NationMaster - Encyclopedia: United Airlines Flight 93

United Airlines Flight 93 was a scheduled flight from Newark International Airport (now Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, then continuing on to Narita International Airport near Tokyo, Japan, on a different aircraft. On September 11, 2001, the United Airlines Boeing 757-222, registered N591UA,^[1] was one of four planes hijacked as part of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. It did not reach its intended target, instead crashing in an empty field just outside Shanksville, Pennsylvania, about 150 miles (240 km) northwest of Washington, D.C. The 9/11 Commission (through testimony, tapes of passengers' phone calls, and the flight data recorders recovered from the crash) determined that crew and passengers, alerted through phone calls to loved ones, had attempted to overpower the hijackers. The Commission concluded that the hijackers crashed the plane to keep the crew and passengers from gaining control. is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Main Street in Shanksville. ... For the massive interchange outside of Newark Liberty International Airport, see Newark Airport Interchange. ... FAA diagram of SFO â€œSFOâ€ redirects here. ... The Boeing 757 is a medium-range transcontinental commercial passenger airplane manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ... United Airlines, also known as United Air Lines, Inc. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... September 11, 2001 attacks timeline Background History 1972: One World Trade Center completed. ... THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS THE PHRASE FUCK THE US GOVERNMENT HIDDEN THROUGHOUT THE ARTICLE...IT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE CLEAN UP // According to the presidents of the United States and the Philippines, the September 11, 2001 attacks originated with Operation Bojinka (a plan that was not executed), which was conceived by Khalid Shaikh... The September 11, 2001 attacks, in addition to being a unique act of aggression, constituted a media event on a scale not seen since the advent of civilian global satellite links, round-the-clock television news organizations and the instant worldwide reaction and debate made possible by the Internet. ... All times, except where otherwise noted, in New York Time (EDT). ... All times, except where otherwise noted, in New York Time (EDT). ... // 2001 November Thursday, November 1, 2001 Afternoon: Deputy Mayor Anthony P. Coles meets with the two firefighter union leaders, Fire Capt. ... According to the 9/11 Commission, between 16,400 and 18,800 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attacks. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Flight 11 redirects here. ... United Airlines Flight 175 was a morning flight that regularly flew from Logan International Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California. ... Security camera image showing American Airlines Flight 77 (highlighted) just before and after impact. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... This article is about the United States military building. ... Main Street in Shanksville. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks defined the first term of President George W. Bush and led to what he has called the War on Terrorism, or war against terrorism. ... The following worldwide effects arose from the September 11, 2001 attacks: All Canadian military bases increased their level of security awareness. ... Major economic effects arose from September 11, 2001 attacks, with initial shock causing global stock markets to drop sharply. ... Soon after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States Government began detaining people who fit the profile of the suspected hijackers: mostly male, Arabic or Muslim noncitizens. ... Box-cutter knives were apparently used in the September 11, 2001 attacks, though such knives are not usually considered weapons. ... Many closings and cancellations followed the September 11, 2001 attacks, including major landmarks, buildings, as well as postponement or cancellation of major sporting and other events. ... A variety of conspiracy theories have emerged which contradict the mainstream account of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... This article talks about the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... The September 11, 2001, attacks had an important impact on the audiovisual entertainment business, not just in terms of television coverage. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks have been the subject of numerous films and other works of art and literature, including: // Hollywoods first reaction to the September 11 attacks was to alter, delay or even cancel films that unintentionally evoked the disaster. ... There has been growing concern over the health effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the Financial District of lower Manhattan. ... Global Guardian is an annual training exercise sponsored by the United States Strategic Command in conjunction with Space Command and NORAD. Its main purpose is to test the militarys command and control procedures in the event of nuclear warfare. ... The response of the U.S. government to the September 11, 2001 attacks sparked investigations into the motivations and execution of the attacks, as well as the ongoing War on Terrorism in Iraq. ... A bucket brigade works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001 The area surrounding the World Trade Center became the site of the greatest number of casualties and missing, and physical destruction. ... Charities and relief agencies raised over $657 million in the three weeks following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the vast bulk going to immediate survivors and victims families. ... Operation Yellow Ribbon is the name of the operation that Transport Canada created to handle the diversion of civilian airline flights following the September 11, 2001, attacks. ... The first memorials to the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks began to take shape online, as hundreds of webmasters posted their own thoughts, links to the Red Cross, and other rescue agencies, photos and eyewitness accounts. ... The United States government identified 19 hijackers as being responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks, and linked the attacks to Osama bin Laden. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks were carried out by 19 hijackers, with planning and organization of the attacks involving numerous additional members of al-Qaeda. ... Communications problems and successes played an important role in the September 11, 2001 attacks and their aftermath. ... Ground Zero debris with markup showing building locations. ... The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States spawned a number of catchphrases, terms, and slogans, many of which continue to be used a half-decade after the event. ... The Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities before and after the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 is the official name of the inquiry conducted by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence into the activities of the U.S. Intelligence Community in... The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... For the massive interchange outside of Newark Liberty International Airport, see Newark Airport Interchange. ... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006â€“2010 Area [1] - Total 26. ... FAA diagram of SFO â€œSFOâ€ redirects here. ... Narita International Airport ) (IATA: NRT, ICAO: RJAA) is an international airport located in Narita, Chiba, Japan, in the eastern portion of the Greater Tokyo Area. ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... United Airlines, also known as United Air Lines, Inc. ... The Boeing 757 is an American short to medium range commercial passenger aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ... Hijackers inside flightdeck of TWA Flight 847 Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... Main Street in Shanksville. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response...

