NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Walther Nernst

Nernst was born in Briesen in West Prussia (now Wąbrzeźno in Poland). He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of Zürich, Berlin and Graz. After some work at Leipzig, he founded the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Göttingen. Nernst invented, in 1897, the Nernst lamp, an electric lamp using an incandescent ceramic rod (the successor to the carbon lamp and the precursor to the incandescent lamp). Nernst researched osmotic pressure and electrochemistry. In 1905, he established what he referred to as his "New Heat Theorem", later known as the Third law of thermodynamics (which describes the behavior of matter as temperatures approach absolute zero). WÄ…brzeÅºno (formerly known by its German name Briesen when it was part of Prussia) is a city (14. ... One of four districts of East Prussia in 1920 - 1938. ... WÄ…brzeÅºno (formerly known by its German name Briesen when it was part of Prussia) is a city (14. ... The University of Zurich (in German: UniversitÃ¤t ZÃ¼rich) is the largest university of Switzerland, in the city of Zurich. ... There is no institution called the University of Berlin, but there are four universities in Berlin, Germany: Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin) Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin) Berlin University of the Arts (Universität der Künste Berlin) This is... University of Graz The University of Graz (German, Karl-Franzens-UniversitÃ¤t Graz), a university located in Graz, Austria, is the second-largest university in Austria. ... Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ... GÃ¶ttingen marketplace with old city hall, GÃ¤nseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone GÃ¶ttingen ( ) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... In music, an invention is a short composition with two or three part counterpoint. ... Nernst lamp, complete, model B with cloche, DC-lamp 0. ... For devices such as table lamps and reading lamps, see Light fixture. ... 15 kW Xenon short-arc lamp. ... The incandescent light bulb uses a glowing wire filament heated to white-hot by electrical resistance, to generate light (a process known as thermal radiation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... English chemists John Daniell (left) and Michael Faraday (right), both credited to be founders of electrochemistry as known today. ... The third law of thermodynamics (hereinafter Third Law) states that as a system approaches the zero absolute temperature (hereinafter ZAT), all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. ... This article is about matter in physics and chemistry. ... For other uses, see Absolute Zero (disambiguation). ...

In 1920, he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in recognition of his work in thermochemistry. In 1924, he became director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry at Berlin, a position from which he retired in 1933. Nernst went on to work in electroacoustics and astrophysics. This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to 2006. ... Musique concrète is the name given to a class of electronic music produced from editing together fragments of natural and industrial sounds. ... Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ...

Nernst developed an electric piano, the "Neo-Bechstein-Flügel" in 1930 in association with the Bechstein and Siemens companies, replacing the sounding board with radio amplifiers. The piano used electromagnetic pickups to produce electronically modified and amplified sound in the same way as an electric guitar. An electric grand piano is a particular type of piano manufactured and marketed by Yamaha, Kawai and Helpinstill during the 70s and 80s, although experimental instruments of similar type were made as early as the late 1920s. ... C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik AG (FWB:BEP) (Bechstein) is a German manufacturer of pianos, especially grand pianos. ... Three magnetic pickups on an electric guitar. ... An electric guitar An electric guitar is a type of guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into electrical current, which is then amplified. ...

His Nernst glower, important in the field of infra-red spectroscopy, is a solid-body radiator with a filament of rare-earth oxides. Continuous ohmic heating of the filament results in conduction. The glower operates best in wavelengths from 2 to 14 micrometers. Nernst lamp, complete, model B with cloche, DC-lamp 0. ... Animation of the dispersion of light as it travels through a triangular prism. ...

Nernst died in 1941 and is buried near Max Planck in Göttingen, Germany. â€œPlanckâ€ redirects here. ... GÃ¶ttingen marketplace with old city hall, GÃ¤nseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone GÃ¶ttingen ( ) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...

