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Encyclopedia > Titin
Not to be confused with Tintin.
Sliding filament model of muscle contraction. (Titin labeled at upper right.)
Titin
Identifiers
Symbol TTN
Entrez 7273
HUGO 12403
OMIM 188840
RefSeq NM_133378
UniProt Q8WZ42
Other data
Locus Chr. 2 q31

Titin, also known as connectin[1] (UniProt name: Q10466_HUMAN; accession number: Q10466), is a protein that is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues. Look up Tintin, tintin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links SlidingMyofibril. ... The Entrez logo The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System allows access to databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. ... Look up Hugo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... National Center for Biotechnology Information logo The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. ... Swiss-Prot is a curated biological database of protein sequences created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute. ... Short and long arms Chromosome. ... Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... UniProt is the universal protein database, a central repository of protein data created by combining Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and PIR. This makes it the worlds most comprehensive resource on protein information. ... Accession number may mean: Accession number (bioinformatics), a unique identifier given to a biological polymer sequence (DNA, protein) when it is submitted to a sequence database Accession number (library science), the sequential number given to each new book, magazine subscription, or recording as it is entered in the catalog of... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Structure of a skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, attached to the skeleton. ...

Contents

Function

Titin connects the Z line to the M line in the sarcomere. The protein limits the range of motion of the sarcomere in tension, thus contributing to the passive stiffness of muscle. Variations in the sequence of titin between different types of muscle (e.g. cardiac or skeletal) has been correlated with differences in the mechanical properties of the muscles.[2] Image of sarcomere A sarcomere is the basic unit of a cross striated muscles myofibril. ... Tension is a reaction force applied by a stretched string (rope or a similar object) on the objects which stretch it. ...


Structure

Titin is the largest known protein, consisting of 26,926 amino acids. The molecular weight of the mature protein is approximately 2,993,451.39 Da, and it has a theoretical pI of 6.01[3] The protein's empirical chemical formula is C132983H211861N36149O40883S693. It has a theoretical instability index (II) of 39.69, indicating that it would be stable in a test tube. The protein's in vivo half-life, the time it takes for half of the amount of protein in a cell to disappear after its synthesis in the cell, is predicted to be approximately 30 hours (in mammalian reticulocytes).[4] This article is about the class of chemicals. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. ... The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The Instability index is a measure of proteins, used to determine whether it will be stable in a test tube. ... A test tube (Sometimes culture tube) is a kind of laboratory glassware, composed of a fingerlike length of glass tubing, open at the top, sometimes with a rounded lip at the top, and a rounded U shaped bottom. ... In vivo (Latin for (with)in the living). ... Half-Life For a quantity subject to exponential decay, the half-life is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... Reticulocyte Erythrocyte Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically comprising about 1% of the red cells in the human body. ...


Linguistic significance

As the largest known protein, titin has the longest full chemical name. The full chemical name, containing 189,820 letters, is sometimes stated to be the longest word in the English language. The longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes an English word. ...


References

  1. ^ Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 188840
  2. ^ Labeit S, Kolmerer B (1995). "Titins: giant proteins in charge of muscle ultrastructure and elasticity". Science 270: 293-6. 
  3. ^ ExPASy-calculated pI for titin. Retrieved on 2007-08-26.
  4. ^ Swiss-Prot Protein knowledgebase, main entry. Retrieved on 2006-05-04.

The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

  • Full chemical name of titin
v • d • e
Histology: muscle tissue
skeletal muscle/general epimysium, fascicle, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fiber (intrafusal, extrafusal), myofibril

sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin), tropomyosin, troponin (T, C, I) A thin section of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. ... Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. ... In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue. ... Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue which groups individual muscle fibers ( anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) into bundles or fascicles Endomysium Histology at cytochemistry. ... The endomysium, literally meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. ... A simplified, global view of a neuromuscular junction: 1. ... Intrafusal fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle. ... Extrafusal muscle fibers are served by axons of the alpha motor neurons. ... A diagram of the structure of a Myofybril Myofibrils (obsolete term: sarcostyles) are cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells. ... Image of sarcomere A sarcomere is the basic unit of a cross striated muscles myofibril. ... See sarcomere. ... G-Actin (PDB code: 1j6z). ... Myosin is a motor protein filament found in muscle tissue. ... Nebulin is an actin-binding molecule which is localized to the I-band in skeletal muscle. ... Troponin Tropomyosin, along with the troponin, regulate the shortening of the muscle protein filaments actin and myosin. ... Troponin Troponin is a complex of three proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. ... Troponin Troponin T is a part of the troponin complex. ... Troponin Troponin C is a part of the troponin complex. ... Troponin Troponin I is a part of the troponin complex. ...