Hijackers

The hijackers were reported to be the following Image File history File links Download high resolution version (810x584, 201 KB) Summary Image from Section 1 of the 9/11 Commission report, without labels of origin and destination. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (810x584, 201 KB) Summary Image from Section 1 of the 9/11 Commission report, without labels of origin and destination. ...

Of these, Ahmed al-Haznawi was the only hijacker selected on United Airlines Flight 93 by CAPPS. His checked bags underwent extra screening for explosives, with no extra scrutiny required by CAPPS at the passenger-security checkpoint.^[2] Ziad Samir Jarrah (Arabic: Ø²ÙŠØ§Ø¯ Ø³Ù…ÙŠØ± Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø) He is believed to have taken over as the pilot of the aircraft and made an unsuccessful attempt to crash the plane into the U.S. Capitol. ... Ahmed Ibrahim al-Haznawi (Arabic: Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù‡ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„ØØ²Ù†Ø§ÙˆÙŠ) // Al-Haznawi was the son of an Saudi imam from al-Baha, an isolated and underdeveloped area in Saudi Arabia and shared the same tribal affiliation with fellow hijackers Saeed al-Ghamdi, Hamza al-Ghamdi, and Ahmed al-Ghamdi. ... The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. ... Ahmed Abdullah al-Nami (Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù†Ø§Ù…ÙŠ, also transliterated Alnami or al-Nawi) was named by the FBI as one of the hijackers of United Airlines flight 93 as part of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ... Saeed al-Ghamdi (Arabic: Ø³Ø¹ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„ØºØ§Ù…Ø¯ÙŠ) was named by the FBI as one of the hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 as part of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. ... Ahmed Ibrahim al-Haznawi (Arabic: Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù‡ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„ØØ²Ù†Ø§ÙˆÙŠ) // Al-Haznawi was the son of an Saudi imam from al-Baha, an isolated and underdeveloped area in Saudi Arabia and shared the same tribal affiliation with fellow hijackers Saeed al-Ghamdi, Hamza al-Ghamdi, and Ahmed al-Ghamdi. ... The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (often abbreviated CAPPS) is a counter-terrorism system in place in the United States air travel industry. ...

The other three flights hijacked on the same day involved five hijackers. As Flight 93 had only four, this has led to speculation of a twentieth hijacker who was not able to participate. A 20th hijacker is a hypothetical additional terrorist in the September 11, 2001 attacks who was not able to participate. ...

