University of Tartu Tartu Ülikool
Latin: Universitas Tartuensis
Established	1632
Rector	Alar Karis
Students	ca. 19,000
Location	Tartu, Estonia
Address	Ülikooli 18 50090 Tartu Estonia
Affiliations	EUA Coimbra Group
Website	http://www.ut.ee

The University of Tartu (Estonian: Tartu Ülikool; Russian: Тартуский университет; German: Universität Dorpat) is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia. Regarded by many Estonians as the country's "national university", it is a member of the Coimbra Group and was established by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in 1632. Image File history File links TÃœ_logo. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... The date of establishment or date of founding of an institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point. ... The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate someone who is in charge of something. ... Alternate uses: Student (disambiguation) Etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stŭdērĕ, which means to study, a student is one who studies. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia. ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ... The European University Association (EUA) is the main voice of the higher education community in Europe. ... The Coimbra Group (CG) is a network of European universities that gathers 38 universities, some of which are among the oldest and most prestigious in Europe. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ... The Coimbra Group (CG) is a network of European universities that gathers 38 universities, some of which are among the oldest and most prestigious in Europe. ... Gustav II Adolf King of Sweden Gustav II Adolf (also known as Gustaf Adolf the Great (Swedish Gustav Adolf den store, Latin Gustavus Adolphus Magnus), or Gustavus II Adolphus; December 9, 1594 – November 6, 1632 O.S.), widely known by the Latinized name Gustavus Adolphus and referred to by contemporary... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen...

At different times during its history the University of Tartu was known as Academia Gustaviana, University of Dorpat, Universität (zu) Dorpat, University of Yuryev, and Tartu State University (Tartu Riiklik Ülikool).

History

The Academia Gustaviana in the then Swedish province of Livonia was the second university founded in the Swedish Empire, following Uppsala University (in Uppsala, Sweden proper) and preceding the Academy of Åbo (in Turku, Finland). A precursor to the academy had been a Jesuit grammar school Gymnasium Dorpatense, founded by Polish King Stefan Batory in 1583 existing to 1601, when Tartu (Dorpat) was under Polish rule. Struggling until 1710, after being relocated from Tartu to Pärnu (Pernau) for some years, the university was reopened only in 1802 by the Baltic German Ritterschaften under the reform-minded Emperor Alexander I of Russia, to which Livonia then belonged. Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... Sweden between the years 1611 and 1718 is known as the Swedish Empire. ... Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) is a city in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... The Academy of Ã…bo was the name of a still existing University of Helsinki between 1640 and 1827. ... Location of Turku in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku sub-region Government  - Mayor Mikko Pukkinen Area  - City 306. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... For other persons of the same name, see Báthory. ... 1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... County Pärnu County Mayor Mart Viisitamm Area 32. ... --69. ... The Baltic Germans (German: Deutsch-Balten, Deutschbalten, sometimes incorrectly Baltendeutsche), were ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea which forms today the countries of Estonia and Latvia. ... Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825?), was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801-1 December 1825 and Ruler of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ...

The language of instruction at Dorpat was German from 1802 to 1893. During that time, Dorpat had a dual nature in that it belonged both to the set of German(-language) and Russian universities. Financially and administratively, the latter was more important; intellectually and regarding the professoriate, the former was more important (over half the professors came from Germany, at least another third were Baltic Germans). Among the 30 German-language universities, of which 23 were inside the German Empire, Dorpat was the 11th in size. In teaching, the university educated the local Baltic German leadership and professional classes as well as staff especially for the administration and health system of the entire Russian Empire. In scholarship, it was an international university; the time between 1860 and 1880 was its "golden age". The Baltic Germans (German: , Deutschbalten; literally German Balts) were ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today forms the countries of Estonia and Latvia. ... For German colonial territories, see German Colonial Empire. ...

The freedom to be a half-German university ceased with the rise of nationalist tendencies in Russia, which held homogenization more important than retaining a bi-lingual university. Between 1882 and 1898, Russification in language, appointments, etc., was imposed, with some exceptions (such as the Divinity School, which the state feared would be used by the Orthodox clergy to teach dangerous Protestant views and was thus was allowed to continue in German until 1916). By 1898, when both the town and the university were renamed Yuryev, virtually all distinguished scholars from Germany had left. The University of Yuryev existed until 1918, when during part of the fall term, it was reopened, under German occupation, as Dorpat. Russian academic staff and students took refuge in Voronezh in Russia, giving rise to the foundation of Voronezh State University, which traces its own history back to the foundation of the University of Tartu and still holds several physical properties of the latter. Russification is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily or not) by non-Russian communities. ... The Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: ), also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... Official language German Capital Riga Regent Adolf Pilar von Pilchau Area ? km² Population ? Independance 12 April 1918 Admission 22 September 1918 (German State) National anthem ? The United Baltic Duchy (in German: Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum) was a shortlived construct in 1918 made possible through Germanys occupation of Latvia and Estonia... Voronezh (Russian: ) is a large city in southwestern Russia, not far from Ukraine. ... Voronezh State University is one of the main universities in Central Russia. ...

