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Encyclopedia > Walter Burley Griffin
Walter Burley Griffin and his wife Marion Mahony Griffin, in Sydney in 1930
Walter Burley Griffin and his wife Marion Mahony Griffin, in Sydney in 1930

Walter Burley Griffin (November 24, 1876 - February 11, 1937) was an American architect and landscape architect best known for his role in designing Canberra, Australia's capital city. However, he has also been credited with the development of the L-shaped floor plan, the first designing of the carport in housing and the first use of reinforced concrete. Influenced by Chicago's Prairie School, Griffin went on to develop a unique modern style. For much of his career Griffin worked in partnership with his wife Marion Mahony Griffin. In the 28 years of their architectural partnership, the Griffins designed over 350 building, landscape and urban-design projects as well as designing construction materials, interiors, furniture and other household items. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Walterburleygriffin. ... Image File history File links Walterburleygriffin. ... Watercolour from the Canberra Design Artists Studio (Section). ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... An architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... A carport is a structure used to offer limited protection to vehicles, primarily domestic cars from the elements. ... Reinforced concrete at Sainte Jeanne dArc Church (Nice, France): architect Jacques Dror, 1926–1933 Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete in some countries, is concrete in which reinforcement bars (rebars) or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen a material that would otherwise be brittle. ... It has been suggested that Prairie Houses be merged into this article or section. ... Watercolour from the Canberra Design Artists Studio (Section). ...

Contents

Early life

Griffin was born in Maywood, a suburb of Chicago, he was the eldest of the four children of George Walter Griffin, an insurance agent, and Estelle Griffin. His family moved to Oak Park and later to Elmhurst during his childhood. As a boy he had an interest in landscape design and gardening, his parents allowed him to landscape the yard at their new home in Elmhurst. Griffin completed high school at Oak Park High School. He considered studying landscape design but was advised by landscape gardener O. C. Simonds to pursue a more lucrative profession. Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Downtown (Oak Park Avenue) Ernest Hemingway Museum Oak Park, Illinois Lake Theater and shops along Lake Street. ... Incorporated Village in 1982. ... Oak Park and River Forest High School, or OPRF, is a public four-year high school located in Oak Park, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. ... Ossian Cole Simonds (1855-1931), often known as O. C. Simonds, was an American landscape designer. ...


Griffin chose to study architecture and in 1899 Griffin received a bachelor's degree from the architecture program at the University of Illinois. The University of Illinois program was run by Nathan Clifford Ricker, a German-educated architect, whose teaching emphasized the technical aspects of architecture. During his studies he also took courses in horticulture and forestry. A Corner of Main Quad The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, U of I, or simply Illinois), is the oldest and largest campus in the University of Illinois system. ... Nathan Clifford Ricker, D.Arch, (July 24, 1843–March 19, 1924) was a professor and architect known for his work at the University of Illinois. ...


Chicago career

Following the completion of his studies Griffin relocated to Chicago and was employed as a draftsman for two years in the offices of progressive architects Dwight H. Perkins, Robert C. Spencer, Jr., and H. Webster Tomlinson in Steinway Hall. Griffin's employers worked in the distinctive Prairie School style; the school's style is marked by horizontal lines, flat roofs with broad overhanging eaves, solid construction, craftsmanship, and discipline in the use of ornament. Louis Sullivan was highly influential amongst Prairie School and Griffin was a great admirer of his work, and also of his philosophy of architecture which stressed that design should be free of historical precedent. Dwight Heald Perkins (March 26, 1867 - November 2, 1941) was an American architect and planner. ... It has been suggested that Prairie Houses be merged into this article or section. ... Louis Henri Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, called the father of modernism. He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, and was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright. ...


In July 1901 Griffin passed the new Illinois architect licensing examination, which would enable him to enter private practice as an architect. He began to work in Frank Lloyd Wright's famous Oak Park studio. Although he was never made a partner, Griffin oversaw the construction on many of Lloyd Wright's renowned homes including the Willits House in 1902 and the Larkin Administration Building built in 1904. From 1905 he also began to supply landscape plans for Wright’s buildings. Wright allowed Griffin and his other staff to undertake small commissions of their own. The William Emery house, built in Elmhurst in 1903 was such a commission. While working for Wright, Griffin fell in love with Wright's sister, Maginel Wright. He proposed marriage to her, but his affections were not returned. Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was one of the worlds most prominent and influential architects. ... Downtown (Oak Park Avenue) Ernest Hemingway Museum Oak Park, Illinois Lake Theater and shops along Lake Street. ... The Ward W. Willits House is a building designed by famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. ... The Larkin Administration Building in 1906 The Larkin Administration Building was designed in 1904 by Frank Lloyd Wright for the Larkin Soap Company of Buffalo, New York, at 680 Seneca Street. ... Incorporated Village in 1982. ...