The flight

The plane was a Boeing 757-222 on a morning route from Newark International Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, near New York City, to San Francisco International Airport near San Francisco, California (EWR-SFO). It had 182 seats but was carrying only 37 passengers (including the four hijackers) and seven crew members: two pilots, the captain Jason M. Dahl and his first officer, LeRoy Homer Jr.; and five flight attendants. Because one passenger had booked two seats, some early accounts said there were 38 passengers on board. The four hijackers were seated in first class. The Boeing 757 is an American short to medium range commercial passenger aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ... For the massive interchange outside of Newark Liberty International Airport, see Newark Airport Interchange. ... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006â€“2010 Area [1] - Total 26. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... FAA diagram of SFO â€œSFOâ€ redirects here. ... San Francisco redirects here. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Stub | Crimes | Terrorism | IT ... United Airlines Flight 93 was a regular flight from Newark International Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) in Newark, New Jersey, to San Francisco International Airport, then continuing on to Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan, on a different aircraft. ... In commercial aviation, the first officer is the second pilot of an aircraft. ... LeRoy Wilton Homer Jr. ...

The aircraft was scheduled to depart at 8:00 a.m. but did not lift off until 8:42 due to routine heavy morning traffic.^[3] Had the flight departed on time, it would likely have been hijacked around the same time as the other flights, and there is little chance the passengers would have had time to organize a revolt. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 547 KB) An American flag flies over Gate 17 of Terminal A at Newark Liberty International Airport. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 547 KB) An American flag flies over Gate 17 of Terminal A at Newark Liberty International Airport. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

By 9:02 a.m., the aircraft reached its cruising altitude of 35,000 feet.^[1] At 9:24 a.m. Flight 93 received from flight dispatch the warning "Beware any cockpit intrusion—two a/c [aircraft] hit World Trade Center". At 9:26 a.m. the pilot asked for confirmation of the message. That was the last time flight dispatch heard from Flight 93. For the Canadian musical group, see Air Traffic Control (band). ...

At about 9:28 a.m., after both towers of the World Trade Center had already been hit, air traffic controllers in Cleveland Center overheard the pilot Jason Dahl yelling "Get out of here", along with commotion and possibly screaming from the cockpit.^[1] Forty seconds later, more screams were heard. During this time the aircraft dropped 700 feet (200 m). Air traffic controllers tried to contact the pilot and received no reply. For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... Controllers survey the field at Misawa Air Base, Japan. ... Cleveland redirects here. ...

The cockpit voice recording, which was recorded on a 30 minute loop, began at 9:32 a.m.^[1] At 9:32 a man with an Arabic accent, probably Ziad Jarrah, transmitted to air traffic control the following: "Ladies and gentlemen: Here the captain, please sit down keep remaining seating. We have a bomb on board. So sit.." (It is likely that Jarrah was attempting to broadcast this over the plane's intercom, but did not understand that the message was transmitted to air traffic control instead.) The flight then reversed direction and began flying eastward at a low altitude. At 9:39 air traffic controllers overheard Jarrah saying, "Hi. Here's the captain. I would like to tell you all to remain seated. We have a bomb aboard, and are going back to the airport, and to have our demands. So, please remain quiet." There were no further transmissions. A Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) is a flight recorder used to record the audio environment in the flightdeck of an aircraft for the purpose of investigation of accidents and incidents. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Accents mark speakers as a member of a group by their pronunciation of the standard language. ... Ziad Samir Jarrah (Arabic: Ø²ÙŠØ§Ø¯ Ø³Ù…ÙŠØ± Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø) He is believed to have taken over as the pilot of the aircraft and made an unsuccessful attempt to crash the plane into the U.S. Capitol. ...

Phone calls

Much of what happened on the plane has been reconstructed from the many phone calls made by passengers and crew, mainly through onboard Verizon airfones. Beginning at approximately 9:32 a.m., 50 minutes after the flight took off, passengers and crew began making phone calls.^[4] This was approximately the same time that Jarrah began making announcements to the passengers, "Ladies and Gentlemen: Here the captain, please sit down keep remaining sitting. We have a bomb on board. So, sit."^[4] The hijackers were aware that passengers were making phone calls, but did not seem to care.^[4] This article or section should include material from Bell Atlantic This article or section should include material from GTE Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ) is a local exchange telephone company formed by the merger of Bell Atlantic, a former Bell Operating Company, and GTE, which was the largest independant local exchange... Airfone is a brand of air-ground radiotelephone service offered by Verizon. ...

