República Oriental del Uruguay (Spanish) Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Libertad o muerte  (Spanish) "Freedom or death"
Anthem: Himno Nacional Uruguayo  (Spanish)
Capital (and largest city)		Montevideo 34°53′S, 56°10′W
Official languages		Spanish
Demonym		Uruguayan, Oriental
Government		Republic (presidential system)
-	President	Tabaré Vázquez Rosas
-	Vice President	Rodolfo Nin Novoa
Independence		from Brazil
-	Oriental Revolution	25 August 1825
-	Declared	28 August 1828
Area
-	Total	176.215 km²  68,037 sq mi
-	Water (%)	1.5%
Population
-	2007[1] estimate	3,460,607 (134)
-	2002 census	3,399,237
-	Density	19/km² (19) 50/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2006[1] estimate
-	Total	$37.54 billion (USD)
-	Per capita	$10,900 (USD)
Gini (2003)		44.9 (high)
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.852 (high) (46th)
Currency		Uruguayan peso ($, UYU ) (UYU)
Time zone		UYT (UTC-3)
-	Summer (DST)	UYST (UTC-2)
Internet TLD		.uy
Calling code		+598

Uruguay (official full name in Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay; pron. Spanish pronunciation: [reˈpuβlika oɾjenˈtal del uɾuˈɣwai], Eastern Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to 3.46 million people,^[1] of which 1.7 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area. Image File history File links Flag_of_Uruguay. ... Image File history File links Uruguay_coa. ... The national flag of Uruguay (Pabellón Nacional) has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes of alternating white and blue stripes with a white canton charged with the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy. ... The Coat of Arms of Uruguay was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Image File history File links LocationUruguay. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Uruguayans share a Spanish linguistic and cultural background, even though almost a half of the population is of Italian origin and other ethnic groups. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... This is a list of Presidents of Uruguay. ... Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (pron IPA: ) (born 17 January 1940) is the current President of Uruguay. ... This is a list of Vice Presidents of Uruguay. ... Rodolfo Nin Novoa is a Uruguayan political figure. ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring state or states. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Map of countries by population for the year 2007 This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ... The peso uruguayo (ISO 4217 code: UYU) is the official currency of Uruguay. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... UTC redirects here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... UTC redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .uy is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Uruguay. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

It is bordered by Brazil to the north, by Argentina across the bank of both the Uruguay River to the west and the estuary of Río de la Plata to the southwest, and the South Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is the second smallest independent country in South America, larger only than Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana. Sunset in the Uruguay River Map of the Uruguay River The Uruguay River (in Spanish, Río Uruguay, pronounced ) is a river in South America. ... For other meanings, see Estuary (disambiguation) Río de la Plata estuary An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. ... This page is about the South American estuary. ...

Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold. Uruguay won its independence in 1825-1828 following a three-way struggle between Spain, Argentina and Brazil. It is a constitutional democracy, where the president fulfills the roles of both head of state and head of government. // In ancient times, India, Greece, and Rome had governments similar to constitutional democracies. ... For other uses, see President (disambiguation). ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ...

The economy is largely based on agriculture (making up 10% of GDP and the most substantial export) and the state sector, and relies heavily on world trade. Consequently, it is affected by any change in global prices. However, Uruguay's economy is on the whole more stable than in its surrounding states, and it maintains a solid reputation with investors. GDP is an acronym which can stand for more than one thing: (in economics) an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. ...

According to Transparency International, Uruguay is the second least corrupt country in Latin America (after Chile),^[2] with its political and labor conditions being among the freest on the continent. Transparency International (TI) is an international organisation addressing corruption, including, but not limited to, political corruption. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...

In November 2007 it became the first Latin American country and the second in the American Continent to recognize same-sex civil unions at the national level. ^[3] For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Americas is an alternative name in the English language for the continent of America, to distinguish it from the United States of America, which is often just called America. ... As unregistered cohabitation Recognised in some regions Recognised prior to legalisation of same-sex marriage Netherlands (nationwide) (1998) Spain (12 of 17 communities) (1998) South Africa (nationwide) (1999) Belgium (nationwide) (2000) Canada (QC, NS and MB) (2001) Recognition debated See also Same-sex marriage Registered partnership Domestic partnership Common-law...

94.6% of the population are of European descent^[4]. Just under half of the population are declared Roman Catholics. However, the majority of Uruguayans are only nominally religious. The European peoples are the various nations and ethnic groups of Europe. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

Etymology

The name "Uruguay" comes from Guaraní. It has many possible meanings. Some of the proposed meanings are: Guaraní (local name: avañeẽ ) is an Amerindian language of South America that belongs to the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily. ...

• "River of the uru" or "River of the country of the uru": a version attributed to Felix de Azara, which suggests that the name of the country comes from a small bird, called the urú, native to the banks of the Uruguay river (from uru, idem, gua, "place of", and y, "water")^[5]
• "River of colorful or 'painted' chinchillas (birds)": poetic interpretation attributed to Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.
• "River of those who bring food": an anonymous version which has been popularized since the discovery of an old document written by Jesuit Lucas Marton.

