State of Vermont
Flag of Vermont Great Seal of Vermont Nickname(s): The Green Mountain State Motto(s): Freedom and Unity Before Statehood Known as The Vermont Republic
Official language(s)	None
Capital	Montpelier
Largest city	Burlington
Area	Ranked 45th in the US
- Total	9,620 sq mi (24,923 km²)
- Width	80 miles (130 km)
- Length	160 miles (260 km)
- % water	3.8
- Latitude	42° 44′ N to 45° 1′ N
- Longitude	71° 28′ W to 73° 26′ W
Population	Ranked 49th in the US
- Total	608,827
- Density	65.8/sq mi  25.41/km² (30th in the US)
- Median income	$48,508 (19th)
Elevation
- Highest point	Mount Mansfield[1] 4,393 ft  (1,340 m)
- Mean	1,000 ft  (300 m)
- Lowest point	Lake Champlain[1] 95 ft  (29 m)
Admission to Union	March 4, 1791 (14th)
Governor	Jim Douglas (R)
Lieutenant Governor	Brian Dubie (R)
U.S. Senators	Patrick Leahy (D) Bernie Sanders (I)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4 (DST)
Abbreviations	VT US-VT
Website	www.vermont.gov

Much of the business of local government in Vermont towns takes place each March during a town Meeting held at a meeting house, such as this one in Marlboro, Vermont.

Vermont (IPA: /vɜrˈmɒnt/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state ranks 45th by total area, and 43rd by land area at 9,250 square miles (24,000 km²), and has a population of 608,827, making it the second least populous state (second only to Wyoming). The only New England state with no coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, Vermont is notable for the Green Mountains in the west and Lake Champlain in the northwest. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Vermont usually refers to the U.S. state of Vermont. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vermont. ... Image File history File links Great_seal_of_Vermont_bw. ... Categories: Stub | U.S. state flags ... The Great Seal of the State of Vermont was designed by Ira Allen. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... The state motto as it appears on the Flag of Vermont. ... Flag of Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic was an independent republic that existed from 1777 until it became the state of Vermont—the 14th state of the United States of America—in 1791. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vermont_Republic. ... Image File history File links Map_of_USA_VT.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Vermont ... The United States does not have an official language, but English is spoken by about 82% of the population as a native language. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... Location of Montpelier in Washington County, Vermont Coordinates: , Country State County Washington County Government  - Mayor Mary Hooper Area  - City  10. ... Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... “km” redirects here. ... Map of states populations (2006) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2006, according to the 2005 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... For information on the income of individuals, see Personal income in the United States. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... Mount Mansfield is the highest mountain in the U.S. State of Vermont. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... James H. Jim Douglas (born June 21, 1951) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Vermont. ... This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. ... Brian Dubie (born March 9, 1959) is the 85th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Patrick Joseph Leahy (born March 31, 1940) is the senior United States Senator from Vermont. ... Bernard Bernie Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is the current big willy floppah junior United States Senator from big blob of brown poo Vermont. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are tables of congressional delegations from Vermont to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ... U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Description: Photograph of Meeting House, Marlboro, Vermont Source: Photograph taken by Jared C. Benedict on 11 September 2004. ... Description: Photograph of Meeting House, Marlboro, Vermont Source: Photograph taken by Jared C. Benedict on 11 September 2004. ... Marlboro, Vermont Marlboro is a town located in Windham County, Vermont. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... The Green Mountains may refer to: The Green Mountains in Vermont in the United States extending into southern Quebec in Canada. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation). ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ...

Originally inhabited by Native American tribes (Abenaki, and Iroquois), the territory that is now Vermont was claimed by France but became a British possession after France's defeat in the French and Indian War. For many years, the surrounding colonies disputed control of the area, especially New Hampshire and New York. Settlers who held land titles granted by these colonies were opposed by the Green Mountain Boys militia, which eventually prevailed in creating an independent state. Vermont became the 14th state to join the United States, following a 14-year period during and after the Revolutionary War as the independent Vermont Republic. This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... The Abenaki (also Wabanuok or Wabanaki) are a tribe of Native Americans/First Nations belonging to the Algonquian peoples of northeastern North America. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and... Betsy Ross purportedly sewed the first American flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes representing each of the 13 colonies. ... The Green Mountain Boys was historically, the militia of the Vermont Republic. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Flag of Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic was an independent republic that existed from 1777 until it became the state of Vermont—the 14th state of the United States of America—in 1791. ...