Early in 1906 Griffin resigned his position at Wright's studio and established his own practice at Steinway Hall. Griffin and Wright had fallen out over events following Wright's 1905 trip to Japan. While Wright was away for five months, Griffin ran the practice. When Wright returned, he told Griffin that he had overstepped his responsibilities as Griffin had completed several commissions and even substituted his own designs. Wright had borrowed money from Griffin to travel and tried to pay his financial debt to Griffin in Japanese prints. It became clear to Griffin that Wright would not make Griffin a partner in his practice.


Griffin's first independent commission was a landscape design for the State Normal School at Charleston, Illinois, now known as Eastern Illinois University. In the autumn of that year, 1906, he received his first residential commission from Harry Peters. The Peters' House was the first house designed with an L-shaped or open floor plan. The L-shape was an economical design and easily constructed. From 1907, 13 houses in this style were built in the Chicago neighborhood now known as Beverly-Morgan Park. Seven of these houses are on W. 104th Place in Beverly, the street is now known as Walter Burley Griffin Place, and forms a municipal historical district within the national Ridge Historic District, as this block conains the largest collection of small scale Griffin designs in existence. Charleston is the county seat of Coles County, IllinoisGR6. ... Eastern Illinois University is a state university located in Charleston, Illinois. ... Beverly, one of the 77 official community areas, is located on the south side of Chicago, Illinois. ...


In 1911 Griffin married Marion Lucy Mahony. She had been employed in Wright's office and subsequently by architect Hermann Von Holst, who had taken on Wright's commissions when Wright abruptly left for Europe in 1909. Mahony recommended to Von Holst that he hire Griffin to develop a landscape plan for the area surrounding the three houses initially commissioned from Wright in Decatur, Illinois. Mahony and Griffin worked closely on the Decatur project immediately preceding their marriage. After their marriage, Mahony went to work in Griffin's practice.[1] A Walter Burley Griffin/Marion Mahony designed development with several homes, Rock Crest Rock Glen in Mason City, Iowa, is seen as their most dramatic American design development of the decade and remains the largest collection of Prairie Style homes surrounding a natural setting. [2] Watercolour from the Canberra Design Artists Studio (Section). ... The Decatur Transfer House in the background with a newly completed fountain in the foreground. ... Mason City is a city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. ...


From 1899 to 1914, Griffin created more than 130 designs in his Chicago office for buildings, urban plans and landscapes; half of these were built in mid-western states of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin.


The relationship between Griffin and Frank Lloyd Wright cooled in the years following Griffin's departure from Wright's firm in 1906. With Walter and Marion's wedding Wright started to feel they were "against him". After Griffin's win in the Canberra design and resultant front page coverage in the 'New York Times', Wright and Griffin never spoke again. In later years whenever Griffin was brought up in conversation Wright would downplay his achievements and refer to him as a draughtsman. [3]


Mason City, Iowa homes

Canberra

Griffin's plan for Canberra
Griffin's plan for Canberra

In April 1911 the Australian Government held an international competition to produce a design for its new capital city. Griffin produced a design with impressive renderings of the plan produced by his wife. They had only heard about the plan in July, while on honeymoon, and worked feverishly to prepare the plans. On May 23, 1912 Griffin's design was selected as the winner from among 137 entries. The win created significant press coverage at the time and brought him professional and public recognition. Of his plan, he famously remarked Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2953x2920, 1768 KB)Canberra plan submitted to the Canberra design competition by Walter Burley Griffin drawn on the Commonwealth contour map supplied. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2953x2920, 1768 KB)Canberra plan submitted to the Canberra design competition by Walter Burley Griffin drawn on the Commonwealth contour map supplied. ... The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy, a federation, and a parliamentary democracy. ...

I have planned a city that is not like any other in the world. I have planned it not in a way that I expected any government authorities in the world would accept. I have planned an ideal city - a city that meets my ideal of the city of the future.