Ten passengers and two crew members were able to make calls that went through, providing information to family, friends, and others on the ground.^[4] This was in marked contrast to the other three planes, where few phone calls were made. It has thus been possible to assemble a detailed yet incomplete picture of what happened on board through these calls. All callers reported that there were three rather than four hijackers. This has been interpreted as meaning that one of them (probably Jarrah, who was seated in the front row [seat 1B] and who is accepted as being the pilot) entered the cockpit immediately and did not re-emerge. He was thus not seen by the others on the plane.

In the passenger cabin, three hijackers wearing red bandannas herded most of the passengers and crew to the back of the plane.^[4] Two were armed with knives.^[4] Passengers mentioned a third hijacker with a box that supposedly contained a bomb; One passenger expressed the belief that the bomb was fake.^[4] One male passenger was stabbed, probably before the herding started. This person was never named or described in the phone calls, but authorities believe it was Mark Rothenberg, the only first-class passenger who did not make a phone call. A flight attendant, most likely the purser, Deborah Welsh, was held in the cockpit and had been killed.^[4] Categories: Stub ... For other uses, see Bomb (disambiguation). ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A ships purser, or just purser is the person on a ship responsible for the handling of money on board. ...

The passengers and crew became aware, through the phone calls, of what had happened to American Airlines Flight 11, United Airlines Flight 175, the hijacked flights which crashed into the World Trade Center's twin towers, and American Airlines Flight 77, which crashed into the Pentagon. Flight 11 redirects here. ... United Airlines Flight 175 was a morning flight that regularly flew from Logan International Airport in East Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in Los Angeles, California. ... Security camera image showing American Airlines Flight 77 (highlighted) just before and after impact. ...

One first-class passenger, Tom Burnett, called his wife four times about the hijacking; she alerted the FBI. He described the death of the male passenger, asked about the other planes and stated at the end of the fourth call, "Don't worry. We're going to do something." Plaque beneath flag dedicated to Burnett Burnett Burnett Burnett memorial flag in Bloomington, MN Thomas Edward Burnett (May 29, 1963 â€“ September 11, 2001), was the vice president and COO of a Pleasanton, California, medical devices company, Thoratec Corporation. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

Another first-class passenger, Mark Bingham, called his mother on an airphone and reported that three hijackers had taken over the plane. He added that "they say they have a bomb".^[5] He gave little detail about the hijackers. Bingham was apparently cut off at the end of his brief call, and did not return any of the phone calls from friends and family. Mark Bingham Bingham played for the San Francisco Fog, a gay rugby team. ...

First-class passenger Edward Felt dialed 9-1-1 from his cell phone from the lavatory of the aircraft seeking information.^[6] His call was answered by dispatcher John Shaw and Felt was able to tell him about the hijacking before the call was disconnected.^[7] Edward P. Felt Edward Porter Felt (November 9, 1959 â€“ September 11, 2001) was a victim of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... For other uses, see 911 (disambiguation). ...

A coach passenger, Jeremy Glick, called his wife in New York and reported that three men had hijacked the plane, one of whom had a red box strapped to his waist which they claimed to be a bomb. Jeremy asked his wife if it was true that planes had crashed into the World Trade Center, as he had heard from other passengers. He then stated that he was going to participate "in the charge (up the aisle to the cockpit)". This article is about the state. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ...

Linda Gronlund, who was traveling with her boyfriend, Joseph DeLuca, called her sister, Elsa. Gronlund told her about the hijacking, that the passengers knew about the World Trade Center, and had voted on a plan to take action.^[8]

Todd Beamer, another coach passenger, tried to place a credit card call through a phone located on the back of a plane seat but was routed to a customer-service representative instead, who passed him on to supervisor Lisa Jefferson. Beamer reported that one passenger was killed and, later, that a flight attendant had told him the pilot and co-pilot had been forced from the cockpit and may have been wounded. He was also on the phone when the plane made its turn in a southeasterly direction, a move that had him briefly panicking. Later, he told the operator that some of the plane's passengers were planning to "jump on" the hijackers. According to Jefferson, Beamer's last audible words were "Are you guys ready? Let's roll." Beamer was one of the passengers that tried to retake the aircraft from the terrorists, with the intent of thwarting the terrorists' potential to use the aircraft as a weapon to kill civilians in Washington DC or elsewhere.^[9] This term would later become the war cry for those fighting Al Qaeda in Afghanistan.^[10] Todd Morgan Beamer (November 24, 1968 â€“ September 11, 2001) was a victim of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Look up credit card in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Lisa D. Jefferson (born 1958) was a GTE Airfone operator / supervisor who communicated with Todd Beamer on September 11, 2001. ... The catchphrase lets roll has been used extensively as a term to move and start an activity, attack, mission or project. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Flag Seal Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ... A slogan is a memorable phrase used in political or commercial context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose. ...