Publications

Walther Nernst, "Reasoning of theoretical chemistry: Nine papers (1889-1921)" (Ger., Begründung der Theoretischen Chemie : Neun Abhandlungen, 1889-1921). Frankfurt am Main : Verlag Harri Deutsch, c. 2003. ISBN 3-8171-3290-5

Walther Nernst, "The theoretical and experimental bases of the New Heat Theorem" (Ger., Die theoretischen und experimentellen Grundlagen des neuen Wärmesatzes). Halle [Ger.] W. Knapp, 1918 [tr. 1926]. [ed., this is a list of thermodynamical papers from the physico-chemical institute of the University of Berlin (1906-1916); Translation available by Guy Barr (LCCN 27002575)])

Walther Nernst, "Theoretical chemistry from the standpoint of Avogadro's rule and thermodynamics" (Ger., Theoretische Chemie vom Standpunkte der Avogadroschen Regel und der Thermodynamik). Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1893 [5th edition, 1923]. LCCN po 28000417

Further reading

Mendelssohn, Kurt A. G., "The world of Walther Nernst. The rise and fall of German science.". Macmillan, 1973 (biography).

Barkan, Diana Kormos, "Walther Nernst and the Transition to Modern Physical Science". Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Bartel, Hans-Georg and Huebener, Rudolf P. "Walther Nernst. Pioneer of Physics and of Chemistry". World Scientific, 2007.

External links and references

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Walther Hermann Nernst

Katz, Eugenii, "Hermann Walther Nernst". Biographies of Famous Electrochemists and Physicists Contributed to Understanding of Electricity.

"Hermann Walther Nernst, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920 : Prize Presentation". Presentation Speech by Professor Gerard de Geer, President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Schmitt, Ulrich, "Walther Nernst". Physicochemical institute, Göttingen

"Nernst: architect of physical revolution". Physics World, September 1999.

Suhling, Lothar, "Walther Nernst and the ammonia synthesis after Haber and Bosch". ISBN 3-928186-15-9

recognition of his work in thermochemistry

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Nobel Laureates in Chemistry

Jacobus van 't Hoff (1901) · Emil Fischer (1902) · Svante Arrhenius (1903) · William Ramsay (1904) · Adolf von Baeyer (1905) · Henri Moissan (1906) · Eduard Buchner (1907) · Ernest Rutherford (1908) · Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) · Otto Wallach (1910) · Marie Curie (1911) · Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier (1912) · Alfred Werner (1913) · Theodore Richards (1914) · Richard Willstätter (1915) · Fritz Haber (1918) · Walther Nernst (1920) · Frederick Soddy (1921) · Francis Aston (1922) · Fritz Pregl (1923) · Richard Zsigmondy (1925) Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to 2006. ... Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff (August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in chemistry. ... Hermann Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 - July 15, 1919) was a German chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902. ... Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 â€“ October 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. ... Sir William Ramsay (October 2, 1852 â€“ July 23, 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 (along with Lord Rayleigh who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for the discovery of argon). ... Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry . ... Ferdinand Frederick Henri Moissan (September 28, 1852 â€“ February 20, 1907) was a French chemist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. ... Eduard Buchner (May 20, 1860 -- August 12, 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation. ... Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 â€“ 19 October 1937), widely referred to as Lord Rutherford, was a chemist (B.Sc. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (commonly just Wilhelm Ostwald) (September 2, 1853 - April 4, 1932) was a German chemist. ... Otto Wallach (March 27, 1847 at KÃ¶nigsberg - February 26, 1931 at GÃ¶ttingen) was a German Chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1910 for work on alicyclic compounds. ... This article is about the chemist and physicist. ... François Auguste Victor Grignard (born in Cherbourg, 6 May 1871, died in Lyon, 13 December 1935) was a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist. ... Paul Sabatier (November 5, 1854 â€“ August 14, 1941) was a French chemist, born at Carcassonne. ... Alfred Werner (December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a German Nobel prize-winning chemist. ... Theodore William Richards was an American chemist. ... Richard WillstÃ¤tter Richard Martin WillstÃ¤tter (August 13, 1872 â€“ August 3, 1942) was a German chemist whose study of the structure of chlorophyll and other plant pigments won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ... Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 â€“ 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development of synthetic ammonia, important for fertilisers and explosives. ... Frederick Soddy in 1922. ... Francis William Aston (born Harborne, Birmingham, September 1, 1877; died Cambridge, November 20, 1945) was a British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his... Fritz (Friderik) Pregl (September 3, 1869 â€“ December 13, 1930) was a Slovenian physician and chemist. ... Richard Zsigmondy Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (April 1, 1865 in Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria) - September 23, 1929 in GÃ¶ttingen, Germany) was an Austrian-German chemist of Hungarian ancestry who studied colloids. ...

Complete roster · 1901–1925 · 1926–1950 · 1951–1975 · 1976–2000 · 2001–present

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External links and references