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This page deals with the flying chariots of Hindu mythology. For the pyramid-shaped roof-towers of south Indian temple architecture, see Vimanam

A vimāna (Sanskrit: विमान) is a mythical flying machine, described in the ancient literature of India. Image File history File links Example. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ... Image File history File links Stop. ... Shortcut: WP:NOR Wikipedia is not the place for original research such as new theories. ... Hindu mythology is a term used by modern scholarship for a large body of Indian literature that details the lives and times of legendary personalities, deities and divine incarnations on earth interspersed with often large sections of philosophical and ethical discourse. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The Sikhara of the Raghunath Temple at Jammu, India is built in the Nagar style of temple architecture. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is an old Indo-Aryan language from the Indian Subcontinent, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India[1], a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...

Description

References to flying machines are commonplace in ancient Indian texts, which even describe their use in warfare. Physical evidence of such craft has not been found. Apart from being able to fly within the Earth's atmosphere, vimānas were also said to be able to travel into space and travel submerged under water. Descriptions in the Vedas and later Indian literature detail vimānas of various shapes and sizes: Veda redirects here. ...

• In the Vedas: the Sun and Indra and several other Vedic deities are transported by flying wheeled chariots pulled by animals, usually horses (but the Vedic god Pūsan's chariot is pulled by goats).

In later Indian literature:- The Vedas are part of the Hindu Shruti; these religious scriptures form part of the core of the Brahminical and Vedic traditions within Hinduism and are the inspirational, metaphysical and mythological foundation for later Vedanta, Yoga, Tantra and even Bhakti forms of Hinduism. ... Indra (Sanskrit: इन्द्र or इंद्र, indra) is the god of weather and war, and lord of Svargaloka in Hinduism. ... Hittite chariot (drawing of an Egyptian relief) Approximate historical map of the spread of the chariot, 2000 –500 BC. A chariot is a two-wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle. ... The god Pūsan is praised in 8 hymns in the Rigveda. ...

• The "agnihotra-vimāna" with two engines. (Agni means "fire" in Sanskrit.)
• The "gaja-vimāna" with more engines. (Gaja means "elephant" in Sanskrit.)
• Other types named after the kingfisher, the ibis, and other animals.

The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is an old Indo-Aryan language from the Indian Subcontinent, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India[1], a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Families Alcedinidae Halcyonidae Cerylidae Kingfishers are birds of the three families Alcedinidae (river kingfishers), Halcyonidae (tree kingfishers), and Cerylidae (water kingfishers). ... Genera Threskiornis Pseudibis Thaumatibis Geronticus Nipponia Bostrychia Theristicus Cercibis Mesembrinibis Phimosus Eudocimus Plegadis Lophotibis Ibises are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae. ...

In UFO lore

Some modern UFO enthusiasts have pointed to the Vimana as evidence for advanced technological civilizations in the distant past, or as support for the ancient astronaut theory. Others have linked the flying machines to the legend of the Nine Unknown Men. // Paintings from Val Camonica, Italy, c. ... In occult lore, the Nine Unknown Men are a millennia-old secret society founded by the Indian Emperor Asoka c. ...

Alexander the Great purportedly gave a description of "dozens of silver disk-like objects" entering and leaving the Jaxartes River in 337 BC. Alexander, so the story goes, then became obsessed with the craft and spent many hours in a primitive diving bell searching for them. (Source: History Channel "Unidentified Submarine Objects") Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ... Syr Darya (also known as Syrdarya or Sirdaryo) is a river in Central Asia. ... The History Channel is a cable television channel, dedicated to the presentation of historical events and persons, often with frequent observations and explanations by noted historians as well as reenactors and witnesses to events, if possible. ...

See book: Childress, D. "The Anti-Gravity Handbook".

For a description of alleged ancient Indian flight technology, see:-

• http://ufo.whipnet.org/creation/ancient.aircraft/india.html
• http://www.telugupeople.com/discussion/article.asp?id=2229

Etymology and usage

The word comes from Sanskrit and seems to be vi-māna = "apart — having been measured". The meaning of the word likely changed in this sequence:- The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is an old Indo-Aryan language from the Indian Subcontinent, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India[1], a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...

