NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Vladimir Kramnik

Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: Влади́мир Бори́сович Кра́мник) (born June 25, 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster and the World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2007. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (711x768, 399 KB) Vladimir Kramnik at the 2005 Corus Chess tournament. ... The Corus chess tournament takes place every year, usually in January, in a small town called Wijk aan Zee, part of the larger Beverwijkin the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tuapse (Russian: , Adyghe: Ð¢IÑƒÐ°Ð¿ÑÑ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shores of the Black Sea. ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Chess Go The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as chess and Go. ... Chess Go The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as chess and Go. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Western board game. ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ...

In October 2000, he beat Garry Kasparov in a sixteen game match played in London, and became the Classical World Chess Champion. In late 2004, Kramnik successfully defended his title against challenger Péter Lékó in a drawn fourteen game match played in Brissago, Switzerland. Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... The Classical World Chess Championship 2000, also known as the Braingames World Chess Championship 2000, was a match for the Classical World Chess Championship between Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... PÃ©ter LÃ©kÃ³ PÃ©ter LÃ©kÃ³ (b. ... The Classical World Chess Championship 2004 was held from September 25, 2004 - October 18, 2004 in Brissago, Switzerland. ... Comune di Brissago (the community of Brissago) is a small town on the banks of Lago Maggiore in the Ticino canton of Switzerland. ...

In October 2006, Kramnik, the Classical World Champion, defeated reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match, the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006. The match was mired with controversy over Topalov's protests about Kramnik's frequent use of the bathroom. Kramnik forfeited Game 5 after refusing to play when the Appeals Committee altered the conditions of the match. The match was tied at 6-6 after 12 regular games and Kramnik won the rapid tie-break 2.5-1.5. As a result Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, holding both the FIDE and Classical titles, since Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993. The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ... Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ... The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 was a chess match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. ... The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 was a chess match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. ...

In September 2007, Kramnik lost his title to Viswanathan Anand at the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007. This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ... Veselin Topalov The FIDE World Chess Championship 2007 will be an eight-player double round-robin tournament. ...

Biography

Vladimir Kramnik was born in the town of Tuapse, on the shores of the Black Sea. It is occasionally asserted that his real name was Sokolov but this is not the case (though it is a family name). His father's birth name was Boris Sokolov, but he took his stepfather's surname when his mother (Vladimir's grandmother) remarried. As a child, Vladimir Kramnik studied in the chess school established by Mikhail Botvinnik. His first notable result in a major tournament was his gold medal win as first reserve for the Russian team in the 1992 Chess Olympiad in Manila. His selection for the team caused some controversy in Russia at the time, as he was only sixteen years old and had not yet been awarded the grandmaster title, but his selection was supported by Garry Kasparov.^[2] He went on to win eight games and one draw with no losses. Tuapse (Russian: , Adyghe: Ð¢IÑƒÐ°Ð¿ÑÑ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shores of the Black Sea. ... For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ...

The following year, Kramnik played in the very strong tournament in Linares. He finished fifth, beating the then world number three, Vassily Ivanchuk, along the way. He followed this up with a string of good results, but had to wait until 1995 for his first major tournament win at normal time controls, when he won the strong Dortmund tournament, finishing it unbeaten. Kramnik continued to produce good results, including winning at Dortmund (outright or tied) for three successive years between 1996 and 1998. He is the second of only four chess players to have reached a rating of 2800 (the first being Kasparov). The annual Linares chess tournament, usually played around the end of February, takes its name from the city of Linares in the JaÃ©n province of Andalusia, Spain, in which it is held. ... Vassily Ivanchuk (Ð’Ð°ÑÐ¸ÌÐ»Ð¸Ð¹ Ð˜Ð²Ð°ÌÐ½Ñ‡ÑƒÐº), born March 18, 1969 in Berejiany, Ukraine, is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster. ... Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. ... Chess Go The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as chess and Go. ...