In 1919, the University of Tartu was established as an Estonian institution. It became Soviet in 1940 after the Soviet Union has enacted its part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, but was occupied by Germany from 1941–1944 and again called Dorpat. Since 1944, it has been the University of Tartu (1940–1941 and 1944–1989 "Tartu State University"). During the period of Soviet rule (1944–1991), Estonian was the principal language of instruction, although some courses were taught in Russian, and there were several Russian curricula. To a lesser degree, this is still true today after the regaining of Estonian national independence. The full recovery of academic autonomy of the University can be dated to 1992. Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia, or more precisely between the Soviet Union and the Third Reich. ...

The university's main building (2006)

Tartu University during Christmas.

The last decade has been marked by organizational and structural changes, as well as adaptations to various university models (American, Scandinavian, German) against the background of the Soviet and Baltic German past. Most recently, the university has been and is still being marked by the peculiar adaptation of the Bologna declaration in Estonia generally and Tartu specifically, leading to major changes in curricula and studies, as well as by strong organizational centralization attempts. Recent plans also include the abolition of the Chair system (an Americanization) and of the Faculties, which is supposed to lead to four large divisions (Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Medicine) under briefly serving deans and rector-appointed financial administrators. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 2331 KB) Summary Tartu Ülikool main building at night Tartu Ülikooli peahoone at night Hauptgebäude der Universität Tartu/Dorpat bei Nacht author: User:Likedeeler date: 2006 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: University of... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 2331 KB) Summary Tartu Ülikool main building at night Tartu Ülikooli peahoone at night Hauptgebäude der Universität Tartu/Dorpat bei Nacht author: User:Likedeeler date: 2006 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: University of... Image File history File links Tartu_university_christmas. ... Image File history File links Tartu_university_christmas. ... The Bologna declaration is the main guiding document of the Bologna process. ...

Buildings

The university’s four museums, its Botanical Gardens, and sports facilities are, by and large, open to the general public. The University possesses some 150 buildings, 30 of which are outside of Tartu. 31 of its buildings decorate the city as architectural monuments. However, the current reforms include attempts to sell, or have the state co-sponsor, several of these buildings and monuments, as well as sports facilities, as they are not seen as part of the university's mission proper.

At the same time, there are numerous recently constructed/renovated university buildings and student dormitories, such as the Technology Institute and the Biomedical Center.

Research

At the University of Tartu, currently more than 3,300 scientific publications are produced every year. About half of all publications by Estonian scientists in journals (those covered by citation indexes like "SCI Expanded", "SSCI" or "A&HCI") are written by Tartu authors.

According to the university administration, the most remarkable recent research achievements have been in the fields of molecular and cell biology, gene technology, immunology, pharmacology, laser medicine, materials science, laser spectroscopy, biochemistry, environmental technology, computational linguistics, psychology, and semiotics. Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ... Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Greek kytos, container) is an academic discipline that studies cells. ... This article is about the general scientific term. ... The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmakon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and lego (λέγω) to tell (about)) is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... The Materials Science Tetrahedron, which often also includes Characterization at the center Materials science or Materials Engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. ... Extremely high resolution spectrum of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines (fraunhofer lines) Spectroscopy is the study of matter and its properties by investigating light, sound, or particles that are emitted, absorbed or scattered by the matter under investigation. ... Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. ... Environmental technology or green technology is the application of the environmental sciences to conserve the natural environment and resources, and by curbing the negative impacts of human involvement. ... Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and logical modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. ... Psychology (from Greek: Literally knowledge of the soul (mind)) is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. ... Semiotics, semiotic studies, or semiology is the study of signs and symbols, both individually and grouped into sign systems. ...

The university cooperates with private enterprises, and acts itself as a nucleus for the development of spin-off firms (examples from recent past include Asper Biotech and others). A spin-off (or spinoff) is a new organization or entity formed by a split from a larger one such as a new company formed from a university research group. ... Asper may refer to: Aemilius Asper, Latin grammarian David Asper, Vice-president of CanWest Global Communications Corp. ...

People

See: People associated with the University of Tartu This is a list of people associated with the University of Tartu at Tartu, Estonia. ...

Academic co-operation

The University has signed cooperation agreements with 30 universities and research institutions abroad, and 140 contracts for international student and teacher exchange projects within the framework of the European Union's "Erasmus programme". The ERASMUS programme was established in 1987 and forms a major part of the European Union Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013. ...

At present, nearly 400 foreign exchange students from 27 countries study at the University. The vast majority comes from Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Russia, the United States of America, and Germany.

The University of Tartu has co-operation agreements with the following universities at the time of writing. These cooperation agreements can include student exchange programmes.