History

Main article: History of Uruguay

The inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were various tribes of hunter gatherer native Americans, the most well known being the Charrúa Indians, a small tribe driven south by the Guaraní Indians of Paraguay. The population is estimated at no more than 5000 to 10000.^[6] This is about the history of Uruguay. ... Formerly a tribe in southern South America, the Charrua were slowly killed and integrated into the prevailing cultures of Uruguay and southern Brazil following the arrival of European settlers. ... For other uses, see Guaraní (disambiguation). ...

The Plaza Independencia ("Independence Square"), in Montevideo, hosts the tomb of José Artigas, late leader of the Provincia Oriental and the Liga Federal. In front of the square, the Palacio Salvo can be seen.

Europeans arrived in the territory of present-day Uruguay in the year 1536, but the absence of gold and silver limited settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. Uruguay became a zone of contention between the Spanish and the Portuguese empires. In 1603 the Spanish began to introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region.^[7] The first permanent settlement on the territory of present-day Uruguay was founded by the Spanish in 1624 at Villa Soriano on the south-western coast of the Río Negro. In 1680 the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento.^[8] Spanish colonization increased as Spain sought to limit Portugal's expansion of Brazil's frontiers. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... [[Image:Plaza-Independencia. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Motto Libertad o muerte(Spanish) Freedom or death Anthem Himno Nacional Uruguayo Capital (and largest city) Montevideo Official languages Spanish Demonym Uruguayan, Oriental Government Republic (presidential system)  -  President Tabaré Vázquez Rosas  -  Vice President Rodolfo Nin Independence from Brazil   -  Oriental Revolution 25 August 1825   -  Declared 28 August 1828  Area  -  Total... in REDLiga de los Pueblos Libres in 1815, part of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata in BLUE The Liga Federal (Federal League) originates from the idea of José Gervasio Artigas to establish a federal government among the provinces of the former Viceroyalty of the R... Palacio Salvo, Montevideo, Uruguay. ... Villa Soriano is a town located in the department of Soriano. ... The Río Negro (Spanish for Black River) is a river in Uruguay. ... Colonia del Sacramento is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...

Another segment of colonial Uruguay's population consisted of people of African descent. Colonial Uruguay's African community grew in number as its members escaped harsh treatment in Buenos Aires. Many relocated to Montevideo, which had a larger black community, seemed lest hostile politically than Buenos Aires, and had a more favorable climate with lower humidity.

As a province of the Viceroyalty of La Plata, colonial Uruguay was known as the Banda Oriental, or Eastern Strip, referring to its location east of the Rio Uruguay. The inhabitants called themselves "Orientales" ("Easterners"), a term they still commonly use to refer to themselves. Created in 1776, the Viceroyalty of La Plata (in Spanish, Virreinato del Río de la Plata) was the last and most shortlived viceroyalty created by Spain. ...

Uruguay's capital, Montevideo, was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial center competing with Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires. Uruguay's early 19th century history was shaped by ongoing conflicts between the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region.^[9] In 1806 and 1807, the British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires as part of their War with Spain. As a result, at the beginning of 1807, Montevideo was occupied by a 10,000-strong British force who held it until the middle of the year when they left to attack Buenos Aires. For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... A stronghold is a strongly fortified defensive structure. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... The British invasions of the Río de la Plata (Spanish: Invasiones Inglesas al Río de la Plata) were a series of unsuccessful British attempts at military control of the Spanish colonies located around the Río de la Plata basin in South America, between 1806 and 1807, as...

The Uruguayans' road to independence was much longer than those of other countries in the Americas. Early efforts at attaining independence focused on overthrow of Spanish rule, a process begun by Jose Gervasio Artigas in 1811 when he led his forces to victory against the Spanish in the battle of Las Piedras on May 18, 1811. In 1816, Portuguese troops invaded present-day Uruguay, which led to its eventual annexation by Brazil in 1821 under the provincial name, Provincia Cisplatina. On April 19, 1825, thirty-three Uruguayan exiles led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja returned from Buenos Aires to lead an insurrection in Uruguay with the help of Argentine troops. They were known as the "Treinta y Tres Orientales". Their actions inspired representatives from Uruguay to meet in Florida, a town in the recently liberated area, where they declared independence from Portugal (and therefore Brazil) on August 25, 1825. Uruguayan independence was not recognized by its neighbors until 1828, after the Argentina-Brazil War, when Britain, in search of new commercial markets, brokered peace between Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.^[10] José Gervasio Artigas (June 19, 1764 - September 23, 1850) was a national hero of Uruguay and is sometimes called the father of Uruguayan independence. Artigas was born in Montevideo in the Spanish colony of Banda Oriental which later become the republic of Uruguay. ... Motto: Libertad o Muerte (English: Liberty or Death) Anthem: Orientales, la Patria o la tumba Capital Montevideo Largest city Montevideo Official language(s) Spanish Government President Democratic Republic Tabaré Vázquez Independence from Brazil - Declared August 25, 1825 - Recognised August 28, 1828 Area  - Total    - Water (%)   176,220 km² (90th) 68... Juan Antonio Lavalleja (c. ... Florida is the capital of the department of Florida in Uruguay. ... Combatants Brazilian Empire United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present Uruguay and Argentina) Commanders Pedro I of Brazil Rodrigo Pinto Guedes Marquis of Barbacena Juan Antonio Lavalleja Bernardino Rivadavia Francis Drummond Carlos María de Alvear The Argentina-Brazil War (Portuguese: Guerra da Cisplatina; Spanish: Guerra del...