Playing Style

Garry Kasparov described Kramnik's style as pragmatic and tenacious, in the latter similar to Anatoly Karpov.^[3] He is one of the toughest opponents to defeat, losing only one game over more than one hundred games leading up to his match with Kasparov, including eighty consecutive games without loss.^[4]^[5] Kasparov was unable to defeat Kramnik during their 2000 World Championship match.

World champion

In 1998, Kramnik faced Alexei Shirov in a Candidates match for the right to play Garry Kasparov for the Classical World Chess Championship. Kramnik lost the match -2+0=7. However suitable sponsorship was not found for a Kasparov-Shirov match. In 2000, sponsorship was secured for a Kasparov-Kramnik match instead. The Classical World Chess Championship 2000, also known as the Braingames World Chess Championship 2000, was a match for the Classical World Chess Championship between Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik. ... Alexei Shirov Alexei Shirov (Aleksejs Å irovs, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÌÐ¹ Ð¨Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²) (born July 4, 1972 in Riga, Latvia), is one of the top chess grandmasters in the world today. ... The Candidates Tournament was an annual chess tournament in which various chess players play against each other. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ...

In 2000, Kramnik played a sixteen game match against Garry Kasparov in London, for the Classical Chess World Championship. Kramnik began the match as underdog, but his adoption of the Berlin Defence to Kasparov's Ruy Lopez opening was very effective. With the white pieces, Kramnik pressed Kasparov hard, winning Game Two and overlooking winning continuations in Games Four and Six. Kasparov put up little fight thereafter, agreeing to short draws with the white pieces in Games 9 and 13. Kramnik won the match 8.5 - 6.5 without losing a game (this was only the second time in history that a World Champion had lost a match without winning a single game). This event marked the first time Kasparov had been beaten in a World Championship match. Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Moves 1. ... Moves 1. ...

After London

In October 2002, Kramnik competed in Brains in Bahrain, an eight game match against the chess computer Deep Fritz in Bahrain. Kramnik started well, taking a 3 - 1 lead after four games. However, in game five, Kramnik made what has been described as the worst blunder of his career (a blunder that pales in comparison to his loss against Deep Fritz 10 in 2006), losing a knight in a position which was probably drawn. He quickly resigned. He also resigned game six after making a speculative sacrifice, although subsequent analysis showed that with perfect play, he might have been able to draw from the final position. The last two games were drawn, and the match ended tied at 4 - 4. In October 2002, Vladimir Kramnik and Deep Fritz competed in the eight-game Brains in Bahrain computer chess match, which ended in a draw. ... Deep Fritz is a multi-processor version of the computer chess engine Fritz written by Frans Morsch and Mathias Feist. ... In game theory, perfect play is the behavior or strategy of a player which leads to the best possible outcome for that player, and if there are multiple options with the same outcome perfect play is usually considered the fastest method for getting a good result, or the slowest time...

In February 2004 Kramnik won the Tournament of Linares outright for the first time (he had tied for first with Kasparov in 2000), finishing undefeated with a +2 score, ahead of Garry Kasparov, the world's highest-rated player at the time. The annual Linares chess tournament, usually played around the end of February, takes its name from the city of Linares in the JaÃ©n province of Andalusia, Spain, in which it is held. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ...

2004 title defence

From September 25, 2004, until October 18, 2004, he successfully defended his title as Classical World Chess Champion against challenger Péter Lékó at Brissago, Switzerland. The 14-game match was poised in favor of Lékó right up until Kramnik won the final game, thus forcing a 7 - 7 draw and ensuring that Kramnik remained world champion.^[6] The prize fund was 1 million Swiss francs, which was about USD $770,000 at the time. Because of the drawn result, the prize was split between the two players. The Classical World Chess Championship 2004 was held from September 25, 2004 - October 18, 2004 in Brissago, Switzerland. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... PÃ©ter LÃ©kÃ³ PÃ©ter LÃ©kÃ³ (b. ... Comune di Brissago (the community of Brissago) is a small town on the banks of Lago Maggiore in the Ticino canton of Switzerland. ... ISO 4217 Code CHF User(s) Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Campione dItalia Inflation 1. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ...