• An area of land measured out and set apart to be used for sacred purposes.
• Temple. ("Vimana" now also means some parts of Hindu temples.)
• A god's palace.
• In the Rāmāyana: the demon-lord Rāvana's flying palace called Pushpaka.
• In later Indian writings: other flying vehicles, and sometimes as a poetic word for ordinary ground vehicles.

For the television series by Ramanand Sagar, see Ramayan (TV series). ... A depiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hinduism, Ravana (Devanagari: रावण, IAST ; sometimes transliterated Raavana and as Ravan) is the principal antagonist of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ... Pushpaka Vimana in Hindu mythology was a vehicle that could fly in the air. ...

Mythological descriptions

Sanskrit texts are filled with references to gods who fought battles in the sky using Vimanas equipped with weapons as deadly as any we can deploy in these more enlightened times.

In the Ramayana

For example, there is a passage in the Ramayana which reads:

"The Pushpaka chariot that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravana; that aerial and excellent car going everywhere at will .... that car resembling a bright cloud in the sky ... and the King [Rama] got in, and the excellent car at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere.'"

"Pushpaka" is Sanskrit for "flowery". It is the first flying vimana mentioned in Hindu mythology (as distinct from gods' flying horse-drawn chariots). It is also called Pushpaka Vimana. Pushpaka Vimana in Hindu mythology was a vehicle that could fly in the air. ... A depiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hinduism, Ravana (Devanagari: रावण, IAST ; sometimes transliterated Raavana and as Ravan) is the principal antagonist of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is an old Indo-Aryan language from the Indian Subcontinent, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India[1], a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Hindu mythology is a term used by modern scholarship for a large body of Indian literature that details the lives and times of legendary personalities, deities and divine incarnations on earth interspersed with often large sections of philosophical and ethical discourse. ... Hittite chariot (drawing of an Egyptian relief) Approximate historical map of the spread of the chariot, 2000 –500 BC. A chariot is a two-wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle. ...

The special characteristic of this vehicle is, "What ever may be the number of people sitting in it, always there will be one more seat vacant i.e., If N people sit, There will be (N+1) seats". It was basically a vehicle that could soar the skies for long distances. It shows that even in ancient times, people were curious about flight and might have tried to design flying vehicles.

Pushpaka was originally made by Maya for Kubera, the God of wealth, but was later stolen, along with Lanka, by his half-brother, the demon king Ravana. In Hindu mythology, Maya, or Mayasura was a great ancient king of the Asura, Daitya and Rakshasa races upon earth. ... Kubera (also Kuvera or Kuber) is the god of wealth and the lord of Uttaradisha in Hindu mythology. ... Lanka is the name given in Hindu mythology to the island fortress capital of the evil king Ravana in the epic Ramayana. ... A half-brother is a male sibling with one shared parent. ... A depiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hinduism, Ravana (Devanagari: रावण, IAST ; sometimes transliterated Raavana and as Ravan) is the principal antagonist of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ...

In the Mahabharata

The core epic of the Mahabharata mentions no vimanas, but vimanas often occur in the large amount of matter which was added to the Mahabharata corpus later. One example is that the Asura Maya had a Vimana measuring twelve cubits in circumference, with four strong wheels. Mahabharat redirects here. ... // In Hinduism In Hindu mythology, the Asura (Sanskrit: असुर) are a group of power-seeking deities, sometimes misleadingly referred to as demons. ... // Maya may refer to: The Maya, Native American peoples of southern Mexico and northern Central America Maya peoples, the contemporary indigenous peoples Maya civilization, their historical pre-Columbian civilization Mayan languages, the family of languages spoken by the Maya Yucatec Maya language, specific and most widespread Mayan language, frequently referred... Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples. ...

The Mahabharata is a veritable gold mine of information relating to conflicts between gods who are said to have settled their differences apparently using weapons as lethal as those we have now. Apart from 'blazing missiles', the poem records the use of other deadly weapons. 'Indra's Dart' (Indravajrā) operated via a circular 'reflector'. When switched on, it produced a 'shaft of light' which, when focused on any target, immediately 'consumed it with its power'. Exocet missile in flight A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a projectile propelled as a weapon at a target. ... Indra (Sanskrit: इन्द्र or इंद्र, indra) is the god of weather and war, and lord of Svargaloka in Hinduism. ...