Río de la Plata in 1603.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2829x1826, 4759 KB) Indians from Rio de la Plata. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2829x1826, 4759 KB) Indians from Rio de la Plata. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of Uruguay

Uruguay's politics take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Uruguay is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive branch is exercised by the government. Legislative branch is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the General Assembly of Uruguay. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Uruguay is a democracy and representative republic with its capital in Montevideo. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This is a list of Presidents of Uruguay. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ... The General Assembly (Asamblea General) has two chambers. ... In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ...

For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been the government. The other "traditional" party of Uruguay, Partido Blanco, having ruled only twice. The Partido Blanco has its roots in the countryside and the original settlers of Spanish origin and the cattle ranchers. The Partido Colorado has its roots in the port city of Montevideo, the new immigrants of Italian origin and the backing of foreign interests. The Partido Colorado built a welfare state financed by taxing the cattle revenue and giving state pickles and free services to the new urban immigrants which became dependent on the state. The elections of 2004, however, brought the Frente Amplio, a coalition of socialists, former Tupamaros, former communists and mainly social democrats among others to govern with majorities in both houses of parliament and the election of President Tabaré Vázquez by an absolute majority. The Frente Amplio has displaced the Partido Colorado from its traditional urban welfare state constituency and is enjoying a boom in export commodity prices. The Colorado Party (Spanish: Partido Colorado) is a political party in Uruguay. ... The National Party (Partido Nacional), also known as the White Party (Partido Blanco), is a major center-right political party in Uruguay, currently the major opposition party to the ruling Frente Amplio government. ... The Broad Front (Frente Amplio in Spanish, also known as Encuentro Progresista) is a Uruguayan political party. ... Tupamaros, also known as the MLN (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional or National Liberation Army), was an urban guerrilla organization in Uruguay in the 1960s and 1970s. ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (pron IPA: ) (born 17 January 1940) is the current President of Uruguay. ...

The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 57th of 168 reported countries in 2006.^[11] Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF) is a French origin international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press, founded by its current general-secretary, Robert Menard. ...

According to Freedom House, an American organization that tracks global trends in political freedom, Uruguay ranked twenty-seventh in its "Freedom in the World" index. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, Uruguay scores a 7.96 on the Democracy Index, located in the last position among the 28 countries considered to be Full Democracies in the world. The report looks at 60 indicators across five categories: Free elections, civil liberties, functioning government, political participation and political culture.^[12] Freedom House is a United States-based international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom and human rights. ... Map reflecting the findings of Freedom Houses 2007 survey, concerning the state of world freedom in 2006, which is widely used by researchers and correlates highly with other measures of democracy[1]. Some of these estimates are disputed. ... This entity, also known as EIU is part of The Economist Group. ... Democracy index map. ...

Uruguay ranks 28th in the World CPI (Corruption Perception Index) composed by Transparency International.^[13] Overview of the index of perception of corruption, 2006 Since 1995, Transparency International has published an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)[1] ordering the countries of the world according to the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians.[2] The organization defines corruption as... Transparency International (TI) is an international organisation addressing corruption, including, but not limited to, political corruption. ...

Culture

Uruguay has an impressive legacy of artistic and literary traditions, especially for its small size. The contribution of its alternating conquerors and diverse immigrants has resulted in native traditions that integrate this diversity. Uruguay has centuries old remains, fortresses of the colonial era. Its cities have a rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians. Uruguayan tango is the form of dance that originated in the neighborhoods of Montevideo, Uruguay towards the end of the 1800s. Tango, candombe, and murga are the three main styles of music in this city.

Direct democracy

The Uruguayan constitution allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution, by referendum. During the last 15 years the method has been used several times; to confirm an amnesty to members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (1973-1985), to stop privatization of public utilities companies (See Economy: Public Sector), to defend pensioners' incomes, and to protect water resources.^{[citation needed]} Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...

Departments

Main article: Departments of Uruguay

Uruguay consists of nineteen departments (departamentos, singular "departamento"). The first departments were formed in 1816 and the newest date from 1885 which is Flores. The departments are governed by an intendente municipal who is elected for five years. The members of the Departmental Assembly (Junta Departamental) form the legislative level of the department.^{[citation needed]} Uruguay consists of 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) (capitals in parentheses): Artigas (Artigas). ... A department is geographically defined area of a centralized state which functions as an administrative unit, usually at provincial level, with or without a representative assembly. ...

