The University of Groningen, located in the city of Groningen, was founded in 1614. It is the second oldest and third largest university in the Netherlands. Since its inception more than 100,000 students have graduated. It is a member of the Coimbra Group. For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... The date of establishment or date of founding of an institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate someone who is in charge of something. ... A faculty is a division within a university. ... For other uses, see Student (disambiguation). ... For the German town, see Gröningen. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... For the German town, see Gröningen. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... Map of medieval European universities This is a list of the oldest extant universities in the world. ... The Coimbra Group (CG) is a network of European universities that gathers 38 universities, some of which are among the oldest and most prestigious in Europe. ...

The University of Groningen has nine faculties, 17 Graduate Schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175 degree programmes.

The Institution

The University of Groningen (Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen or (RUG)) is organized in nine faculties that offer programmes and courses in the fields of Humanities, Social Sciences, Law, Economics and Business, Spatial Sciences, Life Sciences, and Sciences and Technology. Each faculty is a formal grouping of academic degree programmes, schools and institutes, discipline areas, research centres, and/or any combination of these drawn together for educational purposes. Each faculty offers Bachelor's, Master's, PhD, and Exchange programmes, while some also offer short certificate courses.

Facts & Figures

• 22.352 students, 21.557 full time and 789 part time (marketshare in The Netherlands: 11,1%)
• 4946 first-year students
• 2200 international students from over 100 countries
• 6000 employees
• 268 fte professors
• 650 PhD's
• 61 Bachelor's degree programmes, 116 Master's degree programmes
• 60 international Master's degree programmes
• 16 Top Master's and Research Master's degree programmes
• 9 faculties, 17 Graduate Schools, 27 research centres and institutes, 3 top research schools
• 494,2 mln euro expenditure

Front of the main building ('Academiegebouw') of the University of Groningen

The University of Groningen is in the top 3 of European research universities in the fields of: Ecology, Material Sciences, Chemistry and Astronomy. Other strong research groups are in: Nanoscience, Physics, Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, Sociology, Philosophy, Theology, Archaeology and Arts. Every year more than 4,300 research publications go to print and an average of 260 PhD students are awarded their PhD degree. Full-time equivalent (FTE) is a way to measure a workers productivity and/or involvement in a project. ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 204 KB)Photo by Fruggo, 2004, main building of the University of Groningen (The Netherlands), licence CC-BY File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 204 KB)Photo by Fruggo, 2004, main building of the University of Groningen (The Netherlands), licence CC-BY File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Scholars have included Frederik Zernike, Nobel Prize for Physics; Johann Bernoulli, pioneer in the field of calculus; Jacobus Kapteyn, discoverer of evidence of galactic rotation. Students have included Aletta Jacobs, the first female University student in the Netherlands, Wubbo Ockels, the first Dutch astronaut, Wim Duisenberg, the first president of the European Bank. Johann Bernoulli (Basel, July 27, 1667 - January 1, 1748) was a Swiss mathematician. ... Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn, (January 19, 1851 – June 18, 1922) was a Dutch astronomer, best known for his extensive studies of the Milky Way and as the first discoverer of evidence for galactic rotation. ... Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs was born on February 9, 1854 in Sappemeer, as the eighth child of a Jewish doctors family. ... Wubbo Johannes Ockels is a Dutch physicist and astronaut. ... Willem Frederik Duisenberg, commonly known as Wim Duisenberg, (July 9, 1935 – July 31, 2005) was a Dutch banker and politician. ...

The University's mathematics centre houses an IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputer [1], for the LOFAR project. For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... This article is about the supercomputer. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ... LOFAR is the LOw Frequency ARray for radio astronomy. ...

History

The founding of the University in 1614 – at that time still a college of higher education – was an initiative taken by the Regional Assembly of the city of Groningen and the Ommelanden, or surrounding region. There were four faculties – Theology, Law, Medicine and Philosophy. The first 75 years of its existence were very fruitful for the University with about 100 students enrolling every year. Almost half of the students and lecturers came from outside the Netherlands – the first Rector Magnificus, Ubbo Emmius, came from East Frisia in modern day Germany, for instance – but at the same time there was already a close relationship between the University and the city and the surrounding region. The landscape to the north of Greetsiel, in East Frisia. ...

The development of the University came to a standstill at the end of the seventeenth and during the eighteenth century because of theological differences of opinion, a difficult relationship with the Regional Assembly and political problems that included the siege of the city by ‘Bommen Berend’ in 1672. On average two to three hundred students were registered with the University at any one time during this period. Petrus Camper, though, was a shining academic example during the second half of the eighteenth century and was famous far beyond the city limits as an anatomist, a fighter against rinderpest and the founder of the first outpatient’s clinic for surgical medicine. Peter, Pieter, or usually Petrus Camper (May 11, 1722 in Leyden – April 7, 1789 in The Hague) was a Dutch anatomist. ...