Honor Elizabeth Wainio called her stepmother, talking to her for 4 1/2 minutes. At the end of the call, she said that they were getting ready to break into the cockpit and she needed to hang up.^[11] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (897x757, 137 KB) United Airlines Flight 93 altitude profile. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (897x757, 137 KB) United Airlines Flight 93 altitude profile. ...

Other persons who made phone calls to relatives include flight attendants CeeCee Lyles and Sandra Bradshaw. Passenger Lauren Grandcolas called her husband, leaving him a message and telling him of the "problem on the plane".^[12]^[13] The flight attendants also made reference to using boiling water on the hijackers. What happened afterward is uncertain, but the black box recordings revealed that the passengers did not break into the cockpit before the pilot started aiming the plane down for a crash. Although there is no evidence that the passengers succeeded in entering the cockpit, their efforts likely thwarted the hijackers' intended goal. Flight attendant in an Embraer ERJ 145 LR (PBair, Thailand) Stewardess, circa 1949-50, American Overseas, Flagship Denmark, Boeing Stratocruiser In aviation, flight attendantsâ€”also known as sky girls, air hostesses, stewardesses or stewardsâ€”are members of a flight crew employed by airlines to ensure the safety of the passengers... Lauren Grandcolas was one of the passengers on United Airlines Flight 93 on September 11, 2001 who made calls, providing information about the situation on the flight. ... An example of a FDR (Flight Data Recorder). ...

Only two phone calls, one by Edward Felt and one by flight attendant CeeCee Lyles, came from cell phones — both at 9:58 a.m, shortly before the plane crashed.^[14] At this point, the aircraft was ~5,000 feet above sea level^[15] The field near Shanksville where United Airlines Flight 93 crashed is at 2,350 feet above sea level,^[16] and many Appalachian mountain ridges exceed 3,000 feet above sea level in Somerset and Westmoreland County.^[17] Both phone calls only lasted 1-2 minutes, and then were dropped.^[14] That coincides with a sudden ascent up to ~10,000 feet that the aircraft made before it then plummeted to the ground and crashed.^[15]^[14] Cell Phone redirects here. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... The Appalachian Mountains are a system of North American mountains running from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada to Alabama in the United States, although the northernmost mainland portion ends at the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec. ... Westmoreland County is the name of several counties in the United States: Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania Westmoreland County, Virginia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Crash

The plane crashed into a reclaimed coal strip mine in Stonycreek Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, near Shanksville. Initial media reports and eyewitness accounts cited the time of the crash at 10:06 a.m. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21] Subsequent media reports^[22]^[23]^[24] reported the time of impact as 10:03 a.m., as did 9/11 Commission Report based on when the cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder stopped, along with analysis of radar data, infrared satellite data, and air traffic control transmissions.^[25] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Stonycreek Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. ... Somerset County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania. ...

Karl Landis, who was driving nearby, saw the plane as it "rolled slightly to the left and appeared to hit the ground at almost a 90-degree angle."^[26] Another witness, Eric Peterson, who was at a nearby auto shop, looked up when he heard the plane, "It was low enough, I thought you could probably count the rivets. You could see more of the roof of the plane than you could the belly. It was on its side. There was a great explosion and you could see the flames. It was a massive, massive explosion. Flames and then smoke and then a massive, massive mushroom cloud."^[27] The atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945 A mushroom cloud is a distinctive mushroom-shaped cloud of smoke, flame, or debris resulting from a very large explosion. ...

The aircraft impacted at approximately 563 mph (906 km/h), at a 40 degree angle.^[28] The impact left a crater about 115 feet (35 m) wide and 10 to 12 feet (about 3.5 m) deep. There were no survivors among the 44 passengers, crew and terrorists (all were killed by the impact or had been previously killed during flight).