Reunification match

When Garry Kasparov broke with FIDE, the federation governing professional chess, to play the 1993 World Championship with Nigel Short, he created a rift in the chess world. In response, FIDE sanctioned a match between Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman for the FIDE World Championship, which Karpov won. Subsequently, the chess world has seen two "champions": the classical lineage dating back to Steinitz and the FIDE endorsed champion. The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 was a chess match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... Nigel Short MBE (born June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is widely regarded as the strongest British chess player of the 20th century. ... Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... Jan Timman Jan Timman (born December 14, 1951) is a famous Dutch chessplayer who had his greatest successes in the 1970s and 1980s. ... Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836, Pragueâ€“August 12, 1900, New York) was a Jewish-Austrian-American chess player and the first official world chess champion. ...

When Kramnik defeated Kasparov and inherited the classical championship, he also inherited its surrounding controversy.

At the next FIDE world championship (FIDE World Chess Championship 2005), Kramnik refused to participate, but indicated his willingness to play a match against the winner to unify the world championship. After the tournament, negotiations began for a reunification match between Kramnik and the new FIDE World Champion — Veselin Topalov of Bulgaria. The FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 took place in San Luis Province in Argentina from September 27 to October 16, 2005. ... Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ...

In April 2006, FIDE announced a reunification match between Kramnik and Topalov — the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006. The match took place in Elista, Kalmykia. After the first four games, Kramnik led 3-1 (out of a maximum of 12). After the fourth game, however, Topalov protested that Kramnik was using the toilet suspiciously frequently, implying that he was somehow receiving outside assistance whilst doing so. Topalov said that he would refuse to shake hands with Kramnik in the remaining games. The Appeals committee decided that the players' toilets be locked and that they be forced to use a shared toilet, accompanied by an assistant arbiter. The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 was a chess match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. ... Elista (Russian: ; Kalmyk: ÐÐ»ÑÑ‚, Elst) is the capital of the Republic of Kalmykia, an autonomous republic of Russia. ... The Republic of Kalmykia (Russian: ; Kalmyk: Ð¥Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ¼Ð³ Ð¢Ð°Ò£Ò»Ñ‡) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ...

Kramnik refused to play the fifth game unless the original conditions agreed for the match were adhered to. As a result, the point was awarded to Topalov, reducing Kramnik's lead to 3-2. Kramnik stated that the appeals committee was biased and demanded that it be replaced. As a condition to continue the match, Kramnik insisted on playing the remaining games under the original conditions of the match contract, which allows use of the bathroom at the players' discretion. A contract is a legally binding exchange of promises or agreement between parties that the law will enforce. ...

The controversy resulted in a heavy volume of correspondence to Chessbase and other publications. The balance of views from fans was in support of Kramnik.^[7] Prominent figures in the chess world, such as John Nunn, Yasser Seirawan, and Bessel Kok also sided with Kramnik.^[8] ^[9] ^[10] The Russian and Bulgarian Chess Federations supported their respective players. ^[11] Kramnik's behavior during the match earned him widespread support in the chess community.

After twelve regular games the match was tied 6-6, although Kramnik continued to dispute the result of the unplayed fifth game until the end of the tournament. On October 13, 2006, the result of the disputed fifth game became moot as Kramnik won the rapid tie-break by a score of 2.5-1.5. is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

2007 championship tournament

When Kramnik won the 2006 unification match, he also won Topalov's berth in the World Chess Championship 2007 tournament as the incumbent FIDE champion. Although the rationale behind his (and Garry Kasparov's) "classical" title is that the title should change hands by challenge match rather than by tournament, Kramnik stated that he would recognize the winner of this tournament as being the world champion.^[12] Viswanathan Anand of India, winner of the World Chess Championship 2007 The World Chess Championship 2007 was held in Mexico City, from September 12, 2007 to September 30, 2007 to decide the world champion in the board game chess. ...

