NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Treaty of Verdun

In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charles the Great's (Charlemagne's) grandsons, divided his territories, the Carolingian Empire, into three kingdoms. Though often presented as the beginning of a devolution or dissolution of Charlemagne's unitary empire, it in fact reflected the continued adherence to the Germanic, and therefore Frankish, idea of a partible or divisible inheritance rather than primogeniture, inheritance by the eldest son. Download high resolution version (1013x800, 284 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1013x800, 284 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Map of Carolingian Empire The term Carolingian Empire is sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the dynasty of the Carolingians. ... Verdun, (German: Wirten) sometimes also called Verdun-sur-Meuse, is a city and commune in northeast France, in the Meuse département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht DÃ¼rer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... Map of Carolingian Empire The term Carolingian Empire is sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the dynasty of the Carolingians. ... A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht DÃ¼rer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... Partible inheritance is a general term applied to systems of inheritance in which property may be divided between heirs. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ...

When Louis the Pious died in 840, the eldest son, Lothair I, claimed overlordship over his brothers' kingdoms and supported the claim of his nephew Pepin II as king of Aquitaine. After his brothers Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeated his forces at the Battle of Fontenay (841) and sealed their alliance with the Oath of Strasbourg (842), Lothair was willing to negotiate. Lothair I Lothair I (German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 â€“ 2 March 855), king of Italy (818 â€“ 855) and Holy Roman Emperor (840 â€“ 855), was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman, duke of Hesbaye. ... Pepin II, called the Younger (823-after 864, Senlis), was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father, Pepin I. Pepin II was eldest son of Pepin I and Ingeltrude (also called Engelberga, Hringard, or Ringart), daughter of the count of Madrie, Theodobert. ... Louis the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian or German Ludwig der Deutsche) (804 â€“ August 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, was the king of Bavaria from 817, when his father partitioned the empire... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... Combatants Imperialists Divisionists Commanders Lothair I, frankish king Charles the Bald, Louis the German Strength 150,000 150,000 Casualties 20-30,000 10,000-20,000 Contention over the division of the Holy Roman Empire between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious culminated in the decisive Battle... In 842, Louis the German, son of Louis the Pious, and ruler of the eastern Frankish kingdom, met with his brother, Charles the Bald, ruler of the western Frankish kingdom, at Strasbourg. ... Events Oaths of Strasbourg â€” alliance of Louis the German and Charles the Bald against emperor Lothar â€” sworn and recorded in vernacular languages. ...

Each of the brothers was already established in one kingdom - Lothair in Italy, Louis the German in Bavaria, and Charles the Bald in Aquitaine. Louis the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian or German Ludwig der Deutsche) (804 â€“ August 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, was the king of Bavaria from 817, when his father partitioned the empire... For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... (Region flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Dordogne Gironde Landes Lot-et-Garonne PyrÃ©nÃ©es-Atlantiques Arrondissements 18 Cantons 235 Communes 2,296 Statistics Land area1 41,308 kmÂ² Population (Ranked 6th) - January 1, 2006 est. ...

Lothair received the central portion of the empire - what later became the Low Countries, Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence, and Italy, and the imperial title as an honour without more than nominal overlordship. Lothair received the Imperial title, the Kingship of Italy, and the territory between the Rhine and Rhône Rivers, collectively called the Middle Frankish Kingdom.

Louis the German received the eastern portion, much of what later became today's Germany through the intermediate collection of states, the Holy Roman Empire. Louis was guaranteed the kingship of all lands to the east of the Rhine and to the north and east of Italy, which was called the Eastern Frankish Realm which was the precursor to the Medieval conglomeration of disparate states known as the Holy Roman Empire and thence to modern Germany.

Charles the Bald received the western portion, which later became France. Pepin II was granted the kingdom of Aquitaine, but only under the authority of Charles. Charles received all lands west of the Rhône, which was called the Western Frankish Realm.

Carolingian Empire after the Treaty of Meerssen.

