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There exist many possible systems for transliterating the Cyrillic alphabet of the Russian language to English or the Latin alphabet. Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in English text. It is also essential for the input of Russian text into computer by users who either do not have the keyboard or word processor set up for input of Cyrillic, or else they are not capable of typing rapidly on the distinct Cyrillic keyboard. In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration on the QWERTY keyboard and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic. The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ...
Russian (Russian: руÑÑкий Ñзык, russkij jazyk, â–¶(?)) is the most widely spoken language of Europe and the most widespread of the Slavic languages. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
Typing is the process of inputting text into a device, such as a typewriter, computer, or a calculator, by pressing keys on a keyboard. ...
The QWERTY Layout QWERTY (pronounced kwerty or Q-werty) is the most common modern-day keyboard layout on most English language computer and typewriter keyboards. ...
Standard Cyrillic-to-English transliteration systems include:
- The United Nations-recommended romanization system (1987), based on GOST. Used in the Russian Federation and increasingly in international cartographic products.
- GOST 16876-71 (1983), from the Main Administration of Geodesy and Cartography of the former Soviet Union. Russian abbreviation of GOsudarstvenny STandart, "the State Standard".
- ISO 9:1995, from the International Organization for Standardization.
- America Library Association & Library of Congress (ALA-LC) Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (1997), used in North American libraries.
- BGN/PCGN 1947 transliteration system (United States Board on Geographic Names & Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use).
Note that the transliteration to other languages can be different (for instance: Russian "Воронин" = English "Voronin" = French "Voronine", Горбачёв = Gorbachev = Gorbatchev, etc.). This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
The international standard ISO 9 establishes a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of Slavic and non-Slavic languages. ...
Conventional transcription of Russian names
The following table describes a method to derive the most common informal transcriptions of Russian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers. It is similar to BGN/PCGN transliteration, with several exceptions. Transcription is the conversion into written, typewritten or printed form, of a written source—such as the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica articles of which are transcribed into the Wikipedia—or spoken language source, such as the proceedings of a court hearing. ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
Transliteration in a narrow sense is a mapping from one system of writing into another. ...
| Russian letter or letter combination | English transliteration | Special provision | Examples | | А (а) | A (a) | None | Аник = Anik
Поганкино = Pogankino | | Б (б) | B (b) | None | Болотин = Bolotin
Колбасин = Kolbasin | | В (в) | V (v) | None | Воронин = Voronin
Привалин = Privalin | | Г (г) | G (g) | None | Галкин = Galkin
Луговой = Lugovoy | | H (h) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Петергоф = Peterhof
| | Д (д) | D (d) | None | Дровяное = Drovyanoye
Подгорск = Podgorsk | | Е (е) | Ye (ye) | - In the beginning of words;
- after vowels;
- after ь;
- after ъ.
| - Ельцин = Yeltsin
- Раздольное = Razdolnoye
- Юрьев = Yuryev (ь omitted — see ь below);
- Подъездной = Podyezdnoy
| | E (e) | All other cases | Белкин = Belkin | | Ё (ё) | Yo (yo) | None | Ёлкино = Yolkino
Озёрск = Ozyorsk | | E (e) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Горбачёв = Gorbachev | | Ж (ж) | Zh (zh) | None | Жиров = Zhirov
Приволжское = Privolzhskoye | | З (з) | Z (z) | None | Зорин = Zorin
Обозов = Obozov | | И (и) | I (i) | Except in an –ий ending (see below) | Иркутск = Irkutsk
Владивосток = Vladivostok | | Й (й) | Y (y) | Except in –ый and –ий endings (see below) | Йошкар-Ола = Yoshkar-Ola
Буйск = Buysk | | I (i) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Край = Krai
Байкал = Baikal | | J (j) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | [Insert an example] | | К (к) | K (k) | None | Киров = Kirov
Галкин = Galkin | | Л (л) | L (l) | None | Лапинск = Lapinsk
Комсомольск = Komsomolsk | | М (м) | M (m) | None | Мичурин = Michurin
Колыма = Kolyma | | Н (н) | N (n) | None | Нальчик = Nalchik
Савино = Savino | | О (о) | O (o) | None | Оха = Okha
Грозный = Grozny | | П (п) | P (p) | None | Петроград = Petrograd
Ставрополь = Stavropol | | Р (р) | R (r) | None | Родниковое = Rodnikovoye
Высокогорск = Vysokogorsk | | С (с) | S (s) | None | Ступино = Stupino
Бирск = Birsk | | Т (т) | T (t) | None | Тавричанка = Tavrichanka
Ростов = Rostov | | У (у) | U (u) | None | Улетайск = Uletaysk
Шушенское = Shushenskoye | | Ф (ф) | F (f) | None | Фёдоровка = Fyodorovka
Корфу = Korfu | | Ph (ph) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Иосиф Сталин = Joseph Stalin | | Х (х) | Kh (kh) | None | Хабаровск = Khabarovsk
Оха = Okha | | Ц (ц) | Ts (ts) | None | Царское = Tsarskoye
Зарецкий = Zaretsky | | Ч (ч) | Ch (ch) | None | Черемшаны = Cheremshany
Зареченск = Zarechensk | | Tch (tch) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Чайковский = Tchaikovsky | | Ш (ш) | Sh (sh) | None | Шадрин = Shadrin
Моршанск = Morshansk | | Щ (щ) | Shch (shch) | None | Щукино = Shchukino
Рощинский = Roshchinsky | | Sch (sch) | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Хрущёв = Khruschev | | ъ (твёрдый знак) | Omitted | When followed by a vowel | Подъярский = Podyarsky | | " | When it is a commonly accepted convention | [Insert an example] | | Ы (ы) | Y (y) | Except in an –ый ending (see below) | Ыттык-Кёль = Yttyk-Kyol
Давыдов = Davydov | | ь (мягкий знак) | Omitted | - When followed by an iotated vowel;
- at the end of words;
- before a consonant.
| - Усолье = Usolye
- Выхухоль = Vykhukhol
- Дальнегорск = Dalnegorsk
| | y | When followed by a non-iotated vowel | Ильинский = Ilyinsky | | ' | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Русь = Rus' | | Э (э) | E (e) | None | Элиста = Elista
Тетраэдральный = Tetraedralny | | Ю (ю) | Yu (yu) | None | Юрмала = Yurmala
Козючинск = Kozyuchinsk | | Я (я) | Ya (ya) | None | Ярославль = Yaroslavl
Бурянск = Buryansk | | Кс (кс) | x | In names like Alexander and Alexey (sometimes) | Александр = Alexander
Алексей = Alexey | | Ks (ks) | In all other cases | Ксинск = Ksinsk
Моксинский = Moksinsky | | –ый endings | y | None | Красный = Krasny | | iy | When it is a commonly accepted convention | [Insert an example] | | –ий endings | y | –iy is also acceptable | Синий = Siny (Siniy) | | iy | –y is also acceptable | Великий = Velikiy (Veliky) | | i | When it is a commonly accepted convention | Юрий = Yuri | Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-18, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
Iotation is a form of palatalisation which occurs in Slavic languages. ...
Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
See also The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ...
The Early Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in Bulgaria during the 10th century A.D. for the writing of Old Church Slavonic. ...
Volapuk encoding (Russian: кодировка волÑпюк (or волапюк, kodirovka volapyuk)) is a slang term for rendering the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet by the Latin ones. ...
Graphic designers sometimes employ faux Cyrillic typography to give a Slavic feel to English text, by replacing Latin letters with Cyrillic letters resembling them. ...
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