In one exchange, the hero, Krishna, is pursuing his enemy, Salva, in the sky, when Salva's Vimana, the Saubha, is made invisible in some way. Undeterred, Krishna immediately fires off a special weapon: "I quickly laid on an arrow, which killed by seeking out sound". Many other terrible weapons are described, quite matter-of-factly, in the Mahabharata, but the most fearsome of all is the one used against the Vrishis. The narrative records: Krishna with Radharani, 18th C Rajasthani painting Krishna (कृष्ण in Devanagari, in IAST ), according to various Hindu traditions, is the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... Japanese arrow (ya) and head // Weapon An arrow is a pointed projectile that is shot with a bow. ... Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a longitudinal wave. ...

"Gurkha flying in his swift and powerful Vimana hurled against the three cities of the Vrishis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousands suns, rose in all its splendour. It was the unknown weapon, the Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and Andhakas."

It is important to note, that these kinds of records are not isolated. They can be cross-correlated with similar reports in other ancient civilizations. The after-affects of this Iron Thunderbolt have an ominously recognizable ring. Apparently, those killed by it were said to be so burnt that their corpses were unidentifiable. The survivors fared little better, as it caused their hair and nails to fall out. In Hinduism, Andhaka often refers to a malevolent demon. ...

Perhaps the most disturbing and challenging, information about these allegedly mythical Vimanas in the ancient records is that there are some matter-of-fact records, describing how to build one. In their way, the instructions are quite precise.

The Mahabharata also tells of the awesome destructiveness of the war: "...(the weapon was) a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and flame as bright as the thousand suns rose in all its splendour... An iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death, which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas.... the corpses were so burned as to be unrecognizable. The hair and nails fell out; pottery broke without apparent cause, and the birds turned white.... after a few hours all foodstuffs were infected.... to escape from this fire, the soldiers threw themselves in streams to wash themselves and their equipment..." Some say that the Mahabharata is describing an atomic war. References like this one are not isolated; but battles, using a fantastic array of weapons and aerial vehicles are common in all the epic Indian books. One even describes a Vimana-Vailix battle on the Moon! The above section very accurately describes what an atomic explosion would look like and the effects of the radioactivity on the population. Jumping into water is the only respite. Vrishni (वृषणि) was a descendent of Yadu in Yadav vansh. ... In Hinduism, Andhaka often refers to a malevolent demon. ...

In the Samarangana Sutradhara

In the Sanskrit Samarangana Sutradhara, it is written:

"Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of the machines human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth."

General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Atomic mass 200. ...

In Mesopotamian sources

The Hakatha (Laws of the Babylonians) states quite unambiguously: Babylonia was an ancient state in Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad. ...

"The privilege of operating a flying machine is great. The knowledge of flight is among the most ancient of our inheritances. A gift from 'those from upon high'. We received it from them as a means of saving many lives."

More fantastic still is the information given in the ancient Chaldean work, The Sifrala, which contains over one hundred pages of technical details on building a flying machine. It contains words which translate as graphite rod, copper coils, crystal indicator, vibrating spheres, stable angles, etc. Look up Chaldean in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Claims as to archaeology

Some say that when the Rishi City of Mohenjodaro was excavated by archaeologists in the last century, they found skeletons just lying in the streets, some of them holding hands, as if some great doom had suddenly overtaken them. These skeletons are among the most radioactive ever found, on a par with those found at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

However, a Google image search by User:Robsahl found several archeological websites about the skeletons at Mohenjo Daro: one site states that the skeletons were just in one room, and that the skeletons were thought to be victims of a massacre; the Mohenjo Daro photo pages show this large city extensively, and there are no skeletons 'all over' as David Hatcher Childress's book implies. http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:ofAWpcCkK7MJ:www.mohenjodaro.net/courtyard52.html+Mohenjo+Daro+massacre&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ca Google, Inc. ... Structure dubbed the great bath in the excavated Mohenjo-daro ruins. ... The word massacre has a number of meanings, but most commonly refers to individual events of deliberate and direct mass killing, especially of noncombatant civilians or other innocents, that would often qualify as war crimes or atrocities. ...