Lothar retired Italy to his eldest son Louis II in 844, making him co-Emperor in 850. Lothar died in 855, dividing his kingdom into three parts: the territory already held by Louis remained his, the territory of the former Kingdom of Burgundy was granted to his third son Charles of Provence, and the remaining territory to his second son Lothar II, after whom the hitherto nameless territory was called Lotharingia. The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries (see Country) on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse (Maas) rivers. ... Lorraine coat of arms location of the Lorraine province Lorraine (French: Lorraine; German: Lothringen) is a historical area in present-day northeast France. ... (New rÃ©gion flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Bas-Rhin Haut-Rhin Arrondissements 13 Cantons 75 Communes 903 Statistics Land area1 8,280 kmÂ² Population (Ranked 14th) - January 1, 2006 est. ... rÃ©gion of Bourgogne, see Bourgogne. ... Coat of arms of Provence Provence (ProvenÃ§al Occitan: ProvenÃ§a in classical norm or ProuvÃ¨nÃ§o in Mistralian norm) was a Roman province and now is a region of southeastern France on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Italy. ... It has been suggested that River Rhine Pollution: November 1986 be merged into this article or section. ... The RhÃ´ne River, or the RhÃ´ne (French RhÃ´ne, Arpitan RÃ´no, Occitan RÃ²se, standard German Rhone, Valais German Rotten), is one of the major rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. ... Middle Francia describes the realm created for Emperor Lothair I, wedged between East Francia and West Francia. ... Eastern Francia were the lands of Louis the German after the Treaty of Verdun of 843. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... The Eastern Franks were the lands of Louis the German after the Treaty of Verdun. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... Western Francia was the land under the control of Charles the Bald after the Treaty of Verdun of 843, which divided the Carolingian Empire of the Franks into an East, West, and Middle. ... The Western Franks generally speaking were the lands under the control of Charles the Bald after the Treaty of Verdun. ... The Division of the Carolingian Empire: Verdun 843 and Mersen, 870 (Col) Source: Adapted from Muirs Historical Atlas: (1911) Public domain image, taken from digitized copy at Internet Medieval Sourcebook[1] This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ... The Division of the Carolingian Empire: Verdun 843 and Mersen, 870 (Col) Source: Adapted from Muirs Historical Atlas: (1911) Public domain image, taken from digitized copy at Internet Medieval Sourcebook[1] This image is in the public domain in the United States and possibly other jurisdictions. ... The Treaty of Mersen (870 AD) was an agreement of the division of the Carolingian Empire by the sons of Louis I, Charles II of the West Franks (France) and Louis the German of East Franks (Germany), signed at the town of Meerssen, which is now in the Netherlands. ... Louis II, (825 â€“ 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 â€“ 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844. ... Events April 20 - Guntherus becomes Bishop of Cologne. ... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... rÃ©gion of Bourgogne, see Bourgogne. ... Charles was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863. ... Lothair (825 - August 8, 869), was the second son of the emperor Lothair I. On his fathers death in 855, he received for his kingdom a district lying west of the Rhine, between the North Sea and the Jura mountains, which was called Regnum Lotharii and early in the... Lotharingia (yellow), as established by the Treaty of Verdun, 843, and reduced by the Treaty of Mersen, 870 Lotharingia was a short-lived kingdom in western Europe, the aggregate of territories belonging to Lothair, King of Lotharingia (reigned 855â€“869), who received it in 855 from his father, Lothair I...

Louis II, dissatisfied with having received no additional territory with his father's death, allied with his uncle Louis the German against his brother Lothar and his uncle Charles the Bald in 858. Lothar was reconciled with his brother and uncle shortly after, though Charles was so unpopular he could not raise an army to fight the invasion and fled to Burgundy, he was only saved when the bishops refused to crown Louis the German King. Charles the Bald invaded Charles of Provence's Kingdom of Burgundy in 860, but was repulsed. Lothar II ceded lands to Louis II in 862 for support of a divorce from his wife, which caused repeated conflicts with the Pope and his uncles. Charles of Burgundy died in 863, and his Kingdom was inherited by Louis II. Louis the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian or German Ludwig der Deutsche) (804 â€“ August 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, was the king of Bavaria from 817, when his father partitioned the empire... Charles was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863. ...

Lothar II died in 869 with no legitimate heirs, and his Kingdom was divided between Charles the Bald and Louis the German in 870 by the Treaty of Meerssen. Meanwhile, Louis the German was involved with disputes with his three sons. Louis II died in 875, and named Carloman, the eldest son of Louis the German, his heir. Charles the Bald, supported by the Pope, was crowned both King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor. The following year, Louis the German died. Charles tried to annex his realm too, but was defeated decisively at Andernach, and the Kingdom of the eastern Franks was divided between Louis the Younger, Carloman of Bavaria and Charles the Fat. The Treaty of Mersen (870 AD) was an agreement of the division of the Carolingian Empire by the sons of Louis I, Charles II of the West Franks (France) and Louis the German of East Franks (Germany), signed at the town of Meerssen, which is now in the Netherlands. ... Carloman (830-880) was the eldest son of Louis the German, king of East Francia (Germany), and Emma, daughter of the count Welf. ... // Andernach (pronounced: [ËˆandÉ™rËŒnax], the syllable -ach as in Gaelic) is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany of currently about 30,000 inhabitants which are named der/die Andernacher (male singular and plural forms are identical), and the lady/-ies are die Andernacherin... For the King of France known as Louis the Younger, see Louis VII of France. ... Carloman (830-880) was the eldest son of Louis the German, king of East Francia (Germany), and Emma, daughter of the count Welf. ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ...

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