Image File history File links Mapa de Uruguay. ... The Artigas Department (Spanish: Departamento de Artigas), with an area of 11,928 km² (4,606 square miles) and 78,019 inhabitants, it is the northernmost department of Uruguay. ... Artigas is the capital of the department of Artigas in Uruguay. ... The Canelones Department (Spanish: Departamento de Canelones), with an area of 4,536 km² (1,752 square miles) and 485,240 inhabitants, is located to the south of Uruguay. ... Canelones is the capital of the department of Canelones in Uruguay. ... Cerro Largo Department is a department of Uruguay. ... For the play and film adaptations, see Mélo. ... Colonia is a departamento in southwestern Uruguay. ... Colonia del Sacramento is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Durazno is a department of Uruguay. ... Department Durazno Department Altitude Coordinates 33º 22S 56º 31W Founded 1821 Population 30,529 (2004) Phone Code +036 Postal Code 97000 San Pedro del Durazno is the capital of the department of Durazno in Uruguay, founded on October 12, 1821. ... Flores is a department of south-central Uruguay. ... Trinidad is the capital of the department of Flores in Uruguay. ... Florida is a department (departamento) of Uruguay. ... Florida is the capital of the department of Florida in Uruguay. ... Lavalleja Department is a department of Uruguay. ... Minas is the capital of the department of Lavalleja in Uruguay. ... The Maldonado Department in Uruguay is located east of the Uruguayan capital Montevideo. ... Maldonado is a Uruguayan city of the Maldonado Department, from which it is its capital. ... Montevideo is a department (departamento) of Uruguay. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Paysandú Department is a department of Uruguay. ... Paysandú is the capital of the department of Paysandú in Uruguay. ... The Río Negro Department is a department located in the western part of Uruguay. ... Map of Uruguay, showing Fray Bentos as well as Montevideo Fray Bentos is a town in western Uruguay, close to the border with Argentina, and about 160 km (100 mi) due north of Buenos Aires. ... Rivera is a department of Uruguay. ... Rivera is the capital of the department of Rivera in Uruguay with a population of about 64,000. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The word Rocha literally means boulder in Portuguese. ... Salto Department is a department of Uruguay. ... Salto is the second city of Uruguay with a population of 99,072 (2004 census). ... San José Department is a department of Uruguay. ... San José de Mayo is an Uruguayan city, capital of San José Department. ... Soriano is a department of Uruguay. ... Mercedes is te capital and largest city of the Soriano Department. ... Tacuarembó is a department of Uruguay. ... Tacuarembó, both a town and province in north-central Uruguay. ... Treinta y Tres is a department of Uruguay. ... Treinta y Tres is a small town in Uruguay. ...

Geography

Main article: Geography of Uruguay

At 176,214 square kilometres (68,036 square miles) of continental land and 142,199 square kilometres (54,903 sq mi) of jurisdictional waters and small river islands,^[14] Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (cuchillas) with a fertile coastal lowland. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins or deltas; the Río de la Plata, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Merín and the Río Negro. The major internal river is the Río Negro ('black river'). Several lagoons are found along the Atlantic coast. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral at 513.66 meters (1,685 ft 3 in) in the 'Sierra de Carapé' mountain range. To the southwest is the Río de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River, which forms the western border, and the Paraná River, that does not run through Uruguay itself.^{[citation needed]} Map of Uruguay Shaded relief map of Uruguay Political map of Uruguay Uruguay is a country in Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Lagoa Mirim is a large estuarine lagoon which extends from southern Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil into northern Uruguay. ... The Río Negro (Spanish for Black River) is a river in Uruguay. ... This mid bay barrier in Narrabeen, a suburb of Sydney (Australia), has blocked what used to be a bay to form a lagoon. ... Atlantic and North Atlantic redirect here. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This page is about the South American estuary. ... Sunset in the Uruguay River Map of the Uruguay River The Uruguay River (in Spanish, Río Uruguay, pronounced ) is a river in South America. ... The sun rising over the Paraná River, from the north-east of Rosario, Argentina. ...

Borders

Uruguay shares borders with two countries, with Argentina:

Uruguay River to the west and Río de la Plata in the south.

and with Brazil:

Chuy Stream 13 kilometres (8.1 mi), straight line (Chuy) 8.7 kilometres (5.4 mi), San Miguel Stream 13 km (8.1 mi), Merín Lagoon, 280.1 km (174 mi) Yaguarón River, 142.4 km (88.5 mi), Yaguarón 'Chico' River 18.5 km (11.5 mi), 'Arrollo de la Mina' Stream 20.4 km (12.7 mi), Aceguá straight line 37.2 km (23.1 mi), San Luis Stream 31.3 km (19.4 mi), North Branch of the San Luis Stream 3.6 km (2.2 mi), Straight line 8 km (5 mi), 'Cañada del Cementerio' 4 km (2.5 mi), Straight lines 0.6 km (0.4 mi), 'Cuchilla de Santa Ana' SE 168.5 km (104.7 mi), Rivera-Livramento 4.8 km (3 mi), 'Cuchilla de Santa Ana' 20.8 km (12.9 mi), 'Cuchilla Negra' 4189.3 km (2603.1 mi), 'Arrollo de la Invernada' Stream 37.8 km (23.5 mi), Cuareim River 313.4 km (194.7 mi)^[15]

The Jaguarão River (Portuguese Rio Jaguarão, Spanish Río Yaguarón) forms the border between Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul state in southernmost Brazil. ... The Quaraí River (Portuguese Rio Quaraí, Spanish Río Cuareim) is a tributary of the Uruguay River. ...