It is the leading producer of maple syrup in the United States.^[2] The state capital is Montpelier, and the largest city is Burlington. Bottled maple syrup produced in Quebec. ... Location of Montpelier in Washington County, Vermont Coordinates: , Country State County Washington County Government  - Mayor Mary Hooper Area  - City  10. ... Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ...

Geography

See also: List of counties in Vermont, List of Vermont county seats, List of towns in Vermont, and List of mountains in Vermont

Vermont is located in the New England region in the eastern United States and comprises 9,614 square miles (24,902 km²), making it the 45th largest state. Of this, land comprises 9,250 square miles (23,955 km²) and water comprises 365 square miles (948 km²), making it the 43rd largest in land area and the 47th in water area. In area, it is larger than El Salvador and smaller than Haiti. The 14 Vermont counties List of Vermont counties: The state of Vermont is broken into 14 counties. ... Addison County - Middlebury Bennington County - Bennington, Manchester Caledonia County - St. ... The state of Vermont has 255 political units, or places. This includes 237 towns, 9 cities, 5 unorganized towns, and 4 gores. ... This is a list of mountains in the state of Vermont. ...

Map of Vermont, showing cities, roads and rivers

The west bank of the Connecticut River marks the eastern border of the state with New Hampshire (the river itself is part of New Hampshire).^[3] Lake Champlain, the major lake in Vermont, is the sixth-largest body of fresh water in the United States and separates Vermont from New York in the northwest portion of the state. From north to south, Vermont is 159 miles (256 km). Its greatest width, from east to west, is 89 miles (143 km) at the Canadian border; the narrowest width is 37 miles (60 km) at the Massachusetts line. The state's geographic center is Washington, three miles (5 km) east of Roxbury. File links The following pages link to this file: Vermont Categories: National Atlas images | Vermont maps ... File links The following pages link to this file: Vermont Categories: National Atlas images | Vermont maps ... The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... In a Euclidian space the geographic center, or mean center, is the calculated mean of coordinate values. ... Washington, Vermont Washington is a town located in Orange County, Vermont. ... Roxbury, Vermont Roxbury is a town located in Washington County, Vermont. ...

There are six distinct physiographic regions of Vermont. Categorized by geological and physical attributes, they are the Northeastern Highlands, the Green Mountains, the Taconic Mountains, the Champlain Lowlands, the Valley of Vermont and the Vermont Piedmont.^[4]

The origin of the name Green Mountains (French: Verts monts) is uncertain. Some authorities say that they are so named because they have much more forestation than the higher White Mountains of New Hampshire and Adirondacks of New York. Other authorities say that they are so named because of the predominance of mica-quartz-chlorite schist, a green-hued metamorphosed shale. The range forms a north-south spine running most of the length of the state, slightly west of its center. In the southwest portion of the state are the Taconic Mountains; the Granitic Mountains are in the northeast.^[5] In the northwest near Lake Champlain is the fertile Champlain Valley. In the south of the valley is Lake Bomoseen. Look up Forestation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Rock with mica Mica sheet Mica flakes The mica group of sheet silicate minerals includes several closely related materials having highly perfect basal cleavage. ... For other uses, see Quartz (disambiguation). ... The chlorite ion This discusses some chlorine compounds. ... Schist The schists form a group of medium-grade metamorphic rocks, chiefly notable for the preponderance of lamellar minerals such as micas, chlorite, talc, hornblende, graphite, and others. ... The Taconic Mountains are part of the Appalachian Mountains, running along the eastern border of New York State, United States. ... Champlain Valley is a region of the United States around Lake Champlain in Vermont and New York. ... Bomoseen Lake is a freshwater lake in the western part of the U.S. state of Vermont. ...

Vermont has 14 counties. Only two—Lamoille and Washington—are entirely surrounded by Vermont territory.