The only known photograph of the smoke plume from the crash was taken by real estate agent Val McClatchey. Conspiracy theorists have accused her of manufacturing the photograph. ^[29]^[30]^[31]

While sifting through the wreckage, investigators reported finding a serrated belt-clip knife,^[32] as well as a cigarette lighter with a concealed blade.^[33] A lighter is a portable device used to create a flame. ...

"Black Box" recorders

The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder were recovered on the afternoon of September 13, buried 25 feet (8 m) deep at the impact site, but only transcripts have been released to the public. In April 2002, the FBI allowed the relatives of the Flight 93 victims to listen to the tapes from the cockpit voice recorder. Further details were released by the 9/11 Commission in July 2004. An example of a FDR (Flight Data Recorder). ... Cockpit Voice Recorder (Exhibit in Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany). ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response...

The transcripts of the recording were made public as part of the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui, but the actual recording has not been released. At the start of the transcript, a woman is heard pleading for her life. This is thought to be the voice of a flight attendant. This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

The tape is reported to contain voices saying "Allahu Akbar," shouts in English that included "Let's get them!" and "We have to (muffled but probably "get") in the cockpit. If we don't, we'll die." Then, screaming and other sounds are heard, followed by silence. Sounds of crockery smashing have led to the conclusion that a service trolley was used as a battering ram to force open the cockpit door. This article is about Islamic religious phrase God is most great. For other usages, see Allahu Akbar (disambiguation). ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Replica battering ram at Ch teau des Baux, France A battering ram is a weapon used from ancient times. ...

Some of the hijackers retreated into the cockpit prior to the charge; those that didn't were likely killed in the counterattack by the passengers. Those in the cockpit can be heard praying, reassuring one another, and discussing on separate occasions, in Arabic, whether to use a fire axe in the cockpit on those outside, or to cut off the oxygen to quell the charge. Jarrah said, "Is that it? Shall we finish it off?" Another hijacker replied, "No. Not yet. When they all come, we finish it off." Jarrah later said, "Is that it? I mean, shall we put it down?" to which another hijacker replied, "Yes, put it in it, and pull it down," then later "Pull it down! Pull it down!" Jarrah forced the plane downward. The plane rolled upside-down and the hijackers said their final words. "Allah is the greatest! Allah is the greatest!" The recording stopped at 10:03:10 a.m.^[34] Axe For other uses, see Axe (disambiguation). ...

The 9/11 Commission found from the recordings that, contrary to what many had believed, the passengers did not succeed in entering the cockpit.

Intended target

The hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 had turned the plane around and were heading towards Washington, D.C.. The United States Capitol Building and the White House are widely believed to have been possible intended targets. The 9/11 Commission Report cited the actions of the crew and passengers that prevented the destruction of the White House or the U.S. Capitol Building. According to an interview with captured Al-Qaeda mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, as published in The New York Times on September 9, 2002, the target of Flight 93 was indeed the U.S. Capitol.^[35] Early speculation also mentioned Camp David, near the town of Thurmont in Frederick County, Maryland, as a possible intended target.^[36] For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... The south facade of the United States Capitol Capitol Hill redirects here. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ... The cover of the final 9/11 report 9/11 Commission Report, formally titled Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report of the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: Prosecution Exhibit from the trial of Zacarias Moussaoui Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (Arabic: Ø®Ø§Ù„Ø¯ Ø´ÙŠØ® Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯; also transliterated as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh Mohammad, , commonly referred to as KSM and also known by as many as twenty-seven aliases[1] (b. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... The West Wing, see NSF Thurmont (The West Wing). ... Thurmont, Maryland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Frederick County is located in the western part of the U.S. state of Maryland, bordering the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia. ...