In 1913 he was invited to Australia to inspect the site. He left Marion in charge of the practice and travelled to Australia in July. His letters home reveal his appreciation for the Australian landscape. While in Australia, Griffin was offered the position of head of the department of architecture at the University of Illinois. At the same time he was negotiating a three-year contract with the Australian Government to remain in Australia and oversee the implementation of his plan, which to his dismay he felt had already been compromised. He was appointed the Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction. In this role, Griffin oversaw the design of North and South Canberra, though he struggled with political and bureaucratic obstacles. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Griffin was under pressure to reduce the scope and scale of his plans due to the Government diverting funds towards the war effort. Several parts of his basic design underwent change. For instance, plans to create a Westbourne, Southbourne and Eastbourne Avenue to complement Canberra's Northbourne Avenue came to nothing, as did a proposed railway that would have gone from South Canberra to North Canberra, and then in a northwesterly direction to Yass. A market area that would have been at Russell Hill in North Canberra was moved southwards to what is now Fyshwick, next to South Canberra. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Northbourne Avenue, a main road in North Canberra, in Canberra, Australia. ... Yass is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Yass Valley Shire. ... Fyshwick locality map Fyshwick (postcode: 2609) is an industrial suburb of Canberra, located east of the South Canberra district. ...

Griffin was the consultant architect for the design and construction of the grave for General Bridges
Griffin was the consultant architect for the design and construction of the grave for General Bridges

The pace of building was slower than expected, partly because of a lack of funds and partly because of a dispute between Griffin and Federal government bureaucrats. During this time many of Griffin's design ideas were attacked by both the architectural profession and the press. In 1917, a Royal Commission determined that they had undermined Griffin's authority by supplying him with false data which he had used to carry out his work. Ultimately, Griffin resigned from the Canberra design project in December 1920 when he discovered that several of these bureaucrats had been appointed to an agency that would oversee Canberra's construction. The Commonwealth Government under the leadership of Prime Minister Hughes had removed Griffin as director of construction at Canberra after disagreements over his supervisory role, and in 1921 created the Federal Capital Advisory Committee, with John Sulman as chair. Griffin was offered membership, but declined and withdrew from further activity in Canberra.[4] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 707 KB) Summary General Bridges Grave, Canberra, Australia Picture taken by AYArktos November 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Walter Burley Griffin William Throsby Bridges Mount Pleasant, Australian Capital Territory Metadata This file contains... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 707 KB) Summary General Bridges Grave, Canberra, Australia Picture taken by AYArktos November 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Walter Burley Griffin William Throsby Bridges Mount Pleasant, Australian Capital Territory Metadata This file contains... Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges (February 18, 1861-May 18, 1915) served with Australian forces during World War I, and was the first Australian to reach the rank of General. ... The Fifth Hughes Ministry was the sixteenth Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 4th February 1920 to 9th February 1923. ... The Federal Capital Advisory Committee was a body of the Australian government which oversaw the the construction of Canberra from 1921 to 1924 following the termination of the contract of architect Walter Burley Griffin. ... Sir John Sulman (August 29, 1849 - August 18, 1934) was an Australian architect. ...


Griffin designed several buildings for Canberra, none of which were ever built. The grave of General Bridges on Mount Pleasant was the only permanent structure designed by Griffin to be built in Canberra. Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges (February 18, 1861-May 18, 1915) served with Australian forces during World War I, and was the first Australian to reach the rank of General. ... Mount Pleasant in Canberra overlooks the Royal Military College at Duntroon. ...


Later career

Mannix Wing walkway at Newman College, University of Melbourne
Mannix Wing walkway at Newman College, University of Melbourne

The Griffins' office in Chicago had closed in 1917; however, they had successful practices in Melbourne and Sydney, which were a strong motivation for them continuing to live in Australia. The Griffins had received commissions for work outside Canberra since Walter first arrived in the country in 1913, designing town plans, subdivisions, and one of his highly regarded buildings, Newman College, the Catholic residential college of the University of Melbourne while employed in Canberra. While supervising activities in Canberra, Griffin spent much time in Melbourne and, in 1918, became a founder, with Royden Powell, of the Henry George Club, an organisation devoted to providing a home for the Single Tax movement.[5] The Griffins' first major commission after leaving Canberra was the Capitol Theatre in Melbourne; it opened on December 7, 1924. In 1964 architectural writer Robin Boyd described the Capitol as "the best cinema that was ever built or is ever likely to be built". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1712, 2247 KB) Summary Description: The walkway of the Manning wing of Newman College, University of Melbourne. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1712, 2247 KB) Summary Description: The walkway of the Manning wing of Newman College, University of Melbourne. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of approximately 4. ... Newman College logo Newman College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational residential college affiliated with the University of Melbourne. ... The University of Melbourne, is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Georgism, named for Henry George (1839-1897), is a philosophy and economic theory that follows from the belief that although everyone owns what they create; land, and everything else supplied by nature, belongs equally to all humanity. ... The Capitol Theatre of Melbourne is a building located on Swanston Street, opposite the Melbourne Town Hall. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ...