Several mountains have timberlines with delicate year round alpine ecosystems. These include Mount Mansfield, the highest mountain in the state, Killington Peak, the second highest, and Camels Hump the state's third highest. About 77 percent of the state is covered by forest; the rest is covered in meadow, uplands, lakes, ponds and swampy wetlands. Smaller version of Vermont county map (from PD image) File links The following pages link to this file: Vermont List of counties in Vermont Categories: United States government images | Vermont maps ... Smaller version of Vermont county map (from PD image) File links The following pages link to this file: Vermont List of counties in Vermont Categories: United States government images | Vermont maps ... Lamoille County is a county located in the state of Vermont. ... Washington County is a county located in the state of Vermont. ... Mount Mansfield is the highest mountain in the U.S. State of Vermont. ... Killington Peak, with an elevation of 4,241 feet, is the second highest summit in the Green Mountains and is the point with the second highest elevation in the U.S. state of Vermont. ... Camels Hump is Vermonts third highest mountain (and its highest undeveloped peak), but because of its distinctive profile, perhaps the states most recognized mountain. ...

Areas in Vermont administered by the National Park Service include the Appalachian National Scenic Trail and the Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park in Woodstock. The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the eastern United States, extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. ... The Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park near Woodstock, Vermont preserves the site where Frederick Billings established a managed forest and a progressive dairy farm. ... Woodstock, Vermont Woodstock is a town located in Windsor County, Vermont. ...

Cities

Montpelier, capital of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont's largest city

Rutland

Barre

Cities (2003 estimated population): A man browses at a bookstore in downtown Montpelier, Vermont (taken Sept. ... A man browses at a bookstore in downtown Montpelier, Vermont (taken Sept. ... Location of Montpelier in Washington County, Vermont Coordinates: , Country State County Washington County Government  - Mayor Mary Hooper Area  - City  10. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 230 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 230 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1215x650, 86 KB) Summary Downtown Historic District, Rutland, Vermont Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Rutland City, Vermont List of Registered Historic Places in Rutland County... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1215x650, 86 KB) Summary Downtown Historic District, Rutland, Vermont Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Rutland City, Vermont List of Registered Historic Places in Rutland County... Rutland, Vermont Rutland is a town in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Barre is the name of a Town and a City in Vermont: Barre (town), Vermont Barre City, Vermont Also known as Scary Barre. ... The system of local government in use in New England is very different from that found throughout the rest of the United States. ...

• Burlington - 39,148
• Rutland - 17,103
• South Burlington - 16,285
• Barre - 9,166
• Montpelier - 7,945
• St. Albans - 7,565
• Winooski - 6,561
• Newport - 5,092
• Vergennes - 2,789

Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and is the shire town of Chittenden County, Vermont. ... Rutland is a city in Rutland County, Vermont, in the United States. ... South Burlington, Vermont South Burlington is a city located in Chittenden County, Vermont, in the United States. ... Barre is a city in Washington County, Vermont, in the United States. ... Location of Montpelier in Washington County, Vermont Coordinates: , Country State County Washington County Government  - Mayor Mary Hooper Area  - City  10. ... St. ... Winooski, Vermont Winooski is a city located in Chittenden County, Vermont, at the mouth of the Winooski River. ... Newport City, Vermont Newport is a city located in Orleans County, Vermont. ... Vergennes, Vermont Vergennes is a city located in the northwest quadrant of Addison County, Vermont, in the United States. ...

Largest towns

Although these towns are large enough to be considered cities, they are not incorporated as such. The system of local government in use in New England is very different from that found throughout the rest of the United States. ...

Largest towns (2003 estimated population):

• Essex, 18,933
• Colchester, 17,175
• Bennington, 15,637
• Brattleboro, 11,996
• Hartford, 10,625
• Milton, 9,925

Essex, Vermont Essex is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. ... Colchester, Vermont Colchester is a town located in Chittenden County, Vermont. ... Bennington (town), Vermont Old Bennington, Vermont Bennington County, Vermont North Bennington, Vermont Bennington (CDP), Vermont This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Downtown Brattleboro, as seen looking across the Connecticut River from New Hampshire Brattleboro is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. ... Hartford, Vermont Hartford is a town located in Windsor County, Vermont. ... Milton, Vermont Milton is a town located in Chittenden County, Vermont. ...