Ancient cities whose brick and stonewalls have been vitrified, that is, fused together, can be found in India, Ireland, Scotland, France, Turkey and other places. Some say that there is no logical explanation for the vitrification of stone forts and cities, except from an atomic blast; but others say that vitrified forts arose by an enemy setting fire to a fortification composed of a mixture of big timbers and stones. Vitrified fort is the name given to certain rude stone enclosures whose walls have been subjected in a greater or less degree to the action of fire. ...

http://www.light1998.com/Vimanas/Vimanas.htm claims that: At Mohenjo-Daro, a well planned city laid on a grid, with a plumbing system superior to those used in Pakistan and India today, the streets were littered with "black lumps of glass." These globs of glass were discovered to be clay pots that had melted under intense heat! With the cataclysmic sinking of Atlantis and the wiping out of Rama with atomic weapons, the world collapsed into a "stone age" of sorts, and modern history picks up a few thousand years later. Yet, it would seem that not all the Vimanas and Vailixi of Rama and Atlantis were gone. Built to last for thousands of years, many of them would still be in use, as evidenced by Ashoka's "Nine Unknown Men" and the Lhasa manuscript. Mohenjo-daro (literally, mound of the dead), like Harappa, was a city of the Indus Valley civilization. ...

Vimanas in popular culture

Vimanas have appeared in books, films, internet and games including:

• Grant Morrison's Vimanarama features vimanas.
• Vimana is an arcade game from Toaplan
• http://ufo.egrd.net: Interesting information on the contemporary scientific potential if there is any.
• Interstellar propulsion system called "Vimana Drive" is used in the space exploration game Noctis

Grant Morrison in 2006. ... Philip Bonds cover for the Vimanarama graphic novel Vimanarama is a three-issue comic book mini-series written by Grant Morrison with art by Philip Bond and published by the Vertigo imprint of DC Comics. ... Centipede by Atari is a typical example of a 1980s era arcade game. ... Toaplan was a video game developer from Japan. ... Noctis is a freeware space flight simulator created by Alessandro Ghignola. ...

References

The Yantra Sarvaswa of Maharshi Bharadwaja, Vimaana Chandrika of Maharshi Narayan, Vyoma Yaana Tantra of Sounaka, and Vyoma Yaanarka of Dandi Natha are some of them. They contained topics like Maargadhi Karana (Navigation and control of speed during flight), Lohaadhi Karana (alloys used for various components of the aircraft) and Saktyaadhi Karana (production and usage of various fuels used in aircrafts). Para Sabda Grahakata is a subject of monitoring the flight tracks of aircrafts, navigatory communication system, and monitoring the conversation of the pilots in the aircrafts. Maharshi Gouthama mentioned 32 models of aircrafts used in Treta Yuga; only one model among them, called Pushpaka Vimaanam, became popular in the Ramayana. The Vaimaanika Sastra describes Tripura Vimaanam that uses solar powered engine to travel at three levels - on the land, under the surface of water, and in the air. Sakuna Vimaanam is a cross between an aircraft and a rocket - a space shuttle.

A symposium on "Science and Technology in ancient India" was organised in December 1990 at B.M. Birla Science Center at Hyderabad, A.P., India. Many topics of ancient Indian aeronautics were discussed. The Vaimanika Prakaranam in Vimana Vignana deals with instruments like Guha Garbha Darsha Yantra which can locate objects hidden underground from an aircraft. A semiconductor ferrite named Chumbaka radiates microwave signals and detects hidden objects.

The B.M. Birla Scienc Center has been doing active research in finding scientific content in Vedas and Puranas. The Center has deciphered a number of new materials from Amsu Bodhini. These materials comprise of glasses with special effects and metallic alloys with rare combinations - many of them have extraordinary properties unknown to modern technology. Unlike the modern methods which use 'inert' materials, these materials required 'live' ingradients like herbs, tree barks, tree gums in addition to mineral ores. The sastras had integrated the knowledge of many conventional disciplines like chemistry, materials science, metallurgy and Ayurveda. These materials were widely used in the manufacture of aircrafts in ancient India. Some of them can be used in low cost solar energy generation systems needed for India.

Dr.Roberto Pinotti, an Italian scientist, presented a paper on 'Aeronautics in ancient India' in the World Space Conference conducted at Bangalore. He told the conference delegates that those aircrafts were similar to modern jet-propelled aeroplanes. He agreed that they represent the most complex and sophisticated designs. Some of them used radars and imaging technology instrumentation.

