Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
First President of Czechoslovakia
Born	March 7, 1850 Hodonín , Moravia, Austria-Hungary
Died	September 14, 1937 Prague, Czechoslovakia

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English) (March 7, 1850 - September 14, 1937) advocated Czechoslovak independence and became the first President of Czechoslovakia. photo of Tomas Masaryk File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in Leap years). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Moravia (Czech: Morava, German: Mähren, Polish: Morawy, Hungarian: Morvaország) is the eastern part of the Czech Republic. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in Leap years). ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Masaryk was born in the predominantly Catholic city of Hodonín, Moravia (then part of the Austrian Empire) to a working-class family (his father was a carter and Slovak by origin). As a youth he worked as a blacksmith. He studied in Brno, Vienna (1872-1876 philosophy with Franz Brentano) and Leipzig (with Wilhelm Wundt). In 1882, he gained an appointment as Professor of Philosophy in the Czech part of the University of Prague. The following year he founded Athenaeum, a magazine devoted to Czech culture and science. He wrote many works on history, exposing as fraudulent the supposed history taught before then (which included several anti-semitic tracts used to underpin Czech nationalism) and opposed racial prejudice. Although criticized by some, his efforts were acclaimed in Western intellectual circles. Moravia (Czech: Morava, German: Mähren, Polish: Morawy, Hungarian: Morvaország) is the eastern part of the Czech Republic. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire until 1867 and of the Austrian part of Austria_Hungary until 1918. ... Blacksmith Blacksmith at work Blacksmith at work Blacksmiths fire Hot metal work from a blacksmith A blacksmith is an artisan specializing in the hand-wrought manufacture of metal objects, such as wrought iron gates, grills, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, weapons, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils and tools. ... Brno  listen? (German: Brünn) is the second-largest city of the Czech Republic, located in the southeast of the country, at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine federal states (Bundesland Wien). ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The term philosophy derives from a combination of the Greek words philos meaning love and sophia meaning wisdom. ... Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Brentano (January 16, 1838 Marienberg am Rhein (near Boppard) - March 17, 1917 Zürich) was an influential figure in both philosophy and psychology. ... Map of Germany showing Leipzig Leipzig [ˈlaiptsɪç] (Polish; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... Wilhelm Max Wundt (August 16, 1832 – August 31, 1920), German physiologist and psychologist, is generally acknowledged as the founder of experimental psychology. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Charles University of Prague (also simply University of Prague; Czech: Univerzita Karlova; Latin: Universitas Carolina) is the oldest and most prestigious Czech university and among the oldest universities in Europe, being founded in 1340s (for the exact year, see below). ...

Masaryk served in the Austrian Parliament from 1891 to 1893 in the Young Czech Party and again from 1907 to 1914 in the Realist Party, becoming an ever more vocal proponent of independence of the Slavic peoples from Austria-Hungary. When the First World War broke out he had to flee the country to avoid arrest for treason, going to Geneva, to Italy, and then to London, where he continued to agitate for Czech independence. In 1917 he went to Russia to help organize Slavic resistance to the Austrians. In 1918 he travelled to the United States, where he convinced President Woodrow Wilson of the rightness of his cause. Between 1867 and 1918, the Reichsrat was the parliament of Cisleithania, the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, which was officially known as the kingdoms and lands represented in the Reichsrat (German die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder). ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Geneva: the Mont Blanc bridge over the Rhône River and St Peters Cathedral Geneva (French: Genève) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland located where Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman, but the Genevois are fond of calling it Lac de Genève) empties into the... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben Tower Bridge at night A red double-decker bus crosses Piccadilly Circus. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Dr. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 45th state Governor of New Jersey (1911-1913) and later the 28th President of the United States (1913-1921). ...

With the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, the Allies recognized Masaryk as head of the Provisional Czech government, and in 1920 he gained election as the first President of Czechoslovakia. He won re-election twice subsequently, and holding the office until 1935, when Edvard Beneš succeeded him. When spelt with a capital A, Allies usually denotes the countries that fought together against the Central Powers in World War I and against the Axis Powers in World War II. Other uses In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Edvard Beneš. ...

Masaryk married Charlotte Garrigue, an American, from whom he took his middle name. His son, Jan Masaryk, served as Foreign Minister in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile (1940 - 1945) and in the governments of 1945 to 1948. Jan Masaryk (September 14, 1886 - March 10, 1948) was a Czechoslovakian diplomat and politician. ...

Other facts of interest

• Avenida Presidente Masaryk ("President Masaryk Avenue"), Mexico City's equivalent of Fifth Avenue in New York, takes its name from him.
• Masaryk gained the nickname of the President-Liberator. Many referred to him by his initials: TGM.

Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México) is the federal capital of, and largest city in, Mexico. ... Street sign at Fifth Avenue and East 57th street Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in New York City. ... -1...

See also

• Liberalism
• Contributions to liberal theory

Liberalism is a political current embracing several historical and present-day ideologies that claim defense of individual liberty as the purpose of government. ... This is an (partial) overview of individuals that contributed to the development of liberal theory on a worldwide scale and therefore are strongly associated with the liberal tradition and instrumental in the exposition of political liberalism as a philosophy. ...

External links

• Who's Who: Tomas Masaryk (http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/masaryk.htm)

This is a list of presidents of Czechoslovakia. ... Milan Hodža. ...