NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Welsh English

Welsh English, Anglo-Welsh, or Wenglish (see below) refers to the dialects of English spoken in Wales by Welsh people. The dialects are significantly influenced by Welsh grammar and often include words derived from Welsh. In addition to the distinctive words and grammar, there is a variety of accents found across Wales. A dialect (from the Greek word Î´Î¹Î¬Î»ÎµÎºÏ„Î¿Ï‚, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the country. ... The Welsh are, according to Hastings (1997), an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language, which is a Celtic language. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ... For the topic in theoretical computer science, see Formal grammar Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

John Edwards has written and spoken entertainingly about a specific form of Welsh English—found in the south-east area of Wales—that he calls 'Wenglish'. Some people, generally outside Wales, use the same word to refer to any form of English spoken in Wales.

Pronunciation and peculiarities

The South Wales Valleys are a number of industrialised valleys in South Wales. ... The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages (such as Russian, Spanish, Armenian, and Polish). ... // H-cluster reductions The h-cluster reductions are various consonant reductions that have occurred in the history of English involving consonant clusters beginning with /h/ that have lost the /h/ in certain dialects. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Influence of the Welsh language

As well as borrowing words directly from the Welsh language (e.g. cwtch, bach), Welsh English is influenced by the grammar of Welsh. Placing something at the start of a sentence emphasises it: "furious, she was". Conversely, structures that would indicate emphasis in Standard English, like "He does go there", or "I do do it", might be used in neutral contexts, where no emphasis is intended. This derives from the common use of periphrasis and auxiliary verbs in spoken Welsh. Standard English is a controversial term used to denote a form of written and spoken English that is thought to be normative for educated users. ... Periphrasis, like its Latin counterpart circumlocution, is a figure of speech where the meaning of a word or phrase is indirectly expressed through several or many words. ... In linguistics, an auxiliary (also called helping verb, auxiliary verb, or verbal auxiliary) is a verb functioning to give further semantic or syntactic information about the main or full verb following it. ...

There is also evidence of semantic influence. The Welsh verb dysgu means both "learn" and "teach", and sentences like "He learned me to drive" in place of Standard-English "He taught me to drive" are not uncommon. The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

Regional accents within Wales

South Wales

The sing-song Welsh accent familiar to many English people is generally associated with South Wales. Somewhat reduced South-Wales accents can be heard from actors Richard Burton and Anthony Hopkins, or on recordings of Dylan Thomas. Swansea accents are prominent in the film Twin Town. The popular Welsh actress Catherine Zeta-Jones also has a Swansea accent. The singers Shirley Bassey and Charlotte Church, meanwhile, are from Cardiff. The accent of Newport is also distinctive, quite different from that of nearby Cardiff. Approximate extent of South East Wales. ... Richard Burton CBE (November 10, 1925 â€“ August 5, 1984) was a Welsh actor. ... Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins CBE (IPA: ) (born 31 December 1937) is an Academy Award, Golden Globe and Emmy Award-winning film, stage and television actor. ... Dylan Thomas Dylan Marlais Thomas (October 27, 1914 â€“ November 9, 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer. ... For other places with the same name, see Swansea (disambiguation). ... This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the different concept of physically neighbouring cities. ... Catherine Zeta-Jones (born 25 September 1969) is a Welsh actress. ... Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey, DBE (born January 8, 1937 ) in Cardiff, Wales), is a Welsh singer, perhaps best-known for performing the theme songs to the James Bond films Goldfinger (1964), Diamonds Are Forever (1971), and Moonraker (1979). ... Charlotte Church (born Charlotte Maria Reed on 21 February 1986) is a Welsh pop singer and television presenter who rose to international fame in childhood as a popular classical singer with a precociously mature dramatic operatic voice, in particular in its tonal qualities. ... Cardiff (English: , Welsh: ) is the capital, largest and core city of Wales. ... Newport (Welsh: ) is the third-largest city within Wales (after Cardiff and Swansea), in the United Kingdom. ...

An online survey for the BBC^[1], reported in January 2005, placed the Swansea accent in the bottom ten accents likely to help a career, although "Cardiff folk ranked only a few places higher".