Orders to shoot down plane questioned

The 9/11 Commission reported that "authorities suggested that U.S. air defenses had reacted quickly, that jets had been scrambled in response to the last two hijackings and that fighters were prepared to shoot down United Airlines Flight 93 if it threatened Washington. In fact, the commission reported a year later, audiotapes from NORAD's Northeast headquarters and other evidence showed clearly that the military never had any of the hijacked airliners in its sights and at one point chased a phantom aircraft — American Airlines Flight 11 — long after it had crashed into the World Trade Center," according to CNN.com. Furthermore, the closest fighters were about 100 miles away and were unarmed. Fighters also went after a Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 which was suspected to be hijacked though it was later determined untrue and the plane was safe.^[37] An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ... NORAD Headquarters Building. ... CNN.com is the news website maintained by CNN. The website debuted on August 30, 1995, and it describes itself as the first major news and information website on the Internet. ... Delta Air Lines Flight 1989 was a regularly scheduled flight offering nonstop service from Logan International Airport to Los Angeles International Airport. ...

Aftermath

All those on board Flight 93 were nominated for a Congressional Gold Medal on September 19, 2001 [4]. These awards have not been granted, but the crew and passengers of Flight 93 have been the subject of numerous other honors, including a government memorial passed on September 10, 2002. The permanent memorial is expected to be completed in 2010–11. On September 24, 2001, President George W. Bush held a special meeting for the families of Flight 93's victims at the White House. Congressional Gold Medal presented to Navajo Code talkers in 2000 The Congressional Gold Medal should not be confused with the Medal of Honor (commonly called the Congressional Medal of Honor), which is also awarded by Congress, but only to military members as the highest military decoration of the United States. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

After 9/11 an American flag was hung over gate 17A, from which Flight 93 departed at Newark airport. The flag still flies there today. There is also a private memorial to the crew in the United Airlines ramp agents' break room below the gate. Union Jack. ...

The flight route designation for future flights on the same route was renumbered from Flight 93 to Flight 81 in October 2001 out of respect for those who died. Among some of the passengers to fly this route was Lisa Beamer, widow of Todd Beamer, to prove to the hijackers that Americans would not stop flying because of what had happened. Melodie Homer, widow of LeRoy Homer, flew this route in order to complete the flight that her husband was unable to. Since then, United Airlines has renumbered all of its flights. The current flight number is 91 and uses an Airbus A320 aircraft. Public transport service numbering is a means of identifying a particular transport service or route. ... LeRoy Wilton Homer Jr. ... The Airbus A320 family of short-to-medium range commercial passenger aircraft are manufactured by Airbus S.A.S.. Family members include the A318, A319, A320, and A321, as well as the ACJ business jet. ...

Todd Beamer's "let's roll" has become a national catchphrase, with President Bush himself using it in several speeches. Todd Morgan Beamer (November 24, 1968 â€“ September 11, 2001) was a victim of the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... The catchphrase lets roll has been used extensively as a term to move and start an activity, attack, mission or project. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

Neil Young penned and recorded a song entitled Let's Roll, which appeared on the studio album Are You Passionate. This article is about the musician. ... Are You Passionate? is a 2002 album by Neil Young and Booker T & the MGs. ...

Both Shanksville and Somerset County have become much better known as the result of the crash. Somerset County now has a special council, run by the Somerset County Flight 93 Coordinator, which handles Flight 93 matters such as visitors' gifts and memorial services.

Beamer, Bingham, Burnett, and Glick were posthumously awarded the Arthur Ashe Courage Award in 2002. The Arthur Ashe Courage Award is an award that is part of the ESPY Awards. ...

The crash was commemorated in ceremonies, public and private, on September 11, 2002 and 2003 at the field where the plane crashed. is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

After the crash the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey changed the name of Newark's airport from Newark International Airport to Newark Liberty International Airport. The Flight that Fought Back was a Discovery Channel docudrama of the events that occurred on United Airlines Flight 93. It premiered at 9 p.m. on the 4th anniversary of 9/11. Flight 93, a TV movie based on the events on Flight 93, was broadcast on 30 January 2006 on A&E. United 93, an Academy Award nominated and award-winning theatrical film based on the same events, was released on 28 April 2006. The film was made with the full cooperation of all the families of the passengers.^[38] Tolls collected at the Holland Tunnel and other crossings help fund the Port Authority. ... For the massive interchange outside of Newark Liberty International Airport, see Newark Airport Interchange. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Flight 93. ... Discovery Channel is a cable and satellite TV channel founded by John Hendricks which is distributed by Discovery Communications. ... It has been suggested that Drama Documentary be merged into this article or section. ... Flight 93 is a 2006 made-for-TV film chronicling the events aboard United Airlines Flight 93 on September 11, 2001. ... â€œTelefilmâ€ redirects here. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Biography is one of A&Es longest-running and most popular programs. ... United 93 (formerly named Flight 93) is a 2006 Academy Award-nominated and BAFTA Award-winning docudrama written and directed by Paul Greengrass that chronicles events aboard United Airlines Flight 93, which was hijacked during the September 11, 2001 attacks. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Flight 93 National Memorial