Opportunities and threats followed on each other’s heels during the nineteenth century. In 1815, at the same time as Leiden and Utrecht, the University gained recognition as a national college of higher education, but this was followed by discussions about closure. The situation improved markedly when a new main university building, the Academiegebouw, was constructed in 1850, a building that was largely financed by the people of Groningen. This made the fire that completely destroyed this building in 1906 even more poignant.

In the meantime, the Higher Education Act of 1876 had radically improved the position of the University, which was renamed the "Rijksuniversiteit Groningen" (RUG). Teaching now took place in Dutch as well as in Latin and the University was given a research as well as an educational duty. This laid the foundations for the present research university.

The University of Groningen developed apace during the first decades of the twentieth century. The number of faculties and courses grew steadily while the number of students showed an explosive growth. When the University celebrated its first 300 years in 1914 there were 611 registered students; this had already grown to 1000 by 1924. After a drop back during the Depression, and in particular during the Second World War, the number of students grew rapidly from 1945 to reach 20,000 in 1994. At the present time there are about 23,000 students registered at the University of Groningen with the number of foreign students again growing steadily, and following the tradition set by the first Rector Magnificus, the number of German students and researchers has grown strongly in recent years.

Faculties

Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... In economics, a business is a legally-recognized organizational entity existing within an economically free country designed to sell goods and/or services to consumers, usually in an effort to generate profit. ... The Arts is a broad subdivision of culture, comprised of many expressive disciplines. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... Religious studies is the designation commonly used in the English-speaking world for a multi-disciplinary, secular study of religion that dates to the late 19th century in Europe (and the influential early work of such scholars as Friedrich Max Müller, in England, and Cornelius P. Tiele, in the... For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study human aspects of the world. ... Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... The term natural science as the way in which different fields of study are defined is determined as much by historical convention as by the present day meaning of the words. ...

Degree programmes

Bachelor's degree programmes

The Bachelor phase lasts three years and after successful completion of a Bachelor's programme result in a BSc or BA degree. There are a total number of 61 Bachelor degree programmes. The Bachelor's degree programmes with English as the language of instruction are:

• Psychology
• Business Studies - International Business & Management (specialization)
• Econometrics
• Economics
• International Economics & Business

Other programmes (in Dutch)

Master's degree programmes

Programmes last between one and two years. Successful completion of a Master’s programme is awarded with a Master’s degree (MA, MSc or LL.M. Nearly 60 Master's programmes have English as the language of instruction:

Sciences and Technology

• Mathematics
• Applied Mathematics
• Business Mathematics
• Computing Science
• Chemistry
• Chemical Engineering
• Physics
• Applied Physics
• Nanoscience
• Astronomy
• Biomedical Engineering
• Energy and Environmental Sciences
• Industrial Engineering and Management
• Artificial Intelligence
• Human-Machine Communication

Life Sciences

• Biology
• Biomedical Sciences
• Marine Biology
• Ecology an Evolution
• Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology
• Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences
• Medical and Pharmaceutical Drug Innovation
• Energy and Environmental Sciences

Law

• European Law
• International Law and the Law of International Organizations
• International and Comparative Private Law
• International Economic and Business Law

Economics and Business

• Business Administration
• Econometrics, Operations Research and Actuarial Studies
• Economics
• Economics and Business
• Human Resource Management
• International Business and Management
• International Economics and Business
• Technology Management

Humanities

• American Studies
• Applied Linguistics, Teaching English as a Foreign Language
• Art History and Archaeology
• Clinical Linguistics
• Classical Medieval and Renaissance Studies
• English Language and Culture
• Euroculture
• Humanitarian Action
• International Relations and International Organization
• Linguistics
• Language and Communication Technologies
• Literary and Cultural Studies
• Modern History and International Relations
• Dutch Language and Culture
• Philosophy
• Philosophy: Knowledge and Knowledge Development
• Religious Symbols and Traditions

Behavioural and Social Sciences

• Education
• Human Behaviour in Social Contexts
• Psychology
• Artificial Intelligence
• Human-Machine Communication

Spatial Sciences

• Environmental and Infrastructure Planning
• Population Studies
• Regional Studies

Other programmes (partly in Dutch)

PhD degree programmes

Most departments, affiliated (research)institutes and faculties offer doctorate programs or positions, leading to the Ph.D degree. All Ph.D. degrees offered are concentrated in one of the Graduate Schools. PhD programmes usually take four years. The results of the research are written down in a PhD thesis, often including papers published in scientific journals.