North West Wales

The accents of North Wales are markedly different. In North West Wales the accent is less sing-song, with a more consistently high-pitched voice and differences in vowel quality. The "R" sound is rolled extensively and the dark L is used at the beginning or middle of words, for example in "lose", "bloke", and "valley". The sound IPA: [z] is often pronounced unvoiced (the sound does not exist in Welsh), so "lose" is pronounced the same as "loose". Approximate extent of North Wales North Wales (known in some archaic texts as Northgalis) is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales, bordered to the south by Mid Wales. ... Listen to this article Â· (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-18, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... A dark l is a common way of referring to a velarised alveolar lateral approximant. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...

North East Wales

In North East Wales, the accent can sound like those of Cheshire and Merseyside (the latter most evident in Flintshire). Towns nearer the border or with substantial populations tend to have Scouse-like accents, due to the preference of the urban youth^{[citation needed]}, as well as the high population of families having moved there from the Liverpool area in recent centuries^{[citation needed]}. More 'sing-song' accents are often found in Welsh speakers in the Northeast. Cheshire (or, archaically, the County of Chester)[1] is a county in North West England. ... Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. ... Flintshire (Welsh: ) is a principal area and county in north-east Wales. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Location within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Historic county Merseyside Lancashire Admin HQ Liverpool City Centre Founded 1207 City Status 1880 Government - Type Metropolitan borough, City - Governing body Liverpool City Council Area - Borough & City 43. ... Look up Welsh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Western Wales

In the South of Pembrokeshire, the accent is similar in some respects to Cornish speech patterns^{[citation needed]}. Certain Welsh words such as 'crwt' and 'pwdu' are used, despite the low number of Welsh speakers in the area. Owing to the high number of English migrants to the area, South Pembrokeshire is sometimes claimed to have an almost English accent^{[citation needed]}; however, this is incorrect. Pembrokeshire (Welsh: ) is a county in the southwest of Wales in the United Kingdom. ... Cornwall (pronounced ; Cornish: ) is a county in south-west England, United Kingdom, on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar and Devon. ...

It is worth noting that accents in Wales vary even over relatively short distances. Within Swansea itself there is a striking difference between the West Swansea accent (which sounds relatively English) and the rest of Swansea. The Neath accent is different again. Within Carmarthenshire, there is a noticeable difference between the Carmarthen, Llanelli and Ammanford accents. As in many other areas of Britain, the strength of different south-Walian accents is frequently related to social class, with the pronunciation of more educated speakers often closer to RP. Image:Neatharms. ... Carmarthen (Welsh Caerfyrddin - caer fort + Myrddin Moridunum, Merlin (origin disputed)) is the county town of Carmarthenshire, Wales. ... For the parliamentary constituency of Llanelli, see Llanelli (UK Parliament constituency) For the Llanelli Rural area, see Llanelli Rural Llanelli (English: ), the largest town in the county of Carmarthenshire and West Wales, sits on the Burry estuary on the west Wales coast, approximately 13 miles west of the city of... Ammanford (Welsh: Rhydaman) is the fourth largest town in the county of Carmarthenshire, Wales with a population 5,299 according to the 2001 census. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

Influence outside Wales

While English accents have affected the accents of English in Wales, influence has moved in both directions. In particular, Scouse and Brummie accents have both had extensive Anglo-Welsh input through immigration, although in the former case, the influence of Anglo-Irish is better known. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Brummie (sometimes Brummy) is a colloquial term for the inhabitants, accent and dialect of Birmingham, England, as well as being a general adjective used to denote a connection with the city, locally called Brum. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