Climate

The climate in Uruguay is temperate: it has warm summers and cold winters. The predominantly gently undulating landscape is also somewhat vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts. It receives the periodic influence of the polar air in winter, and tropical air from Brazil in summer. Without mountains in zone that act as a barrier, the air masses freely move by the territory, causing abrupt weather changes.

The coolest month is June, while the warmest is January. The rainfall is equally distributed throughout the year, but tends to be a bit more frequent in the autumn months. There can be frequent thunderstorms in the summer. Although snow is not very common, it snowed in 1913, 1918, 1963, 1989, 1992, and 2007.^{[citation needed]}

Playa Brava in Punta del Este, Uruguay

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 830 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 830 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Enclaves and exclaves

Since 1984 Uruguay has the Antarctic base "General Artigas" on King George Island in Antarctica, part of the South Shetland Islands archipelago, at 62°11′04″S, 58°54′09″W, some 100 km (62 mi) from the Antarctic peninsula itself.^{[citation needed]} Location of King George Island Map of King George Island King George Island (Argentina: Isla 25 de Mayo, Chile: Isla Rey Jorge, Russian historical name - Vaterlo (Waterloo)) is the largest of the South Shetland Islands, situated at , 120 kilometers off the coast of Antarctica in the Southern Ocean. ... Location of the South Shetlands The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands, lying about 120 kilometres north of the Antarctic Peninsula. ...

Economy

Main article: Economy of Uruguay

Montevideo, Uruguay's capital.

Uruguay has a middle income economy, mainly dominated by the State services sector, an export-oriented agricultural sector and an industrial sector. Uruguay relies heavily on trade, particularly in agricultural exports, leaving the country particularly vulnerable to slumps in commodity prices and global economic slowdowns. After averaging growth of 5% annually in 1996-1998, in 1999-2001 the economy suffered from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained stabler than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating — one of only two in South America.^[16] In recent years Uruguay has shifted some of its energy into developing the commercial use of IT technologies and has become the first exporter of software in Latin America.^[17] // Cattle were introduced to Uruguay before its independence by Hernando Arias de Saveedra, the Spanish Governor of Buenos Aires in 1603. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Playa_Pocitos. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Playa_Pocitos. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ...

While some parts of the economy appeared to be resilient, the downturn had severe impact on the local population. Unemployment levels rose to more than 20%, real wages fell, the peso devalued. These worsening economic conditions played a part in turning public opinion against the mildly free market economic policies adopted by the previous administrations in the 1990s, leading to the popular rejection of proposals for privatization of the state petroleum company in 2003 and of the state water company in 2004. The newly elected Frente Amplio government, while pledging to continue payments on Uruguay's external debt,^[18] has also promised to undertake a Emergency Plan (See section:Social Problems Poverty and inequality) to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment.^[19] The term real wages refer to wages that have been adjusted for inflation. ... The peso uruguayo (ISO 4217 code: UYU) is the official currency of Uruguay. ... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Broad Front (Frente Amplio in Spanish, also known as Encuentro Progresista) is a Uruguayan political party. ...

Agriculture

Main article: Agriculture of Uruguay

Agriculture played such an important part in Uruguayan history and national identity until the middle of the twentieth century that the entire country was then sometimes likened to a single huge estancia (agricultural estate) centred around Montevideo, where the wealth generated in the hinterland was spent, at its casco or administrative head. Agriculture played such an important part in Uruguayan history and national identity until the middle of the 20th century that the entire country was then sometimes likened to a single huge estancia (agricultural estate) with Montevideo, where the wealth generated in the hinterland was spent, as its casco or administrative...

A heartland of historic estancias: Estancia San Eugenio, Casupá, southern department of Florida.

Today, agriculture contributes roughly 11% to the country’s GDP and is still the main foreign exchange earner, putting Uruguay in line with other agricultural exporters like Brazil, Canada and New Zealand. Uruguay is a member of the Cairns Group of exporters of agricultural products. Uruguay’s agriculture has relatively low inputs of labor, technology and capital in comparison with other such countries, which results in comparatively lower yields per hectare but also opens the door for Uruguay to market its products as "natural" or "ecological." Image File history File links Estanciahistorica-florida-uruguay. ... Image File history File links Estanciahistorica-florida-uruguay. ... The Cairns Group is an interest group of 18 agricultural exporting countries, composed of Argentina, Australia , Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and Uruguay. ...