Climate

Vermont has a continental moist climate, with warm, humid summers and cold winters, which become colder at higher elevations.^[6] It has a Koppen climate classification of Dfb, similar to Minsk, Stockholm and Fargo.^[7] Vermont is known for its mud season in spring followed by a generally mild early summer, hot Augusts and a colorful autumn, and particularly for its cold winters. The northern part of the state, including the rural northeastern section (dubbed the "Northeast Kingdom") is known for exceptionally cold winters, often averaging 10 °F (-12 °C) colder than the southern areas of the state. Annual snowfall averages between 60 to 100 inches (150–250 cm) depending on elevation, giving Vermont some of New England's best cross-country and downhill ski areas. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... Muddy dirt road during Mud Season Mud Season is a term used to denote a time period in late Winter and early Spring. ... The Northeast Kingdom is a term used to describe the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Vermont, comprising Essex County, Orleans County, and Caledonia County. ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ... // Main article: List of ski areas and resorts This is a list of ski areas and resorts in the United States. ...

In the autumn, Vermont's hills experience an explosion of red, orange and gold foliage displayed on the sugar maple as cold weather approaches. This famous display of color that occurs so abundantly in Vermont is not due so much to the presence of a particular variant of the sugar maple; rather it is caused by a number of soil and climate conditions unique to the area. Binomial name Acer saccharum Marshall The Sugar Maple Acer saccharum is a prominent tree in the hardwood forests of eastern North America. ...

The highest-recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C), at Vernon on July 4, 1911; the lowest-recorded temperature was -50 °F (-46 °C), at Bloomfield on December 30, 1933. Vernon, Vermont Vernon is a town located in Windham County, Vermont. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Bloomfield, Vermont Bloomfield is a town located in Essex County, Vermont. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

Main article: History of Vermont

Mount Mansfield, at 4,393 feet (1,339 m), is the highest elevation point in Vermont. Other high points are Killington Peak, Mount Ellen, Mount Abraham, and Camel's Hump. The lowest point in the state is Lake Champlain at 95 feet (29 m). The state's average elevation is 1,000 feet (300 m).

Mount Mansfield, at 4,393 feet, is the highest elevation point in Vermont. ... Description: Photograph of Mount Mansfield Source: Photograph taken by Jared C. Benedict on 26 September 2004. ... Description: Photograph of Mount Mansfield Source: Photograph taken by Jared C. Benedict on 26 September 2004. ... Mount Mansfield is the highest mountain in the U.S. State of Vermont. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... Killington Peak, with an elevation of 4,241 feet, is the second highest summit in the Green Mountains and is the point with the second highest elevation in the U.S. state of Vermont. ... Mount Ellen is a 4,083-foot (1,244 m) high mountain in Vermont. ... Mount Abraham is the fifth tallest peak in Vermont at 4006 ft. ... Camels Hump is Vermonts third highest mountain (and its highest undeveloped peak), but because of its distinctive profile, perhaps the states most recognized mountain. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ...

Prehistory and pre-Columbian era

Vermont was covered with shallow seas periodically from the Cambrian to Devonian periods. Lower areas of western Vermont were flooded again, as part of the St. Lawrence Valley "Champlain Sea" at the end of the last ice age, when the land had not yet rebounded from the weight of the glaciers. The Champlain Sea was a temporary inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, created by the retreating glaciers during the close of the last ice age. ...

Little is known of the pre-Columbian history of Vermont. The western part of the state was originally home to a small population of Algonquian-speaking tribes, including the Mohican and Abenaki peoples. Between 8500 to 7000 BC, at the time of the Champlain Sea, Native Americans inhabited and hunted in Vermont. From 8th century BC to 1000 BC was the Archaic Period. During the era, Native Americans migrated year-round. From 1000 BC to AD 1600 was the Woodland Period, when villages and trade networks were established, and ceramic and bow and arrow technology was developed. Sometime between 1500 and 1600, the Iroquois drove many of the smaller native tribes out of Vermont, later using the area as a hunting ground and warring with the remaining Abenaki. The population in 1500 is estimated to be around 10,000 people. The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents. ... The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... Mahicans settled the Hudson River south of the Mohawk River, moved east to Massachusetts, then to Wisconsin. ... The Abenaki (also Wabanuok or Wabanaki) are a tribe of Native Americans/First Nations belonging to the Algonquian peoples of northeastern North America. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... This article is about the projectile weapon bow. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... This article is about the hunting of prey by human society. ...