Research

Research Centres and Institutes

Humanities and Social Sciences

• Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG)
• Centre for Development Studies (CDS)
• Centre for Religious Studies (CRS)
• Groningen Research Institute of Philosophy (GRIPH)
• Groningen Institute of Archeology (GIA)
• Heymans Institute
• Groningen Research Institute for the Study of Culture (ICOG)
• Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS)
• Urban and Regional Studies Institute (URSI)

Law

• Centre for Law, Administration and Society (CRBS)

Economics & Business

• SOM

Life Sciences

• Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences (BCN) / UMCG
• Biomedical engineering, Materials science and Application (BMSA)
• Center for Behavior and Neurosciences (CBN)
• Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES)
• Center for Energy and Environmental Studies (IVEM)
• Graduate School for Drug Exploration (GUIDE) / UMCG
• Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology (GBB)
• Northern Center for Healthcare Research (NCH)

Science & Technology

• Centre for Isotope Research (CIO)
• Centre for Theoretical Physics
• Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP)
• Institute of Mathematics and Computing Science (IWI)
• Kapteyn Astronomical Institute
• Nuclear-physics Accelerator Institute (KVI)
• Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
• Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials

Graduate Schools

The University of Groningen’s Graduate Schools are organized somewhat different from its international counterparts. The main difference is that the Graduate Schools do not contain all Master's programmes; Graduate Schools manage and facilitate the two-year Master's programmes: top Master's degree programmes and Research Master's degree programmes.

Humanities and Social Sciences

• Graduate School of the Humanities
• Graduate School of Philosophy
• Graduate School of Behavioural and Social Sciences
• Graduate School of Spatial Science
• Graduate School of Theology and Religious Studies

Business and Economics

• Graduate School of Business and Economics (SOM)

Law

• Graduate School of Law

Life Sciences

• Graduate School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences
• Graduate School of Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology
• Graduate School of Ecological and Evolutionary Sciences
• Graduate School of Healthcare Research
• Graduate School of Drug Exploration and Biomedical Engineering

Sciences and Technology

• Graduate School of Astronomy
• Graduate School of Atomic and Sub-Atomic Physics
• Graduate School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
• Graduate School of Materials Science
• Graduate School of Mathematics and Computing Science

Notable alumni

• Johann Heinrich Alting, theologian
• Johan van Benthem, computer scientist
• Johann Bernoulli, mathematician
• Bart Bok, astronomer
• Clemens von Bönninghausen, lawyer, botanist, homeopathic physician
• James Burnett
• Job Cohen, mayor of Amsterdam
• Wim Duisenberg, the first president of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt studied here and obtained his PhD on the economics of disarmament
• Ubbo Emmius, founder of the university.
• Pim Fortuyn, lecturer, later politician (and assassinated)
• Willem Frederik Hermans, lecturer and writer
• Gerardus Heymans, philosopher and psychologist
• Johan Huizinga, historian
• Aletta Jacobs, first woman in the Netherlands to receive a PhD
• Jaap Kunst, ethnomusicologist (studied law)
• George Malliaras, Professor of Materials Science, Cornell University
• Wubbo Ockels, the first Dutch astronaut, received a PhD degree in physics and mathematics, 1973
• Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his experiments on the properties of matter at low temperatures which made, among other things, the production of liquid helium possible
• Jan Oort, astronomer
• Maurits van Oranje Nassau
• Johannes Jacobus Poortman, philosopher, psychologist
• Willem de Sitter, astronomer
• Dirk Stikker, secretary general of NATO
• Pieter Jelles Troelstra, lawyer, politician
• Henk te Velde, professor of Dutch history at Leiden University
• Wietse Venema, programmer and physicist
• Jacques Wallage, mayor of Groningen
• Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso. Studied Economics.
• Frits Zernike, professor of theoretical physics, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the phase contrast optical microscope in 1953

