Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova

Cosmonaut
Nationality	Russian
Born	March 6, 1937 Yaroslavl Oblast, USSR
Occupation1	Pilot
Rank	Major General, Soviet Air Force
Space time	2d 22h 50m
Selection	Female Group
Mission(s)	Vostok 6
Mission insignia
1 previous or current

1963 USSR postage stamp depicting Valentina Tereshkova

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (Russian: Валенти́на Влади́мировна Терешко́ва; born March 6, 1937), is a retired Soviet cosmonaut and was the first woman to fly in space, aboard Vostok 6 on the 16th of June 1963. Image File history File links Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova On June 16, 1963 Valentina was the first women into space with 48 orbits totaling 70 hours and 50 min. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Yaroslavl Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. ... An aviator is a person who flies aircraft for pleasure or as a profession. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы (Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily), formed the official designation of the airforce of the Soviet Union. ... 1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1978 1979 1980 1982 1984 1985 1987 1990 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000 2003 2004 1958 June 25 - Man In Space Soonest - USA The first group of American astronaut candidates were selected... A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ... Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 patch File links The following pages link to this file: Vostok 5 Vostok 6 Categories: Pre-1973 Soviet Union images ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1615x2536, 1125 KB) en: 1963 Soviet Union 10 kopeks stamp. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1615x2536, 1125 KB) en: 1963 Soviet Union 10 kopeks stamp. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October Revolution   - Declared... U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit (MMU) outside the Challenger in 1984. ... Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA) Outer space, also simply called space, refers to the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. ... A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

She was born in Bolshoye Maslennikovo, a small village in the Yaroslavl Oblast. After school she worked in a textile factory, and then studied engineering. She also trained in parachuting at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at age 22 on 21 May 1959. In 1961 she became secretary of the local Komsomol (Young Communist League) and later joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Bolshoye Maslennikovo (Russian:Большое Масленниково) or Bolshiye Masleniki (Большие Масленики) is a village in Tutayevsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. ... Yaroslavl Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. ... Skydiver about to land Parachuting, or skydiving, is an activity involving the breaking of a free-fall from a height using a parachute. ... Komsomol (Комсомол) is a syllabic abbreviation word, from the Russian Kommunisticheski Soyuz Molodiozhi (Коммунистический союз молодёжи), or Communist... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the Russian...

Career in Soviet space program

After the flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961, Sergey Korolyov, the head Soviet rocket engineer, came up with the idea of putting a woman in space. On 16 February 1962 Valentina Tereshkova was selected to join the female cosmonaut corps. Out of more than four hundred applicants, five were selected: Tatiana Kuznetsova, Irina Solovyova, Zhanna Yerkina, Valentina Ponomareva, and Tereshkova. Qualifications included that they be parachutists under 30 years of age, under 170 cm tall and under 70 kg in weight. Colonel Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин, Jurij Alekseevič Gagarin; March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968), was a Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 became the first human in space and the first human to orbit the Earth. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Sergei Korolyov at the Kapustin Yar firing range in 1953. ...

Tereshkova was considered a particularly worthy candidate, thanks in part to her "proletarian" background, and also because her father had died as a war hero fighting the Nazis. Training included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, rocket theory, spacecraft engineering, 120 parachute jumps and pilot training in MiG-15UTI jet fighters. However, they were not truly integrated into the cosmonaut detachment and considered for flight assignments on an equal basis with the male cosmonauts. The Soviet leadership considered flights of women into space only to be for propaganda purposes. It was Nikita Khrushchev himself who made the final selection, choosing Tereshkova to become the first of the five to fly. The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (Russian: ) (NATO reporting name Fagot) was a jet fighter developed for the USSR by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich. ... Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: ; English: Nikita Sergeevič Hruŝëv; IPA: ); surname more accurately romanized as Khrushchyov; April 17, 1894 [O.S. April 5]–September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ...

On June 16, 1963 she flew on Vostok 6, and became the first woman and first civilian to fly into space. Her call sign in this flight was Chayka (English: Seagull; Russian: Ча́йка). She orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space, which was more than the combined flights times of all American astronauts at the time. June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Seagull or Seagulls may refer to: Gull, a family of seabird, members of which are often called seagulls. ...

It was later reported that Korolyov was unhappy with Tereshkova's performance in orbit and she was not permitted to take some manual control of the spacecraft as had been planned. His deputy Vasily Mishin claimed she was "on the edge of psychological instability". Tereshkova maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. She handed out her space-rations to on-lookers at the landing site, it is claimed, in order to cover up the fact she did not eat enough during the flight. Vasily Mishin Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (born January 18, 1917, died October 10, 2001) was a Russian engineer and rocketry pioneer. ...

Vostok 6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched only two days after Vostok 5 which carried Valery Bykovsky into orbit for five days, landing only three hours after Tereshkova in Vostok 6. The two vessels were at one point only 5km apart and established a radio link. A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ... Like Vostoks 3 and 4, Vostok 5 and 6 were joint missions in the Soviet space program, and like the previous pair, came close to one another in orbit and established a radio link. ... Valery Bykovsky Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (Russian: Валерий Фёдорович Быковский; born 2 August 1934, Pavlovsky Posad) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three manned space mission space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31. ... A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ...