costamere (dystrophin, α,β-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin/desmuslin, dysbindin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, sarcospan), desmin The costamere is a structural-functional component of skeletal muscle cells which, according to original descriptions in the early 1980s (which are generally still accepted), are sub-sarcolemmal protein assemblies circumferentially aligned in register with the Z-disk of peripheral myofibrils. ... Dystrophin is a protein found in membranes surrounding individual muscle fibers, and its deficiency is one of the root causes of muscular dystrophy. ... Dystrobrevin is a protein that binds to dystrophin in the costamere of skeletal muscle cells. ... Syncoilin is a muscle-specific intermediate filament, first isolated by Newey and colleagues[1] as a binding partner to α-dystrobrevin, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid assay. ... Synemin, also called desmuslin, is an intermediate filament (IF) and, like other IFs, primarily functions to integrate mechanical stress and maintain structural integrity in eukaryotic cells. ... Dysbindin, short for dystrobrevin-binding protein 1, is a protein constituent of the dystrophin-associated protein complex of skeletal muscle cells. ... The sarcoglcyans are a family of five transmembrane proteins (α, β, γ, δ or ε) involved in the protein complex responsible for connecting the muscle fibre cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, preventing damage the muscle fibre sarcolemma through shearing forces. ... Dystroglycan is a protein of the cytoskeleton involved in joining dystrophin and laminin. ... Sarcospan, discovered by the research group of Kevin Campbell, is a 25-kDa transmembrane protein located in the dystrophin-associated protein complex of skeletal muscle cells. ... Intermediate filaments are one component of the cytoskeleton - important structural components of living cells. ...


neuromuscular junction, motor unit, muscle spindle, excitation-contraction coupling, sliding filament mechanism A neuromuscular junction is the junction of the axon terminal of a motoneuron with the motor end plate, the highly-excitable region of muscle fiber plasma membrane responsible for initiation of action potentials across the muscles surface. ... A motor unit is a group of cells under the control of a single motor neuron; groups of motor units work together, as a single muscle. ... A muscle spindle is a specialized muscle structure innervated by both sensory and motor neuron axons. ... // Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is a term coined in 1952 to describe the physiological process of converting an electrical stimulus to mechanical response [1]. This process is fundamental to muscle physiology, whereby the electrical stimulus is usually an action potential and the mechanical response is contraction. ... The sliding filament mechanism is a process used by muscles to contract. ...

myoblast, satellite cell, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubule
cardiac muscle myocardium, intercalated disc, nebulette
smooth muscle calmodulin, vascular smooth muscle

  Results from FactBites:
 
Titin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (231 words)
Titin, also known as connectin, (UniProt name: Q10466_HUMAN; accession number: Q10466) is a protein that is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.
Titin connects the Z line to the M line in the sarcomere.
Titin is the largest known protein, consisting of 26,926 amino acids.
Biophysical Journal: Titin-actin interaction in mouse myocardium: Passive tension modulation and its regulation by ... (1330 words)
Titin is a giant protein that spans the length of the halfsarcomere to form a third filament system (in addition to the thin and thick filaments) in vertebrate striated muscle (for recent reviews see Wang 1996; Labeit et al., 1997; Gregorio et al., 1999; Trinick and Tskhovrebova 1999).
In the I-band, titin filaments exhibit elastic behavior upon sarcomere stretch, resulting in a force that is a primary contributor to the passive tension of cardiac muscle (Granzier and Irving 1995; Wu et al., 2000).
This suggestion is supported by titin's close proximity to the thin filament in the I-band, and by previous reports of binding between titin and actin, both in vitro and in situ (Kimura et al., 1984; Funatsu et al., 1993; Jin 1995; Kellermayer and Granzier 1996a,b; Linke et al., 1997; Trombitas and Granzier 1997).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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