(1) 'Ancient Indian Aircraft Technology'in The Anti-Gravity Handbook (Lost Science), D. Hatcher Childress (2) Vimana Aircraft of Ancient India and Atlantis (Lost Science Series), David Hatcher Childress, Ivan T. Sanderson, January 1992. (3) Vedic Physics: Scientific Origin of Hinduism, Raja Ram Mohan Roy (4)The Secret Teachings of the Vedas, Stephen Knapp

Links: http://www.atlantisquest.com/Vimana.html http://www.stephen-knapp.com http://www.enigmas.org/ http://www.catchpenny.org/birdplan.html http://www.catchpenny.org/model.html

Other meanings

• In most modern Indian languages, the word vimāna or vimān means ordinary real aircraft. In Tamil it can mean an ordinary car.
  • (Other modern Indian words for "aircraft" are vāyuyāna (Sanskrit for "vehicle of air") and havāī jahāz (Persian for "air ship").)
• The distinctive pyramidical roof-towers of south Indian temples are called "Vimanams"
• The Buddhist book Vimānavatthu (Pali for "Vimāna Stories") uses the word "vimāna" to mean "a small piece of text used as the inspiration for a Buddhist sermon".
• "Biman" is the same word in the Bengali language and is Bengali for "airplane", and is the national airline of Bangladesh.
• The adytum of a Rama Temple.
• Vimanapura is a suburb of Bangalore in India. The very busy Airport Road, Bangalore goes through it.
• Vímana (with an acute accent on the 'i') was a seminal (but unsuccessful) Brazilian progressive rock band of the seventies, most of whose members pursued successful solo careers later: drummer Lobão, English-born bassist/vocalist Ritchie and guitarist/vocalist Lulu Santos. They had a very promising start, even collaborating with Patrick Moraz for a time, but they disbanded in 1978 without ever signing with a label.

Tamil (Thamizh) is a classical language of the Dravidian language family. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The Sikhara of the Raghunath Temple at Jammu, India is built in the Nagar style of temple architecture. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... The Vimanavatthu is a Buddhist text; it is the sixth book of the Khuddaka Nikaya. ... Pāli is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ... Biman Bangladesh Airlines (Bangla:বিমান বাংলাদেশ ) is an airline based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ... Bengali or Bangla (বাংলা, IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit. ... Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as aeroplanes in Commonwealth English (excluding Canada) or airplanes in North American English. ... Adytum is a Latinized form of aduton(Gr. ... RAMA is a first-person adventure game developed and published by Sierra Entertainment in 1996. ... Vimanapura is a suburb of Bangalore in India. ... Bangalore (proposed to be renamed Bengalooru or Bengaluru) (Kannada: ; pronunciation: in Kannada and in English) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Airport Road is a major road in Bangalore. ... For the Swedish political music movement, see progg. ... A drummer at practice A drummer is a musician who plays the drums, particularly the drum kit, marching percussion, or hand drums. ... Lobão, born João Luiz Woerdenbag Filho (Rio de Janeiro, October 11, 1957) is a brazilian rock and MPB singer. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... A bassist is a musician who plays a double bass or electric bass (also referred to as bass guitar). ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... A guitarist is a musician who plays the guitar. ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... Lulu Santos, stage name of Luiz Maurício Pragana dos Santos (Rio de Janeiro, May 4, 1953) is a Brazilian singer and guitarist, considered one of the great names of Brazilian rock. ... Patrick Moraz Patrick Moraz (born June 24, 1948 in Morges, Switzerland) is a progressive rock keyboard player. ...

External links

• The Concept of Aeroplanes and the Ancient Vedic Science Behind it
• WorldMysteries.com - Ancient Indian Aircraft Technology
• A Tribute To Hinduism - Vimānas
• http://www.light1998.com/Vimanas/Vimanas.htm
• Vymanika Shastra
• Flying Machines of Ancient India (Be advised: this site believes in psychic phenomenon, UFO abduction, etc.)
• http://ufo.whipnet.org/creation/ancient.aircraft/vimanas.html
• http://ufo.whipnet.org/creation/ancient.aircraft/india.html

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