Colonial

The first European to see Vermont is thought to have been Jacques Cartier, in 1535. On July 30, 1609, French explorer Samuel de Champlain claimed the area of what is now Lake Champlain, giving to the mountains the appellation of les Monts vert (the Green Mountains). France claimed Vermont as part of New France, and erected Fort Sainte Anne on Isle La Motte in 1666 as part of the fortification of Lake Champlain. This was the first European settlement in Vermont and the site of the first Roman Catholic Mass. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jacques Cartier (disambiguation). ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Statue symbolizing Samuel de Champlain in Ottawa. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France  - Royal Control 1655  - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759  - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760  - Treaty... A French fort Fort Ste. ... Isle La Motte, Vermont Isle La Motte is a town located in Grand Isle County, Vermont. ... For the fortification of food, see Food fortification. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... For other uses of Mass, see Mass (disambiguation). ...

During the latter half of the 17th century, non-French settlers began to explore Vermont and its surrounding area. In 1690, a group of Dutch-British settlers from Albany under Captain Jacobus de Warm established the De Warm Stockade at Chimney Point (eight miles or 13 km west of present-day Addison). This settlement and trading post was directly across Lake Champlain from Crown Point, New York (Pointe à la Chevelure). For other uses, see Albany. ... Addison, Vermont Addison is a town located in Addison County, Vermont. ... Crown Point is a town located in Essex County, New York. ... This article is about the state. ...

In 1731, more French settlers arrived. They constructed a small temporary wooden stockade (Fort de Pieux) on what was Chimney Point until work on Fort St. Frédéric began in 1734. The fort, when completed, gave the French control of the New France/Vermont border region in the Lake Champlain Valley and was the only permanent fort in the area until the building of Fort Carillon more than 20 years later. The government encouraged French colonization, leading to the development of small French settlements in the valley. The British attempted to take the Fort St. Frédéric four times between 1755 and 1758; in 1759, a combined force of 12,000 British regular and provincial troops under Sir Jeffrey Amherst captured the fort. The French were driven out of the area and retreated to other forts along the Richelieu River. One year later a group of Mohawks burnt the settlement to the ground, leaving only chimneys, which gave the area its name. Fort St. ... Jeffrey Amherst, painted by Joshua Reynolds in 1765 Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (sometimes spelled Geoffrey, or Jeffrey, he himself spelled his name as Jeffery) (January 29, 1717 – August 3, 1797) served as an officer in the British Army. ... The Richelieu River in Quebec, Canada flows about 130 km north to drain Lake Champlain into the St. ... This article is about the people known as Mohawk. For other uses, see Mohawk. ...

The first permanent British settlement was established in 1724, with the construction of Fort Dummer in Vermont's far southeast under the command of Lieutenant Timothy Dwight. This fort protected the nearby settlements of Dummerston and Brattleboro. These settlements were made by the Province of Massachusetts Bay to protect its settlers on the western border along the Connecticut River. The second British settlement was the 1761 founding of Bennington in the southwest. Categories: US geography stubs | Vermont state parks | Vermont history | American forts ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... Dummerston, Vermont Dummerston is a town located in Windham County, Vermont. ... Brattleboro, Vermont Downtown Brattleboro, as seen looking Westerly from Wantastiquet Mountain. ... A map of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. ... The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ... Bennington (town), Vermont Old Bennington, Vermont Bennington County, Vermont North Bennington, Vermont Bennington (CDP), Vermont This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The flag adopted by the Vermont Republic served originally as an infantry banner for the Green Mountain Boys, and still serves as the banner for Vermont’s Army and Air National Guard.

The Old Constitution House at Windsor, where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted on July 8, 1777.