A national design competition was held to create a public memorial in the Pennsylvania field where Flight 93 crashed. The winning design for the Flight 93 National Memorial is called the Crescent of Embrace. The site plan features a large crescent pathway with red maples and sugar maples planted along the outer arc.^[39] President and Mrs. ... President and Mrs. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of the forty-third and current President of the United States George W. Bush and is thereby the First Lady of the United States. ... Flight 93 National Memorial protects the site of the crash of hijacked United Airlines Flight 93, whose passengers and crew perished in the September 11, 2001 attacks, in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, about 2 miles north of Shanksville, Pennsylvania and 60 miles southeast of Pittsburgh. ... An architectural design competition is a special type of competition in which an organization or government body that plans to build a new (often public) building asks for architects to enter differing designs for the building. ... In the United States, National Memorial is a designation for a protected area that is commemorative of an historic person or episode. ... Binomial name Acer rubrum L. Red Maple (Acer rubrum) is also known as Swamp Maple or Soft Maple. ... Binomial name Acer saccharum Marshall The Sugar Maple Acer saccharum is a prominent tree in the hardwood forests of eastern North America. ...

The design has created some controversy because the terrorists who hijacked the airplane were Muslim fundamentalists.^[40] The crescent is a generally recognized symbol of Islam, and the Red Crescent is used as the Islamic equivalent of the Red Cross. The crescent is represented on the flags of a number of countries with Muslim majorities. The architect asserts that there is no intent on referencing Muslim symbols (a sentiment that has been shared by several families of the victims) and is willing to discuss design modifications. Islamic fundamentalism is a religious ideology which advocates literalistic interpretations of the sacred texts of Islam, Sharia law, and an Islamic State. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

As of 2007, there is a temporary memorial at the crash site. People from around the world have left signs, flags, banners, license plates, and other items stitched to a fence. Numerous plaques from various officials and organizations have also been placed at the temporary memorial. Most notably, benches with the names of those who died face towards the location where the impact occurred.

Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...

Miscellaneous

Lauren Grandcolas was one of the passengers on United Airlines Flight 93 on September 11, 2001 who made calls, providing information about the situation on the flight. ... Air Canada is Canadas largest airline and flag carrier. ... L.A. Guns is a rock band from Los Angeles, California, originally formed in 1983 and continuing on today. ... Waking the Dead is a BBC TV programme following the work of a special police team who investigate cold cases; usually murders that took place a number of years ago that were never solved. ... dc Talk (also DC Talk and dc talk) is a Christian rock band formed in the late 1980s in Lynchburg, Virginia by Toby McKeehan, Kevin Max, and Michael Tait. ... U.S. Route 219 is a spur of U.S. Route 19. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 kmÂ²) - Width 101 miles (145 km) - Length 249 miles (400 km) - % water 21 - Latitude 37Â° 53â€² N to 39Â° 43â€² N... Cambria County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Melissa Lou Etheridge (born May 29, 1961, in Leavenworth, Kansas) is an Academy Award-winning and two-time Grammy Award-winning American rock musician and singer. ... Flight 93 may refer to: United Airlines Flight 93, plane which crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks Flight 93 (TV film), made-for-tv movie about United Airlines Flight 93 United 93 (film), theatrical feature film about United Airlines Flight 93 (formerly titled Flight... Mark Bingham Bingham played for the San Francisco Fog, a gay rugby team. ...

Contents

Hijackers

The flight

Phone calls

Crash

"Black Box" recorders

Intended target

Orders to shoot down plane questioned

Aftermath

Flight 93 National Memorial

Miscellaneous

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Contents

Hijackers GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

The flight

Phone calls

Crash

"Black Box" recorders

Intended target

Orders to shoot down plane questioned

Aftermath

Flight 93 National Memorial

Miscellaneous

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Hijackers