The Knitlock construction system designed by Griffin.
The Knitlock construction system designed by Griffin.

In 1916 and 1917 Griffin developed a patented modular concrete construction system known as “Knitlock” for use in the construction of Canberra. No Knitlock buildings were ever built in Canberra, although several were built in Australia. The first were built on Griffin's property in Frankston in 1922, where he constructed two holiday houses called "Gumnuts". The best examples of Knitlock include the S.R. Salter House in Toorak and the Paling House. Frank Lloyd Wright designed a similar system and used Griffin's design to support the arguments for his design. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x1009, 48 KB) Summary Diagram of Walter Burley Griffins knitlock construction method. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x1009, 48 KB) Summary Diagram of Walter Burley Griffins knitlock construction method. ... Frankston is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... Toorak is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ...


In 1919 the Griffins founded the Greater Sydney Development Association (GSDA), and in 1921 purchased 259 ha of land in North Sydney. The GSDA's goal was the development of an idyllic community with a consistent architectural feel and bushland setting. Walter Burley Griffin as managing director of the GSDA designed all the buildings built in the area until 1935. Castlecrag was the first suburb to be developed by the GSDA. The Redding House and several others in Castelcrag were also built in Knitlock. Almost all the houses Griffin designed in Castlecrag were small and had flat roofs, and he included an internal courtyard in many of them. Griffin used what was at that time the novel concept of including native bushland in these designs. See also: North Sydney, Nova Scotia North Sydney is the name of a suburb, local and federal government area, and commercial district on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The Bush (Australian) The Bush (Australian) is Australian English for rural, undeveloped land or country areas, as distinct from the Outback. ... Castlecrag is a suburb of historical significance in Middle Harbour on the North Shore of Sydney, Australia, originally planned by architect Walter Burley Griffin. ...


Other work the Griffins did during this time included the Melbourne subdivisions of Glenard and Mont Eagle at Eaglemont. Prior to 1920 the Griffins also designed the New South Wales towns of Leeton and Griffith. In the 1920s they prepared plans for the Milleara Estate (also known as City View) at Avondale Heights, and the Ranelagh Estate at Mount Eliza, in conjunction with surveyors Tuxen and Miller. During the financial hardship of the Depression in the 1930s Griffin was commissioned to design incinerators; Willoughby Incinerator in the Sydney suburb of Willoughby is a good example of this work. This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Golden Summer, Eaglemont by Arthur Streeton (1889) Eaglemont, formerly known as Mount Eagle, is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... “NSW” redirects here. ... Leeton is a town and Local Government Area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. ... Griffith is a city in south-western New South Wales, Australia. ... Willoughby is a suburb on the lower North Shore of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. ...


During their time at the GSDA the Griffins became more involved in anthroposophy, and in 1935 through contacts in the movement Griffin won a commission to design the library at Lucknow University in India. Griffin left for India in 1935 with his wife following the next year. He encouraged Marion to join him in India, and they operated a practice, and received numerous commissions. His designs of this period are said to have been highly original, and included additional University buildings, a memorial for King George V, houses, palaces and a complex including offices and plant for the Pioneer newspaper. He also designed pavilions for the United Province Exhibition of 1937. While in India, Griffin also published numerous articles for the Pioneer, writing about architecture, in particular about ventilation design improvements. He was still engaged in India when in 1937 he fell from a scaffold and suffered a ruptured gall bladder, dying of peritonitis several days later after an unsuccessful operation. No permanent buildings in India were completed while Griffin was there. Marion oversaw the completion of the Pioneer Building which he had been working on at the time of his death. She closed the Indian office, left the Australian practice in the hands of Griffin's partner, Eric Nicholls, and returned to Chicago. Anthroposophy, also called spiritual science, is a spiritual philosophy based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner,[1] which states that anyone who conscientiously cultivates sense-free thinking can attain experience of and insights into the spiritual world. ... , Lucknow ( , Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. ...