Campaigns like “Uruguayan grass-fed beef” and “Uruguay Natural” aim to establish Uruguay as a premium brand in beef, wine and other food products.^{[citation needed]}

Recently, an industry has developed around estancia tourism which capitalizes on the traditional or folkloristic connotations associated with gaucho culture and the remaining resources of Uruguay's historic estancias. A lodging cottage in a rural area of Lithuania. ... Hacienda is a Spanish word describing a vast ranch, common in the Pampa. ...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Uruguay

People in Montevideo, Uruguay

Queen of Colonia Valdense 12th annual celebration

The overwhelming majority of Uruguay's population is of prevalently white European descent: Spaniards,and Italians,then French, Germans, Portuguese, British, Swiss, Russians, Poles, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Israeli, Estonians, Latvians, Lebanese, Dutch, Belgians, Croatians, Austrians, Greeks, Scandinavians, Irish and Armenians. According to the 2006 National Survey of Homes by the Uruguayan National Institute of Statistics: 94.6% chose European ancestry, 9.1% chose Afro/Black ancestry and 4.5% chose native-American ancestry (People surveyed were allowed to choose more than one option).^[4] Uruguayans share a Spanish linguistic and cultural background, even though almost a half of the population is of Italian origin and other ethnic groups. ... The Spanish people or Spaniards are an ethnic group native to Spain, in southwestern Europe, who are primarily descended from the autochthonous pre-Indo-European Euskaldunak, Latin, Visigothic, Celtic and Moorish peoples. ... A stereotypical German The Germans (German: die Deutschen), or the German people, are a nation in the meaning an ethnos (in German: Volk), defined more by a sense of sharing a common German culture and having a German mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Russians (Русские - Russkie) are an ethnic group of East Slavic people, which live primarily in Russia and neighboring countries. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Lithuanians are the Baltic ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million [8]. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada and Russia. ... The State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, transliteration: ; Arabic: دَوْلَةْ اِسْرَائِيل, transliteration: ) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Latvians or Letts (Latvian: latvieÅ¡i), the indigenous Baltic people of Latvia, occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of Latvji, which may have originated from the word Latve which is a name of the river that presumably flowed through what is now eastern Latvia. ... The Dutch (Ethnonym: Nederlanders meaning Lowlanders) are the dominant ethnic group[1] of the Netherlands[2]. They are usually seen as a Germanic people. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article or section should be merged with Hellenes Greeks in Ancient History In Latin literature, Græci (or Greeks, in English) is the name by which Hellenes are known. ... For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ... The Armenians are a nation and an ethnic group, originating in the Caucasus and eastern Asia Minor. ...

Many of the European immigrants arrived in Uruguay in the late 1800s and have heavily influenced the architecture and culture of Montevideo and other major cities. For this reason, Montevideo and life within the city are reminiscent of parts of Europe. For example Barcelona, Thessaloniki, or Tel Aviv are said to be similar to Montevideo in different aspects.^[20] For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ...

Some colonies such as Colonia Valdense -a Waldensian colony-, Colonia Suiza -also named Nueva Helvecia- a mainly Swiss colony with some German and Austrian settlers, were founded in the department of Colonia. There are also towns founded by early British settlers, like Conchillas and Barker. A Russian colony called San Javier was founded in the department of Río Negro. Mennonite colonies can also be found in the department of Río Negro and in the department of Canelones. One of them, called El Ombú, is famous for its well-known Dulce de Leche "Claldy", and is located near the city of Young. Nueva Helvecia is a city located to the Southeast of the department of Colonia. ... Swiss may be: Related to Switzerland: the Swiss Confederation Swiss people Swiss cheese Swiss corporations Switzerland-related topics Named Swiss: Swiss, Missouri Swiss, North Carolina Swiss, West Virginia Swiss, Wisconsin Swiss International Air Lines Swiss Re SWiSS is also used as a disparaging nickname for the Socialist Workers Student Society. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      The...

Uruguay has a large urban middle class, and a literacy rate of 96.79% (1996 est).^[21] During the 1970s and 1980s, an estimated 600,000 Uruguayans emigrated, mainly to Spain, Italy, Argentina and Brazil. Other Uruguayans went to various countries in Europe, to the USA, Canada, and Australia. The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Children reading. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Religion

Uruguay's oldest church is in San Carlos, Maldonado.

Main article: Religion in Uruguay

Church and state are officially separated since 1919. According to the 2006 National Survey of Homes by the Uruguayan National Institute of Statistics: 47.1% of Uruguayans define themselves as Roman Catholic, 23.2% as "believing in God but without religion", 17.2% as Atheist or Agnostic, 11.1% "Non-Catholic Christian" (Protestant), 0.6% as followers of Umbanda or other "afro" religions, 0.3% as Jewish, and 0.4% chose "Other".^[22] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 574 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,177 × 1,562 pixels, file size: 767 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Modification of Media:IMG SanCarlos. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 574 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,177 × 1,562 pixels, file size: 767 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Modification of Media:IMG SanCarlos. ... San Carlos means Saint Charles in the Spanish language. ... Maldonado is a name of Hispanic origin. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ... The term agnosticism and the related agnostic were coined by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1869. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ...

The majority of Uruguayans do not actively practice religion. It is widely considered the most secular nation in Latin America.^{[citation needed]}

Social Issues

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can (December 2007).

According to data published by the United Nations, the Gini index for Uruguay was 0.449 in 2003, where 1.00 stands for maximum inequality and 0 for even distribution of the wealth between the population.^[23] Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper Variabilità e mutabilità. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. ...

A recent report^[24] used 2 indicators to estimate the number of people living in poverty in the country.