Even though there were plans for further female flights it took 19 years until the second woman, Svetlana Savitskaya, flew into space, with the pressure of impending American Space Shuttle flights with female astronauts. None of the other four in Tereshkova's cosmonaut group ever flew. Svetlana Yevgeniyena Savitskaya - first woman to perform a space-walk Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (Russian: ; born August 8, 1948, in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet female cosmonaut who flew the Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space some 19 years after Valentina Tereshkova. ... NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ...

Later career

After her flight she studied at the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy, and graduated with a distinction as cosmonaut engineer in 1969. The same year, the female cosmonaut group was dissolved. In 1977 she received a doctorate of engineering. Due to her prominence she was chosen for several political positions: From 1966 to 1974 she was a member of the Supreme Soviet, from 1974 to 1989 in the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, from 1969 to 1991 she was in the Central Committee of the Communist Party. In 1997 she was retired from the air force and the cosmonaut corps by presidential order. There were a number of military academies in the Soviet Union of different specialties. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Supreme Soviet (Russian: , Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Presidium or Praesidium (from Latin praesidium meaning protection or defense so plural presidia or praesidia) is the name for the executive committee of various legislative and organizational bodies. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, Tseka, was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

After the Vostok 6 flight a joke began circulating that she should marry Andrian Nikolayev (1929–2004), the only bachelor cosmonaut to have flown. There have been various rumors about this marriage, e.g., about the pressure from Nikita Khrushchev, in several versions, one of them alleged that medical researchers wanted to perform an experiment with sex in space.^[1] Nikolayev and Tereshkova married on November 3, 1963 at the Moscow Wedding Palace. Khrushchev himself presided at the wedding party, together with top government and space program leaders. A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ... Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev Andrian Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев), (September 5, 1929–July 3, 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: ; English: Nikita Sergeevič Hruŝëv; IPA: ); surname more accurately romanized as Khrushchyov; April 17, 1894 [O.S. April 5]–September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Sex in space is distinguished mainly by the absence of gravity (unless the artificial gravity is created in the space ship) which leads to some difficulties surrounding its performing. ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...

She gave birth to their daughter Elena Andrianovna (who is now a doctor and was the first person to have both a mother and father who had travelled into space) in 1964. She and Nikolayev divorced in 1982, though their marriage collapsed long before. Her second husband, Yuri Shaposhnikov died in 1999. 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

Valentina Tereshkova visiting in Finland 2002

Valentina Tereshkova later became a prominent member of the Soviet government and a well known representative abroad. She was made a member of the World Peace Council in 1966, a member of the Yaroslavl Soviet in 1967, a member of the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet in 1966-1970 and 1970-1974, and was elected to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1974. She was also the Soviet representative to the UN Conference for the International Women’s Year in Mexico City in 1975. She attained the rank of deputy to the Supreme Soviet, membership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee, Vice President of the International Woman’s Democratic Federation and President of the Soviet-Algerian Friendship Society. Image File history File linksMetadata Tereshkova_heureka. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Tereshkova_heureka. ... The World Peace Council (or World Council of Peace) was formed in 1949 in order to promote peaceful coexistence and nuclear disarmament. ... Yaroslavl Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. ... The Supreme Soviet (Russian: , Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. ... The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Президиум Верховного Совета СССР in Russian, or Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a Soviet governmental body. ...

She was decorated Hero of the Soviet Union, the USSR's highest award. She was also awarded the Order of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, numerous medals, and foreign orders including the United Nations Gold Medal of Peace and the Simba International Women’s Movement Award. She was also bestowed a title of the Hero of Socialist Labor of Czechoslovakia, Hero of Labor of Vietnam, and Hero of Mongolia. In 1990 she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Edinburgh. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after Tereshkova. Hero of the Soviet Union (Russian: Герой Советского Союза, Geroy Sovetskogo Soyuza) was the highest honorary title and the superior degree of distinction of the Soviet Union. ... The Order of Lenin (ru: Орден Ленина), named after the leader of the Russian Revolution, was the second highest national order of the Soviet Union (Highest was the Order of Victory). ... The Order of the October Revolution was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. ... The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Tereshkova is a relatively small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. ... Far side of the Moon. ...

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Tereshkova lost her political office but none of her prestige. To this day, she is still revered as a Russian heroine, and to some her importance in Russian space history is only surpassed by Yuri Gagarin and Alexei Leonov. Since her retirement from politics, she appears infrequently at space-related events, and appears to be content with being out of the limelight. Colonel Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин, Jurij Alekseevič Gagarin; March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968), was a Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 became the first human in space and the first human to orbit the Earth. ... Aleksei Leonov Aleksei Arkhipovich Leonov (Cyrillic: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов; born May 30, 1934 in Listvyanka) is a retired cosmonaut who, on March 18, 1965 became the first person...

Pop culture

In Peter F. Hamilton's novel The Reality Dysfunction Vostok 6, the capsule which launched Tereshkova into space is owned by Ione Saldana, the Lord of Ruin. Peter F. Hamilton Peter F. Hamilton Peter F. Hamilton (born 1960, Rutland, England), is a British science fiction author. ... The Reality Dysfunction is a science fiction novel by Peter F. Hamilton; the first book in his The Nights Dawn Trilogy. ... A joint flight with Vostok 5, Vostok 6 carried the first woman into space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. ... Space has been an interest for philosophers and scientists for much of human history. ...

References

1. ^ Valentina Tereshkova (Russian)

• BBC: Tereshkova received the Greatest Woman of the Century Award
• RSC Energia Biography of Tereschkova including a comprehensive list of awards and honors.

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