Europe

• University of Leuven, Belgium
• University of Helsinki, Finland
• University of Turku, Finland
• University of Vaasa, Finland
• University of Giessen, Germany
• Georg August University of Göttingen, Germany
• University of Greifswald, Germany
• University of Hamburg, Germany
• University of Marburg, Germany
• University of Münster, Germany´
• University of Latvia, Latvia
• Vilnius University, Lithuania
• University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
• University of Maastricht, Netherlands
• University of Saint Petersburg, Russia
• University of Granada, Spain
• Göteborg University, Sweden
• Lund University, Sweden
• Uppsala University, Sweden

World Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... The Catholic University of Leuven, founded in 1425, is now the names of two Belgian universities, after the original university split in 1968: the Dutch-speaking Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and the French-speaking Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium This is a disambiguation page — a... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... University of Helsinki is not to be confused with Helsinki University of Technology. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... The University of Turku (Finnish Turun yliopisto, Swedish Ã…bo universitet), located in Turku in southwestern Finland, is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrolment. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... The University of Vaasa is publicly funded state research university in Vaasa, Ostrobothnia, Finland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... The University of Gießen (Giessen), officially called Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen after its most famous member, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertilizer. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald is located in Greifswald, Germany, between the Islands Rügen and Usedom, and is the second oldest university in Northern Europe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... The University of Hamburg was founded on the 1 April 1919 by Wilhelm Stern and others. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... University of Marburg - Department of Social Sciences and University library The old university The University of Marburg (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg Philips University, Marburg), was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous, although the updated meaning haughty is sometimes given) as the... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... The University of Münster (German Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, WWU) is a public university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Latvia. ... University of Latvia is the oldest university in Latvia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lithuania. ... The Grand Courtyard of Vilnius University and the Church of St. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... From Athenaeum Illustre to University In January 1632 two internationally acclaimed scientists, Caspar Barlaeus and Gerardus Vossius, held their inaugural speech in the Athenaeum Illustre - the illustrious school - which had its seat in the 14th-century Agnietenkapel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Universiteit Maastricht (Maastricht University), founded in 1976, is the second youngest university in the Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Categories: Russia-related stubs | Universities and colleges in Russia | Saint Petersburg ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... The University of Granada is a university at Granada, Spain, first founded by the Moors in 1349 and then officially founded in 1531 by the Emperor Carlos V, with support of Pope Clemente VII. The University is home to foreign students from around the world at the Universitys Modern... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Gothenburg University, or Göteborgs universitet, is a university in Gothenburg, Sweden. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Lund University main building, built in 1882 by Helgo Zettervall. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. ...

• University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
• Waseda University, Japan
• University of Georgia, United States
• University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, United States
• West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Waseda University ), often abbreviated to Sōdai ) is one of the most prestigious universities in Japan. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The University of Georgia (UGA) is the largest institution of higher learning in the U.S. state of Georgia. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The University of North Carolina at Greensboro is an American public university in Greensboro, North Carolina and is a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina system. ... Greensboro is the name of some places in the United States of America: Greensboro, Alabama Greensboro, Florida Greensboro, Georgia Greensboro, Maryland Greensboro, North Carolina Greensboro, Pennsylvania Greensboro, Vermont This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... West Virginia University is an institution of higher learning based in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Other campuses include: West Virginia University at Parkersburg in Parkersburg; West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Montgomery; Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser; and a clinical campus for the Universitys... Morgantown is the name of several places in the United States of America: Morgantown, Indiana Morgantown, Kentucky Morgantown, Pennsylvania Morgantown, West Virginia (Not to be confused with Morganton, also found as a place name: Morganton, Georgia Morganton, North Carolina) There are also places named Morgan and Morganville. ...

Bibliography

• Mägi, Reet; and Wolfgang Drechsler (eds.) (2004). Kaiserliche Universität Dorpat 200, 370 Academia Gustaviana: Tartu Ülikooli juubel. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus. ISBN 9985-56-950-4. 
• Die Universitäten Dorpat/Tartu, Riga und Wilna/Vilnius 1579-1979. Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und ihrer Wirkung im Grenzbereich zwischen West und Ost. Herausgegeben von Gert von Pistohlkors, Toivo U. Raun, Paul Kaegbein. Köln; Wien 1987 (Quellen und Studien zur baltischen Geschichte; 9). [Zweites Internationales Marburger Symposium zu Problemen der baltischen Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte]. [Lectures in German and English] ISBN 3-412-00886-9
• Palamets, Hillar; and Tullio Ilomets (eds.) (1982). Alma mater Tartuensis: Tartu Riiklik Ulikool: 1632-1982 (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Raamat. 
• von Engelhardt, Roderich (1933). Die deutsche Universität Dorpat in ihrer geistesgeschichtlichen Bedeutung (in German). Reval (Tallinn): F. Kluge. 
• Semel, Hugo (ed.) (1918). Die Universität Dorpat (1802-1918): Skizzen zu ihrer Geschichte von Lehrern und ehmaligen Schülern (in German). Dorpat (Tartu): H. Laakmann. 

See also

• Estonia
• Tallinn University of Technology
• City of Tartu

Tallinn University of Technology (TUT) (Estonian: Tallinna Tehnikaülikool (TTÜ)) is the technical university of Estonia, and one of the two or three most important institutions of higher education in Estonia generally. ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Tartu

• University of Tartu
• City of Tartu
• Coimbra Group