In the tournament, held in September 2007, Kramnik finished in a second-place tie. The tournament, and the world championship, was won by Viswanathan Anand. This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...

A championship match between Anand and Kramnik - the World Chess Championship 2008 - is planned for 2008. This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...

Deep Fritz match

Kramnik played a six-game match against the computer program Deep Fritz in Bonn, Germany from November 25 to December 5, 2006, losing 2-4 to the machine, with 2 losses and 4 draws. He received 500,000 Euros for playing and would have received another 500,000 Euros had he won the match. Deep Fritz version 10 ran on a computer containing two Intel Core 2 Duo CPUs. Kramnik received a copy of the program in mid-October for testing, but the final version included an updated opening book.^[13] Except for limited updates to the opening book, the program was not allowed to be changed during the course of the match. The endgame tablebases used by the program were restricted to 5 pieces^[14] even though a complete 6 piece tablebase is widely available. Deep Fritz is a multi-processor version of the computer chess engine Fritz written by Frans Morsch and Mathias Feist. ... Historic Town Hall of Bonn (view from the market square). ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intels consumer 64-bit dual-core and MCM quad-core CPUs with the x86-64 instruction set, and based on the Intel Core microarchitecture, which derived from the 32-bit dual-core Yonah laptop processor. ... CPU can stand for: in computing: Central processing unit in journalism: Commonwealth Press Union in law enforcement: Crime prevention unit in software: Critical patch update, a type of software patch distributed by Oracle Corporation in Macleans College is often known as Ash Lim. ... Opening books, which discuss chess openings, are by far the most common type of literature on Chess play. ... A typical interface for querying a tablebase. ...

On November 25, the first game ended in a draw at the 47th move.^[15] A number of commentators believe Kramnik missed a win.^[16] Two days later, the second game resulted in a victory for Deep Fritz, when Kramnik made what might be called the "blunder of the century" according to Susan Polgar, when he failed to defend against a threatened mate-in-one.^[17] (see also Deep Fritz v. Vladimir Kramnik blunder). The third, fourth and fifth games in the match ended in draws. In the last game Fritz with the white pieces impressively defeated the World Champion^[18], winning the match. is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Grandmaster Susan Polgar (born April 19, 1969, as Zsuzsanna Zsuzsa PolgÃ¡r (nee Polgar Zsuzsanna)) is a Hungarian-born American chess player. ... In chess, a blunder is a very bad move which is quickly recognised as a very bad move by the player who made it, typically before or after his opponent has made his reply move. ...

There is now speculation that interest in human vs. computer chess competition will plummet as a result of the Bonn match and other recent matches involving Kasparov, Kramnik, Adams, and various chess programs. According to Monty Newborn, for example, "the science is done". ^[19] Hydra is a chess machine, designed by a team with Dr. Christian Chrilly Donninger, Ulf Lorenz, GM Christopher Lutz and Muhammad Nasir Ali. ...

Private life and health

Kramnik has been diagnosed with a rare form of arthritis, called ankylosing spondylitis. It causes him great physical discomfort while playing. In January 2006, Kramnik announced that he would skip the Corus Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee to seek out treatment for his arthritis. ^[20]. He returned from treatment in June 2006, playing in the 37th Chess Olympiad. He scored a +4 result, earning the highest performance rating (2847) of the 1307 participating players. Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. ... The Corus chess tournament takes place every year, usually in January, in a small town called Wijk aan Zee, part of the larger Beverwijkin the province of North Holland in the Netherlands. ... Beverwijk (population: 36,995 in 2004) is a municipality and a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... The 37th Chess Olympiad took place from 20 May to 6 June 2006 in Turin, (Italy). ...

Notable tournament and match records

Advanced Chess (sometimes called cyborg chess or centaur chess) is a relatively new form of chess, first introduced by grandmaster Garry Kasparov, with the objective of a human player and a computer chess program playing as a team against other such pairs. ...