• Indigence line: income of the family is not enough for the basic food consumption.

• Poverty line: income of the family is not enough for food consumption, clothing, health and transport.

The numbers obtained depends according with the methodology used, the inform uses 3 different methods. According to the one proposed by the Regional Workshop about poverty measurement in 1996, which produces the highest values of all, the results for the first quarter of 2006 are:

Population below Indigence line: 3.01%

Population below Poverty line: 18%

The reports shows the indicators are improving as the country is recovering from the last 2002 crisis; in 2004, poverty indicators reached an all time high.^[25]

A new ministry of Social Development was created by the Broad Front (Uruguay) (Frente Amplio) government led by Tabare Vazquez, and an Emergency plan which targets the less favoured 200.000 Uruguayans. Flag of the Frente Amplio The Broad Front or FA (in Spanish: Frente Amplio) is an Uruguayan coalition of centre-left political parties and organizations. ... Tabaré Ramón Vázquez Rosas (born 17 January 1940) is currently leader of Uruguays leftist Broad Front coalition (Frente Amplio in Spanish). ... Emergency operations or Emergency preparedness is a set of doctrines to prepare civil society to cope with natural or man-made disasters. ...

The average income of a woman in 2002 in Uruguay was 71.8% of the income of men for the same activity.^[26] The average income of African heritage workers is 65% of that of those of European heritage.^[27]

Montevideo, capital of the country. A view of pedestrian street in the Ciudad Vieja, former Spanish citadel

Although rents in neighborhoods not in high demand are not very expensive in Uruguay, it is usually required to have another property as a warranty for the contract, or leave a deposit which many can not afford. This first condition makes renting a property especially difficult for the least favoured sectors of the population. According to the INE 23, 3% of the population lives in a place neither owned nor rented. Some of them are proper built houses, but others are precarious constructions built illegally in public or private empty land just outside the cities. Thus, whole new poor neighborhoods have emerged in the last decades. They are called Asentamientos or more colloquially Cantegriles in ironic allusion to the fashionable Neighborhood of Cantegril in Punta del Este. The phenomena is similar to the Favelas in Brazil, Villas Miseria in Argentina, Barrios in Venezuela, Arrabales in Spain, Poblaciones Callampa in Chile or Jacales in Mexico. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Montevideo (disambiguation). ... Department Maldonado Department Altitude 0m Coordinates 34º 58S 54º 57W Founded 1907 Population 8,252 (2004) Demonym Puntaesteño Phone Code +042 Postal Code 20100 Skyline of Punta del Este looking from Punta Ballena Image:Sunrise punta ballena 2006 january. ...

Sport

The main sport in Uruguay is football. The Uruguay national football team is one of only five nations to win the FIFA World Cup on two or more occasions. In 1930, Uruguay hosted the first ever World Cup and went on to win the competition, defeating Argentina 4-2 in the final. Uruguay won the 1950 FIFA World Cup as well, famously defeating the favored hosts, Brazil, 2-1 in the final. Uruguay is by far the smallest country, population wise, to win a World Cup. Out of the World Cup winners, the nation with the second smallest population is Argentina (winners of the 1978 and 1986 editions) who currently have just over 40,000,000 people according to the latest estimate; the 2002 census has Uruguay's current population slightly under 3,400,000. The Uruguay national team has also won the Copa América 14 different times, a record it shares with Argentina. The most popular football teams in Uruguay are Club Atlético Peñarol (Three times World champions, five times Copa Libertadores de América champions) and Club Nacional de Football (Three times World champions, three times Copa Libetadores de América champions, and oldest club in Uruguay), followed by Defensor, Danubio (last Uruguayan champion).Uruguay has had many great known players such as Enzo Francescoli and Currently known now Diego Forlan UEFA golden boot winner. First international Uruguay 2 - 3 Argentina (Montevideo, Uruguay; 16 May 1901) Biggest win Uruguay 9 - 0 Bolivia (Lima, Peru; 9 November 1927) Biggest defeat Uruguay 0 - 6 Argentina (Montevideo, Uruguay; 20 July 1902) World Cup Appearances 10 (First in 1930) Best result Winners, 1930 and 1950 Copa América Appearances... The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football (soccer) competition contested by the mens national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1930 FIFA World Cup was the first football World Cup tournament ever staged. ... Qualifying countries The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the only one not decided by a knockout final. ... Uruguay V Brazil was a football match of the 1950 FIFA World Cup which decided the outcome of the tournament. ... The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the World Cup, was held in Argentina between June 1 and June 25. ... The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from May 31 to June 29. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Club Atlético Peñarol is a famous football team in Montevideo, Uruguay. ... Club Nacional de Football is a traditional Uruguayan sports club, best known for its football team, based in Montevideo and founded in May 14, 1899. ... Defensor, the Latin word Defender derives from, identical in some languages including Portuguese, refers to: In canon law: defensor matrimonii The princely title Fidei defensor, Defensor Perpétuo do Império do Brasil The tract Defensor pacis A surname, as in Miriam Defensor-Santiago The plural Defensores can be: The...

