apple Inc. ... SQL (IPA: or ) is a computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in relational database management systems, database schema creation and modification, and database object access control management. ... Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Perl Programming Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ... Larry Wall Larry Wall (born September 27, 1954) is a programmer, linguist, and author, most widely known for his creation of the Perl programming language in 1987. ... Oberon is a programming language created in the late 1980s by Professor Niklaus Wirth (creator of the Pascal, Modula and Modula-2 programming languages) and his associates at ETHZ in Switzerland. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... Not to be confused with Matlab Upazila in Chandpur District, Bangladesh. ... Octave is a free computer program for performing numerical computations which is mostly compatible with MATLAB. It is part of the GNU project. ... dBASE III The correct title of this article is dBASE. The initial letter is capitalized because of technical restrictions. ... Tcl (originally from Tool Command Language, but nonetheless conventionally rendered as Tcl rather than TCL; and pronounced tickle) is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. ... John Ousterhout is the original force behind the scripting programming language Tcl and the platform-independent GUI toolkit Tk, which he developed when he was professor at the University of California, Berkeley. ... REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) is an interpreted programming language which was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language which was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read. ... SPARK is a secure, formally-defined programming language designed to support the development of software used in applications where correct operation is vital either for reasons of safety or business integrity. ... CompTIA A+® Certification CompTIA A+ certification is an international industry credential that validates the knowledge of computer service technicians with the equivalent of 500 hours of hands-on experience. ... Arthur Whitney is a computer scientist most notable for developing the K programming language. ... For other uses, see Mathematica (disambiguation). ... Wolfram Research is part of the Wolfram Group which consists of four companies: Wolfram Research Inc. ... Turbo Pascal 3. ... Anders Hejlsberg (born December 1960[1]) is a prominent Danish software engineer who co-designed several popular and commercially successful programming languages and development tools. ... Borland Software Corporation is a software company headquartered in Austin, Texas. ... C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ... The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced an-see) is a nonprofit organization that oversees the development of standards for products, services, processes and systems in the United States. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ... Olivetti Lettera 22, 1950 Ing. ... Object Oberon is a programming language which is based on the Oberon programming language with features for object-oriented programming. ... The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Ken Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL (also by Iverson) and the FP and FL function-level languages created by John Backus. ... Kenneth E. Iverson (17 December 1920, Camrose, Alberta/Canada –October 19, 2004,Toronto, Ontario/Canada) was a computer scientist most notable for developing the APL programming language. ... Roger Hui was co-developer of the J Programming Language. ... Haskell is a standardized purely functional programming language with non-strict semantics, named after the logician Haskell Curry. ... Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. ... Robin Milner is a prominent British computer scientist. ... Robert Harper in 2006. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... Oberon is a programming language created in the late 1980s by Professor Niklaus Wirth (creator of the Pascal, Modula and Modula-2 programming languages) and his associates at ETHZ in Switzerland. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language. ... Guido van Rossum Guido van Rossum is a Dutch computer programmer who is best known as the author of the Python programming language. ... Oz is a multi-paradigm programming language. ... Q (which stands for equational programming language) is an interpreted, interactive functional programming language created by Albert Gräf at the University of Mainz in Germany. ... This article is about the Visual Basic language shipping with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. ... Alan Cooper, an advocate of interaction design, runs a design company and writes books about how to make software user interfaces more usable. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... SQL (IPA: or ) is a computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in relational database management systems, database schema creation and modification, and database object access control management. ... Turbo Pascal, also known as Borland Pascal, is a cheap and powerful IDE for the DOS environment. ... The Z shell (zsh) is a Unix shell that can be used as an interactive login shell and as a powerful command interpreter for shell scripting. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... False is the antonym of the adjective true. ... Wouter van Oortmerssen, also known as Aardappel, is a computer programmer notable for his work in game programming as well as having designed several programming languages. ... WinDev is an integrated development environment, first published by PC SOFT in 1993, which allows programmers to create application based on a run-time engine (framework). ... Revolution is a commercially marketed Cross-platform rapid application development environment by Runtime Revolution Ltd. ... AppleScript is a scripting language devised by Apple, Inc. ... Apple Inc. ... K is a proprietary array processing language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems. ... Arthur Whitney is a computer scientist most notable for developing the K programming language. ... Ruby is a reflective, dynamic, object-oriented programming language. ... Yukihiro Matsumoto , a. ... In computing, the Lua (pronounced LOO-ah) programming language is a lightweight, reflective, imperative and procedural language, designed as a scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary goal. ... Roberto Ierusalimschy is an associate professor of informatics at PUC-Rio (Pontifical University in Rio de Janeiro). ... ZPL (short for Z-level Programming Language) is an array programming language designed to replace C and C++ programming languages in engineering and scientific applications. ... The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. ... NewtonScript is a prototype based programming language created to write programs for the Apple Newton. ... Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard X3. ... The Dylan programming language is a multi-paradigm language that includes support for functional and object-oriented programming, and is dynamic and reflective while providing a programming model designed to support efficient machine code generation, including fine-grained control over dynamic and static behaviors. ... Apple Inc. ... For other uses, see PHP (disambiguation). ... Rasmus Lerdorf (born November 22, 1968 in Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland) is a Danish-Canadian programmer and the author of the first version of the PHP web programming language. ... Elizabeth Rather is the co-founder of FORTH, Inc. ... Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language. ... “ISO” redirects here. ... Delphi has been released in many versions, including older versions which have been released in magazines for non-profit application use For the language Borland Delphi is programmed in, see Object Pascal. ... Anders Hejlsberg (born December 1960[1]) is a prominent Danish software engineer who co-designed several popular and commercially successful programming languages and development tools. ... Borland Software Corporation is a software company headquartered in Austin, Texas. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Macromedia Logo Macromedia is a graphics and web development software house. ... Java language redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... JavaScript, often mistyped as Javascript, is an object-oriented scripting language based on the concept of prototypes. ... Brendan Eich Brendan Eich (born 1964) is a computer programmer and creator of the JavaScript programming language. ... Netscape Communications Corporation was the publisher of the Netscape Navigator web browser as well as many other internet and intranet client and server software products. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Curl The Curl programming language (unrelated to cURL) is a reflective programming language designed to create interactive web content. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. ... Brendan Eich Brendan Eich (born 1964) is a computer programmer and creator of the JavaScript programming language. ... Netscape Communications Corporation was the publisher of the Netscape Navigator web browser as well as many other internet and intranet client and server software products. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... PDL (short for Perl Data Language) is a set of Array programming extensions to the Perl programming language. ... Karl Glazebrook is an Anglo-Australian astronomer best known for his work on galaxy formation, for playing a key role in developing the nod and shuffle technique for doing spectroscopy with large telescopes, and for originating the Perl Data Language (PDL). ... The R programming language, sometimes described as GNU S, is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. ... Robert Forbes Gentleman (born August 28, 1923) was a British water polo player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. ... REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) is an interpreted programming language which was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language which was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read. ... Mike Cowlishaw is an IBM Fellow based at IBM UK’s Warwick location, a Visiting Professor at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Warwick, and an elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (roughly the equivalent of the NAE in the USA). ... Lasso Professional combines an interpreted middleware programming language and server for developing internet applications which use web browsers for the client user interface to connect to HTTP and database servers. ... POSIX or Portable Operating System Interface[1] is the collective name of a family of related standards specified by the IEEE to define the application programming interface (API) for software compatible with variants of the Unix operating system. ... Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Oberon and Oberon-2, the last language Niklaus Wirth designed before he retired in 1999. ... E is an object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing, created by Mark S. Miller and others at Electric Communities in 1997. ... Mark S. Miller was one of the participants in the 1979 hypertext project known as Project Xanadu, the inventor of Miller Columns, co-creator of the Agoric Paradigm of Market-based distributed secure computing, and the open-source coordinator of the E programming language. ... Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. ... Robin Milner is a prominent British computer scientist. ... Robert Harper in 2006. ... For other uses, see PHP (disambiguation). ... Pico is a programming language developed at the PROG lab at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. ... For other places with the same name, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... Screenshot of the Squeak VM running under X11 on Kubuntu Linux. ... Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American computer scientist, known for his early pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface design. ... Apple Inc. ... ECMAScript is a scripting programming language, standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification. ... Ecma International is an international, private (membership-based) standards organization for information and communication systems. ... F-Script is an object oriented scripting language developed by Philippe Mougin at TechMetrix Research in France. ... C++ (pronounced ) is a general-purpose programming language. ... Erlang is a general-purpose concurrent programming language and runtime system. ... Ericsson () NASDAQ: ERIC. Founded in 1876, Ericsson is a leading provider of communications networks, related services and handset technology platforms. ... PIKT® is cross-categorical, multi-purpose software for global-view, site-at-a-time system and network administration. ... For other uses, see University of Chicago (disambiguation). ... The DASL Programming Language (Distributed Application Specification Language) is a high-level, strongly typed programming language originally developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories between 1999 and 2003 as part of the Ace Project to enable rapid development of web-based applications based on Suns J2EE architecture. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ... “ISO” redirects here. ... The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international standards organization dealing with electrical, electronic and related technologies. ... Document Style Semantics and Specifications Language (DSSSL) is a language for specifying stylesheets for SGML documents, based on a subset of the Scheme programming language. ... ... The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a consortium that produces standards—recommendations, as they call them—for the World Wide Web. ... This article is about Game Maker for Microsoft Windows. ... This article is about GML, the scripting language of Game Maker. ... Prof Dr. Mark H. Overmars (born 29 September 1958) is a Dutch programmer and teacher of programming (particularly of games). ... The DASL Programming Language (Distributed Application Specification Language) is a high-level, strongly typed programming language originally developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories between 1999 and 2003 as part of the Ace Project to enable rapid development of web-based applications based on Suns J2EE architecture. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Join Java is a programming language that extends the standard Java programming language with the Join Semantics of the Join Calculus. ... The Joy programming language is a simple functional programming language that was produced by Manfred von Thun of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia. ... The Joy programming language is a purely functional programming language that was produced by Manfred von Thun of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia. ... For other programming languages named D, see D (disambiguation)#Computing. ... Walter Bright is a computer programmer known for the design of the D programming language. ... XL stands for eXtensible Language. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Anders Hejlsberg (born December 1960[1]) is a prominent Danish software engineer who co-designed several popular and commercially successful programming languages and development tools. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... ECMA is short for European Computer Manufacturers Association (Name of Ecma International until 1994) East Coast Music Awards European Carton Makers Association[1] ECMAScript This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ferite is an object-oriented programming language inspired by several other programming languages. ... AspectJ is an aspect-oriented extension to the Java programming language created at Xerox PARC. An AspectJ compiler weaves aspects into Java bytecode to implement crosscutting concerns. ... Bold text // Headline text Link title This article is about the computer research center. ... Io is a pure object-oriented programming language inspired by Smalltalk, Self, Lisp and NewtonScript. ... S2 (Style System 2) is an object-oriented programming language developed in the late 1990s by Brad Fitzpatrick, Martin Mart Atkins, and others for the online journalling service LiveJournal in order to allow users full control over the appearance of their pages. ... Brad Fitzpatrick. ... The industrial drummer Martin Atkins was born in Coventry, England on August 3, 1959. ... Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. ... Nemerle is a high-level statically-typed programming language for the . ... Motto: Miasto spotkaÅ„ (the meeting place) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lower Silesian Powiat city county Gmina WrocÅ‚aw Established 10th century City Rights 1262 Government  - Mayor RafaÅ‚ Dutkiewicz Area  - City 292. ... Factor is a dynamically typed concatenative programming language whose design and implementation is led by Slava Pestov. ... Scala is a multi-paradigm programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... Subtext is a moderately visual programming language and environment, for writing application software. ... Boo is an object oriented, statically typed programming language developed starting in 2003, which seeks to make use of the Common Language Infrastructure support for Unicode, internationalization and web style applications, while using a Python-inspired syntax and a special focus on language and compiler extensibility. ... Object Pascal is an object oriented derivative of Pascal mostly known as the primary programming language of Borland Delphi. ... Chrome is a programming language for the Common Language Infrastructure developed by RemObjects Software. ... Groovy is an object-oriented programming language for the Java Platform as an alternative to the Java programming language. ... James Strachan was president of the Montreal Maroons when they won their first Stanley Cup championship in 1926. ... Links is an application programming language for the web that presents an alternative to the usual tiered architecture. ... Philip Wadler is a computer scientist well-known for his contributions to programming language design and type theory. ... The University of Edinburgh (Scottish Gaelic: ), founded in 1582,[4] is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Kite is a computer programming language that appeared in late 2006. ... The AS/400 control language (CL) is reminiscent of JCL and consists of an ever expanding set of command objects (*CMD) used to invoke traditional AS/400 programs and/or get help on what those programs do. ... DCL is the standard Command line interface (CLI) adopted by most of the operating systems that were sold by the former Digital Equipment Corporation (which has since been acquired by Hewlett-Packard). ... Windows PowerShell is an administration focused extensible command line interface (CLI) shell and scripting language product developed by Microsoft. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Cω (pronounced C omega and usually written as Cw or Comega language) is a free extension to the C# programming language, developed by the WebData team in SQL Server in collaboration with Microsoft Research in the UK and Redmond. ... Microsoft Research (MSR) is a division of Microsoft created in 1991 for researching various computer science topics and issues. ... Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language. ... “ISO” redirects here. ... Salesforce. ... Vala is a new (as of 2007) programming language, targeting GNOMEs gobject system. ... This article is about the mythical creature. ...

See also

• Programming language
• Timeline of computing
• History of computing hardware
• History of programming languages

A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ... This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing. ... Computing hardware has been an important component of the process of calculation and computer data storage since it became useful for numerical values to be processed and shared. ... It has been suggested that the section History from the article Programming language be merged into this article or section. ...

External links

• Online encyclopedia for the history of programming languages
• Diagram & history of programming languages
• Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history
• aiSee's timeline diagram of computer languages history