World championship matches and qualifiers

Leonid Grigoryevich Yudasin (born Leningrad, August 8, 1959) is a prominent Jewish grandmaster of chess now living in Israel. ... Gata Kamsky (Tatar:Äžataulla Kamski) (born June 2, 1974) is an American chess grandmaster. ... Boris Gelfand (born 24 June 1968) is a chess grandmaster. ... Alexei Shirov Alexei Shirov (Aleksejs Å irovs, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÌÐ¹ Ð¨Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²) (born July 4, 1972 in Riga, Latvia), is one of the top chess grandmasters in the world today. ... Viktor Korchnoi (Ви́ктор Льво́вич Корчно́й) (born March 23, 1931) is sometimes reckoned to be the strongest chess player never to have been world champion. ... Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ... Michael Adams (born November 17, 1971 in Truro, Cornwall, England) is an International Grandmaster of chess. ... The Classical World Chess Championship 2000, also known as the Braingames World Chess Championship 2000, was a match for the Classical World Chess Championship between Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... The Classical World Chess Championship 2004 was held from September 25, 2004 - October 18, 2004 in Brissago, Switzerland. ... PÃ©ter LÃ©kÃ³ PÃ©ter LÃ©kÃ³ (b. ... The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 was a chess match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ChessBase is the dominant commercial database program for storing and searching records of games of chess. ... Grandmaster Susan Polgar (born April 19, 1969, as Zsuzsanna Zsuzsa PolgÃ¡r (nee Polgar Zsuzsanna)) is a Hungarian-born American chess player. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: World chess champions | Chess grandmasters | Russian chess players | 1975 births | Living people | Chess writers | Russian writers This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Screenshot of ChessGames. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ... This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ... Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ... The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ... The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836, Pragueâ€“August 12, 1900, New York) was a Jewish-Austrian-American chess player and the first official world chess champion. ... Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 â€“ January 11, 1941) was a German World Chess Champion, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ... JosÃ© RaÃºl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 â€“ March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess player in the early to mid-twentieth century. ... Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin or Alechin) (IPA: ; other members of his family pronounce it ; Russian: ; French: Alexandre Alekhine) (October 31 or November 1, 1892 â€“ March 24, 1946) was a Russian-born naturalized French chess grandmaster (officially naturalized in 1927 only three days before the World Champion title), and... Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /Ã¸:wÉ™/) (May 20, 1901 â€“ November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster and Mathematician. ... Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (IPA: ; Russian: ) (August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ... Vasily Vasiliyevich Smyslov (Russian: ) (born March 24, 1921, in Moscow) is a Russian chess grandmaster, and was World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958. ... Mikhail Tal (Latvian: ; Russian: , Mikhail Nekhemievich Tal, IPA: , sometimes transliterated Mihail Tal) (November 9, 1936â€“June 28, 1992) was a Soviet-Latvian chess player, a Grandmaster, and the eighth World Chess Champion. ... Tigran Petrosian (Armenian: ) (June 17, 1929 â€“ August 13, 1984) was a former World Chess Champion. ... Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij) (Russian: ) (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess player and former world champion. ... Robert James Bobby Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a United States-born chess Grandmaster who in 1972 became the only US-born chessplayer to become the official World Chess Champion. ... Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: ) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ... Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ... This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ... Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966, in Leningrad) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former world champion. ... This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ... Ruslan Ponomariov (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) (born October 11, 1983) is a Ukrainian chess player and former FIDE world champion. ... (Rustam Qosimjonov in Uzbek, Ð ÑƒÑÑ‚Ð°Ð¼ ÐšÐ°ÑÑ‹Ð¼Ð´Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² in Russian born December 5, 1979) is a chess grandmaster from Uzbekistan. ... Veselin Topalov (IPA: ; Bulgarian: ) (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster and former FIDE world champion. ... This article is about the Western board game. ... The title Grandmaster is awarded to world-class chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tuapse (Russian: , Adyghe: Ð¢IÑƒÐ°Ð¿ÑÑ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shores of the Black Sea. ...

Contents

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