Basketball, Rugby, and tennis are other popular sports in Uruguay. This article is about the sport. ... For other uses, see Rugby (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation). ...

International rankings

Political and economic rankings

GDP per capita - 60^th highest, at I$11,969

Human Development Index - 46^th high, at 0.852

Income Equality - , at 0.449 (Gini Index)

Literacy Rate - 51^st, at 97.7%

Unemployment rate - 112^th, at 8.70%

Health rankings

Fertility rate- 139^th most fertile, at 1.97 per woman

Birth rate - 157^th most births, at 13.91 per 1000 people

Infant mortality - 128^th most deaths, at 1 per 1000 live births

Death rate - 84^th highest death rate, at 9.16 per 1000 people

Life Expectancy - 47^th highest, at 76.4 years

Suicide Rate - 24^th highest suicide rate, at 15.1 for males and 6.4 for females per 100,000 people

HIV/AIDS rate - 108^th most cases, at 0.30%

Other rankings

CO₂ emissions - 125^th highest emissions, at 1.65 tonnes per capita

Electricity Consumption - 88^th highest consumption of electricity, at 7,762,000,000 kWh

Broadband Internet access - no data

Global Peace Index - 24^th

Comparative ranking by index

⁽¹⁾ Worldwide ranking among countries evaluated.

⁽²⁾ Ranking among the 20 Latin American countries.

⁽³⁾ Ranking among 108 developing countries with available data only.

⁽⁴⁾ Ranking among 71 developing countries with available data only. Countries in the sample suveyed between 1990-2005. Refers to population below income poverty line as define by the World Bank's $2 per day indicator

⁽⁵⁾ Because the Gini coefficient used for the ranking corresponds to different years depending of the country, and the underlying household surveys differ in method and in the type of data collected, the distribution data are not strictly comparable across countries. The ranking therefore is only a proxy for reference purposes, and though the source is the same, the sample is smaller than for the HDI

The international dollar is a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power that the U.S. dollar has in the United States at a given point in time. ... World map of the Gini coefficient This is a list of countries or dependencies by Income inequality metrics, sorted in ascending order according to their Gini coefficient. ... The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper Variabilità e mutabilità. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. ... World literacy rates by country, based on The World Factbook. ... Map of countries and territories by fertility rate Graph of Total Fertility Rates vs. ... This is a list of countries by infant mortality rate, based on The World Factbook, 2005 estimates. ... This article is under construction. ... World map of suicide rates per 100,000. ... People living with HIV/AIDS by country The adult HIV prevalence at the end of 2004 This is a list of countries and territories by people living with HIV/AIDS and the prevalence rate among adults, based on data from various sources, such as the The CIA World Factbook [1... Insert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text here CO2 emission per capita per year per country This is a list of countriesafsdafdasfsdfsfsdfafsafsdafsadfs by carbon dioxide emissions per capita from 1990 through 2003. ... These are lists of broadband Internet access. ... World map of the Global Peace Index The Global Peace Index is an attempt to measure the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness. ... The Human Poverty Index is an indication of the standard of living in a country, developed by the United Nations (UN). ... The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ... Map of world poverty by country, showing percentage of population living on less than 1 dollar per day. ... The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ... World map of the Global Peace Index The Global Peace Index is an attempt to measure the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Overview of the index of perception of corruption, 2006 Since 1995, Transparency International has published an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)[1] ordering the countries of the world according to the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians.[2] The organization defines corruption as... Transparency International (TI) is an international organisation addressing corruption, including, but not limited to, political corruption. ... Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a method of quantifying and numerically scaling the environmental performance of a set of companies or countries. ... Yale redirects here. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF, German: Reporter ohne Grenzen or ROG) is a Paris-based international non-governmental organization that advocates for freedom of the press. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF) is a French origin international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press, founded by its current general-secretary, Robert Menard. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ... The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City, New York, USA, with Asian and European editions, and a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006, with 931,000 paying online subscribers. ... The Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality of life index is based on a unique methodology that links the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveys to the objective determinants of quality of life across countries. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... World map of the 2006-2007 Global Competitiveness Index. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... World map of the Gini coefficient This is a list of countries or dependencies by Income inequality metrics, sorted in ascending order according to their Gini coefficient. ... The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... A developing country is a country with low average income compared to the world average. ... A developing country is a country with low average income compared to the world average. ... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ... Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ...

References

v • d • e Countries of South America
Countries and territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas shown in italics
	Sovereign states Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago · Uruguay · Venezuela World Factbook 2004 cover The World Factbook is an annual publication by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States with basic almanac-style information about the various countries of the world. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 70th day of the year (71st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is an alphabetical list of South American countries and dependencies. ... This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas in an equal-area projection The Americas are the lands of the New World, consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Image File history File links South_America. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Dependencies Aruba (Netherlands) · Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK) World map of dependent territories. ... Motto Leo Terram Propriam Protegat(Latin) Let the Lion protect his own land or May the Lion protect his own land Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Grytviken (King Edward Point) Official languages English Government British overseas territory  -  Head of State Queen Elizabeth II  -  Commissioner Alan Huckle Area  -  Total 3...