Johann Heinrich Alting (1583 - 1644), German divine, was born at Emden, where his father, Menso Alting (1541-1612), was minister. ... Johannes Franciscus Abraham Karel (Johan) van Benthem (1949-) is a professor of logic at the University of Amsterdam (in the ILLC) and Stanford University (in the CSLI). ... Johann Bernoulli (Basel, July 27, 1667 - January 1, 1748) was a Swiss mathematician. ... Bart Jan Bok (Hoorn, April 28, 1906 – Tucson, August 5, 1983) was a Dutch-American astronomer. ... Galileo is often referred to as the Father of Modern Astronomy. ... Clemens Maria Franz Freiherr (Baron) von Bönninghausen (12 March 1785 - 26 January 1864) was a lawyer, agriculturalist and botanist, who also practised and researched homeopathy. ... James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (1714 - May 26, 1799) was a Scottish judge, scholar and eccentric. ... Marius Job Cohen (born 18 October 1947) is the current mayor of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Willem Frederik Duisenberg, commonly known as Wim Duisenberg, (July 9, 1935 – July 31, 2005) was a Dutch banker and politician. ... Headquarters Coordinates , , Established 1 January 1998 President Jean-Claude Trichet Central Bank of Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain Currency Euro ISO 4217 Code EUR Reserves €43bn directly, €338bn through the Eurosystem (including gold deposits). ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... Disarmament means the act of reducing or depriving arms i. ... Ubbo Emmius (December 5, 1547 - December 9, 1625), Dutch historian and geographer, was born at Gretha in East Friesland. ... Wilhelmus Simon Petrus (Pim) Fortuyn (pronounced , (February 19, 1948 – May 6, 2002), was a controversial, openly gay, charismatic[1] populistic right-wing politician in the Netherlands who formed his own party Lijst Pim Fortuyn (List Pim Fortuyn or LPF). ... Lecturer is a term of academic rank. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... This is an incomplete list of persons that were assassinated for political and other reasons, and who have individual entries. ... The Dutch writer Willem Frederik Hermans (September 1, 1921–April 27, 1995) is considered one of the three most important authors in the Netherlands in the postwar period, along with Harry Mulisch and Gerard Reve. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... Gerardus Heymans (1857 – 1930) was a famous philosopher, psychologist, a follower of Fechners idea of psychic monism, and from 1890 to 1927 a Professor at Groningen University. ... Johan Huizinga (b. ... For other uses, see Historian (disambiguation). ... Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs was born on February 9, 1854 in Sappemeer, as the eighth child of a Jewish doctors family. ... PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Jaap Kunst (or Jakob) (b. ... Cornell redirects here. ... Wubbo Johannes Ockels is a Dutch physicist and astronaut. ... For other uses, see Astronaut (disambiguation). ... Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 – February 21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist. ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... General Name, symbol, number helium, He, 2 Chemical series noble gases Group, period, block 18, 1, s Appearance colorless Standard atomic weight 4. ... Jan Hendrik Oort (April 28, 1900 – November 5, 1992) was an internationally famous Dutch astronomer. ... His Highness Prince Maurits Willem Pieter Hendrik of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (born 17 April 1968), is the eldest son of HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Mr Pieter van Vollenhoven. ... Johannes Jacobus Poortman (Rotterdam April 26, 1896 – The Hague December 21, 1970), studied philosophy and psychology at Groningen University under Professor Gerardus Heymans. ... Willem de Sitter (May 6, 1872 – November 20, 1934) was a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. ... Dirk Uipko Stikker (February 5, 1897 - December 23, 1979) is a Dutch banker, industrialist, politician, and diplomat. ... This article is about the military alliance. ... Pieter Jelles Troelstra (1860-1930) was a Dutch politician active in the socialist workers movement. ... Leiden University, located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands[1]. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Europaeum and the League of European Research Universities. ... Wietse Venema speaking at a conference in 2004 Dr. Wietse Zweitze Venema (born 1951) is a Dutch programmer and physicist best known for writing the Postfix mail system. ... Jacques Wallage (born September 27, 1946) is a Jewish Dutch politician. ... Paramanga Ernest Yonli, also sometimes known as Ernest Paramanga Yonli (born 1956), is the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso, since November 6, 2000. ... Frederik Zernike (Amsterdam, July 16, 1888 – March 10, 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the... Theoretical physics employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world. ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... A phase contrast microscope is a microscope that does not require staining to view the slide. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Groningen (city)
• Groningen (province)
• The Netherlands
• Education in the Netherlands

For the German town, see Gröningen. ... Capital Groningen Queens Commissioner J.G.M. (Hans) Alders Religion (1999) Protestant 29% Catholic 7% Area  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water   2,336 km² (8th) 623 km² Population (2006)  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Density 574,042 (9th) 246/km² (9th) Anthem Grunnens Laid ISO NL-GR Official website www. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... The different levels of education in the Netherlands Education in the Netherlands is characterized by division: education is oriented toward the needs and background of the pupil. ...

External links

• University of Groningen Official Website
• Scholarships
• Practical information
• Overview of all Bachelor's programmes at the University of Groningen