Legacy

Griffin was largely under-appreciated during his time in Australia, but since his death there has been a growing recognition of his work. In 1964 when Canberra finally got its central lake (as Griffin had intended), Prime Minister Robert Menzies declined to have the lake named after himself and it was instead named Lake Burley Griffin and became the first monument in Canberra dedicated to the city's designer ('Burley' was included in the name owing to the misconception that it was part of Griffin's surname). Architectural drawings and other archival materials by and about the Griffins are held by numerous institutions in the United States, including the Drawings and Archives Department of Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University; the Block Gallery at Northwestern University; The Art Institute of Chicago; and the New York Historical Society, as well as in several repositories in Australia, including the National Library of Australia, National Archives of Australia, and the Newman College Archives of the University of Melbourne. Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, FRS, QC (20 December 1894 – 15 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, serving eighteen and a half years. ... Sunset over Lake Burley Griffin, viewed from the Commonwealth Bridge Lake Burley Griffin is a lake in the centre of Canberra, Australias federal capital city. ... The Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library is part of Columbia Universitys library system. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. ... Northwestern University (officially abbreviated NU; sometimes abbreviated NWU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. ... On the western edge of Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois, is the Art Institute of Chicago, one of the premier art museums and schools in the United States, known especially for the extensive collection of impressionist and American art in its museum. ... The New-York Historical Society is an American organization located in New York City and dedicated to the preservation of the citys history. ... National Library of Australia National Library of Australia as viewed from Lake Burley Griffin The National Library of Australia is located in Canberra, Australia. ... The National Archives of Australia building on Queen Victoria Terrace in Canberra, May 2007. ... The University of Melbourne   The University of Melbourne, located in Melbourne, in Victoria, is the second oldest university in Australia (the University of Sydney is the oldest). ...


National Library of Australia

  • Eric Milton Nicholls collection
  • Papers of Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony collected by Eric Nicholls, 1900-1947
  • The Donald Leslie Johnson collection of Walter and Marion Griffin documents, 1901-1988
  • The work of Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin in Melbourne, 1975 a collection of photographs by Wolfgang Sievers of works by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin taken in 1975

In his own words

...."I am what may be termed a naturalist in architecture. I do not believe in any school of architecture. I believe in architecture that is the logical outgrowth of the environment in which the building in mind is to be located".... From The New York Times, Sunday, June 2, 1912 [6]


Major works

United States

Incorporated City in 1872. ... Incorporated Village in 1982. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... Incorporated Village in 1869. ... Edwardsville is a city in Madison County, Illinois, United States. ... Mason City is a city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. ... Mason City is a city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States. ... Anna is a city located in Union County, Illinois. ...

Australia

References

  • Birrell, James. 1964. Walter Burley Griffin. University of Queensland Press
  • Gebhard, David & Gerald Mansheim, Buildings of Iowa, Oxford University Press, New York, 1993
  • Kruty, Paul. 2000. Griffin, Walter Burley. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press
  • MacMahon, Bill (2001). The Architecture of East Australia. Edition Axel Menges. 
  • Mason City Iowa, An Architectural Heritage, Department of Community Development, City of Mason, Iowa, 1977
  • Maldre, Mati and Paul Kruty, Walter Burley Griffin in America, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1996
  • Wilson, Richard Guy and Sidney K. Robinson, The Prairie School in Iowa, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1977
  • Walker, M., Kabos, A. and Weirick, J. (1994) Building for nature : Walter Burley Griffin and Castlecrag, Castlecrag, N.S.W. : Walter Burley Griffin Society (ISBN 646181335)
  • Gebhard, David. “The Suburban House and the Automobile.” The Car and the City: The Automobile, the Built Environment and Daily Urban Life. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991: 106­ 123.

Professor James Weirick is an Australian academic who is currently serving as Director of the Master of Urban Design program at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. ... Castlecrag is a suburb of historical significance in Middle Harbour on the North Shore of Sydney, Australia, designed by architect Walter Burley Griffin. ...

External links

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ...

Online Exhibitions


  Results from FactBites:
 
Walter Burley Griffin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2447 words)
Griffin is best known for his role in designing Canberra, Australia's capital city, however he has also been credited with the development of the L-shaped floor plan, the carport, and the first use of reinforced concrete.
Griffin was born in Maywood, in Chicago, Illinois, he was the eldest of the four children of George Walter Griffin, an insurance agent, and Estelle Griffin.
Griffin's employers worked in the distinctive Prairie School style; the school's style is marked by horizontal lines, flat roofs with broad overhanging eaves, solid construction, craftsmanship, and discipline in the use of ornament.
Lake Burley Griffin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2246 words)
Lake Burley Griffin is a lake in the centre of Canberra, Australia's federal capital city.
It is named after Walter Burley Griffin, the architect who won the design competition for the city of Canberra.
Construction of Lake Burley Griffin was begun in 1960 and progressed well due to drought having greatly reduced the water flow of the Molonglo River.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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