During the Seven Years War, locally known as the French and Indian War, some Vermont settlers, including Ethan Allen, joined the colonial militia assisting the British in attacks on the French. Fort Carillon on the New York-Vermont border, a French fort constructed in 1755, was the site of two British offensives under Lord Amherst's command: the unsuccessful British attack in 1758 and the retaking of the following year with no major resistance (most of the garrison had been removed to defend Quebec, Montreal, and the western forts). The British renamed the fort Fort Ticonderoga (which became the site of two later battles during the American Revolutionary War). Following France's loss in the French and Indian War, the 1763 Treaty of Paris gave control of the land to the British. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Flag of Vermont Republic The Vermont Republic was an independent republic that existed from 1777 until it became the state of Vermont—the 14th state of the United States of America—in 1791. ... The Green Mountain Boys was historically, the militia of the Vermont Republic. ... Seal of the National Guard Bureau Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard Seal of the National Guard Missile Defense The United States National Guard is a component of the United States Army (the Army National Guard) and the United States Air Force (the Air... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Old Constitution House in Windsor, Vermont, where the constitution was signed. ... Windsor, Vermont Windsor is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. ... The constitution of the Vermont Republic was Vermonts constitution when it existed as the independent Republic of Vermont from 1777 to 1791. ... This article is about the 1756–1763 war. ... Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and... For other uses, see Ethan Allen (disambiguation). ... Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson... This article is about the state. ... The Battle of Carillon was fought at Fort Carillon (later known as Fort Ticonderoga), on the shore of Lake Champlain in what was then the British colony of New York, July 7-July 8, 1758 during the French and Indian War, and resulted in a victory of the French garrison... The Battle of Ticonderoga of 1758 was an engagement of the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years War not so much a battle as an investment. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region Montréal Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson... This article is about military actions only. ... Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and... The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ...

The end of the war brought new settlers to Vermont. A fort at Crown Point had been built, and the Crown Point Military Road stretched from the east to the west of the Vermont wilderness from Springfield to Chimney Point, making travel from the neighboring British colonies easier. Three colonies, Massachusetts, New York, and New Hampshire, laid claim to the area. The Province of Massachusetts Bay claimed the land on the basis of the 1629 charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Province of New York claimed Vermont based on the early Dutch Charter to the West India Company for lands west of the Connecticut River, and the identical land granted to the Duke of York (later King James II) in 1664. The Province of New Hampshire also claimed Vermont based upon a decree of George II in 1740. In 1741, George II ruled that Massachusetts's claims in Vermont and New Hampshire were invalid and fixed Massachusetts's northern boundary at its present location. This still left New Hampshire and New York with conflicting claims to the land. Crown Point is a town located in Essex County, New York. ... Springfield is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. ... Betsy Ross purportedly sewed the first American flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes representing each of the 13 colonies. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the state. ... For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation). ... A map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Capital Charlestown, Boston History  - Established 1629  - New England Confederation 1643  - Dominion of New England 1686  - Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692  - Disestablished 1692 The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it) was an English settlement on... A map of the Province of New York. ... The Connecticut River as seen from the French King Bridge in western Massachusetts. ... James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701)[2] was King of England, King of Scots,[1] and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685 to 11 December 1688. ... A map of the Province of New Hampshire. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ...

The situation resulted in the New Hampshire Grants, a series of 135 land grants made between 1749 and 1764 by New Hampshire's colonial governor, Benning Wentworth. The grants sparked a dispute with the New York governor, who began granting charters of his own for New Yorker settlement in Vermont. In 1770, Ethan Allen, his brothers Ira and Levi, and Seth Warner recruited an informal militia, the Green Mountain Boys, to protect the interests of the original New Hampshire settlers against the new migrants from New York. When a New York judge arrived in Westminster with New York settlers in March 1775, violence broke out as angry citizens took over the courthouse and called a sheriff's posse. This resulted in the deaths of Daniel Houghton and William French in the "Westminster Massacre." The New Hampshire Grants or Benning Wentworth Grants were land grants made between 1749 and 1764 by the provincial governor of the New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth. ... A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions. ... Benning Wentworth (1696–1770) was the colonial governor of New Hampshire from (1741-1766). ... Categories: People stubs ... The Green Mountain Boys was historically, the militia of the Vermont Republic. ... Westminster, Vermont Westminster is a town located in Windham County, Vermont. ... In most counties in the United States the local trial courts conduct their business in a centrally located courthouse which may also house the offices of the county treasurer, clerk and recorder and assessor. ...

Independence and statehood

Vellum manuscript of the Constitution of Vermont, 1777. This constitution was amended in 1786, and again in 1793 following Vermont's admission to the federal union in 1791.

1790 Act of Congress admitting Vermont to the federal union. Statehood began on March 4, 1791.

The gold leaf dome of the