References

is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since July 2007 | British English | Languages of the United Kingdom | Welsh culture | Welsh literature This is a list of varieties of the English language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... St Mary-le-Bow The term cockney refers to working-class inhabitants of London, particularly east London, and the slang used by these people. ... East Anglia - the easternmost area of England - was probably home to the first-ever form of language which can be called English. ... English English is a term that has been applied to the English language as spoken in England. ... Estuary English is a name given to the form of English widely spoken in South East England, especially along the river Thames and its estuary. ... Guernsey English is the dialect of English spoken by natives of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, distinguished by the fact that it has considerable influence from DgÃ¨rnÃ©siais, the variety of Norman indigenous to Guernsey. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Mid Ulster English (Ulster Anglo-Irish) is the dialect of most people in Ulster, including those in the two main cities. ... Traditionally, East Midlands English was spoken in those parts of Mercia lying East of Watling Street (the A5 London - Shrewsbury Road). ... West Midlands English is a group of dialects of the English language. ... Northern English is a group of dialects of the English language. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Scottish English is usually taken to mean the standard form of the English language used in Scotland, often termed Scottish Standard English. ... Glasgow patter or Glaswegian is a dialect spoken in and around Glasgow, Scotland. ... Highland English is the variety of Gaelic influenced Scottish English spoken in the Scottish Highlands. ... The West Country dialects and West Country accents are generic terms applied to any of several English dialects and accents used by much of the indigenous population of the southwestern part of England, the area popularly known as the West Country. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Appalachian English is a common name for the Southern Midland dialect of American English. ... Baltimorese, sometimes phonetically written Bawlmerese or Ballimerese, is a dialect of American English which originated among the white blue-collar residents of working class South and Southeast Baltimore. ... The Boston accent is the English dialect not only of the city of Boston, Massachusetts itself but also much of eastern Massachusetts. ... Buffalo English, sometimes colloquially referred to as Buffalonian, is the unique variety of English used in and around Buffalo, New York. ... California English is a dialect of the English language spoken in the U.S. state of California. ... Chicano English is a dialect of American English used by Chicanos (persons of Mexican descent in America). ... Acadiana, the tradtitional Cajun homeland and the stronghold of both the Cajun French and English dialects. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Maine-New Hampshire English refers to the speech patterns found mainly in the northern New England states of New Hampshire and Maine. ... For a small state, New Jersey is dialectally quite diverse, with two regions of the state overlapping with other dialect areas, New York and Philadelphia, and several autochthonous dialects. ... The New York dialect of the English language is spoken by most European Americans who were raised in New York City and much of its metropolitan area including the lower Hudson Valley, western Long Island, and in northeastern New Jersey. ... North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in the United States and Canada. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Inland North Dialect of American English was the standard Midwestern speech that was the basis for General American in the mid-20th Century, though it has been recently modified by the northern cities vowel shift. ... Pacific Northwest English is a dialect of the English language spoken in the Pacific Northwest. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Philadelphia accent is the accent of English spoken in Philadelphia and extending into Philadelphias suburbs in the Delaware Valley and southern New Jersey. ... Pittsburgh English is a popular term for the dialect of American English spoken by many residents of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA and surrounding Western Pennsylvania. ... Southern American English as defined by the monophthongization of to before obstruents (Labov, Ash, and Boberg 2006:126). ... Tidewater Accent is a American English accent. ... Utah English, sometimes humorously referred to as Utahnics, is a dialect of the English language spoken in the U.S. state of Utah. ... Yat refers to a unique dialect of English spoken in New Orleans, Louisiana. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The West/Central Canadian English dialect is one of the largest and the most homogenous dialect areas in North America. ... â€œWest Indianâ€ redirects here. ... Caribbean English is a broad term for the dialects of the English language spoken in the Caribbean, most countries on the Caribbean coast of Central America, and Guyana. ... World map exhibiting a common interpretation of Oceania; other interpretations may vary. ... Australian Aboriginal English (AAE) is a term referring to the various varieties of the English language used by Indigenous Australians. ... Torres Strait English is a dialect of the English language spoken by the Torres Strait Islanders of north Queensland, Australia. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Singlish is an English-based creole language native to Singapore. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Malaysian English. ... Sri Lankan English (SLE) is the English language as spoken in Sri Lanka. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... South African English is a dialect of English spoken in South Africa and in neighbouring countries with a large number of Anglo-Africans living in them, such as Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Look up Appendix:Basic English word list in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... International English is the concept of the English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects, and the movement towards an international standard for the language. ... For the region within the United States, see: Mid-Atlantic States Mid-Atlantic English describes a version of the English language which is neither predominantly American or British in usage. ... Plain English focuses on being a flexible and efficient writing style that readers can understand in one reading. ... Simplified English is a controlled language originally developed for aerospace industry maintenance manuals. ... Special English is a simplified version of the English language used by the United States broadcasting service Voice of America in daily broadcasts. ... Standard English is a controversial term used to denote a form of written and spoken English that is thought to be normative for educated users. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... E-Prime, short for English Prime, is a modification of the English language that prohibits the use of the verb to be in all its forms. ...

Contents

Pronunciation and peculiarities GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");