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For other uses, see White (disambiguation). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... White can mean: Wiktionary has a definition of: White (disambiguation) a color. ...

Whites (singular; white, as in white person or white people), as understood in its sociological context, is a colour-defined form of ethno-racial classification. Though literally implying light-skinned, "White" is a highly fluid social construct that has been used in different ways, at different periods of time, and has included and excluded different peoples in different places under differing definitions.

Most specifically, "white" today refers to a person of European descent and heritage, which are generally associated with Christianity—either as a religion or a part of their cultural background—and are largely considered the population pinnacle of Western Civilization. The term is sometimes used to describe people that are of Middle Eastern and North African descent. World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ... For alternative meanings for The West in the United States, see the U.S. West and American West. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Azores, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa. ...

Regions and countries that are today predominantly white include Europe, Russia, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and Uruguay. World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ...

Synonyms

In the United Kingdom, "white" and "black" are not often used as nouns (e.g. "whites"), as they seem slightly impolite; instead the phrases "white person/people" and "black person/people" are used.

In North America, and to a lesser extent other countries, the term Caucasian is used for "white" people (even though Caucasian properly refers to people from the Caucasus region). Anglo-Saxon is a less commonly used synonym, which generally includes all white Northern-European ancestries, not just English, as the term would seem to suggest. World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is a continent in the northern hemisphere, bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west... The term Caucasian race is used almost exclusively in North America to refer collectively to the people of European, Middle Eastern (Western Asian), South Asia and North African ancestry - a group commonly refered to as Whites, as defined by the American government and census bureau. ... The Caucasus , a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ... English in common usage may refer to: The English language. ...

Historic use of the term

The term white has historically been used in contrast to other racial colour terms, such as black, brown, yellow (Far East Asian or Oriental), and red (Amerindian), etc, all of which tend to be defined with reference to "white". In other words, a "black" or "brown" person is simply defined by having darker skin than a "white" person, and any given "colour" may often apply to unrelated peoples. In the U.S.A, "black" denotes African ancestry and "brown" is usually attributed to non-white Hispanics and South Asians (people of the Indian subcontinent); in Australia, for example, "Black" denotes Aborigines and "Brown" denotes South Asians, Middle Easterners/North Africans, etc. This article is about race as an intraspecies classification. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... Black is a color with several subtle differences in meaning. ... Brown is a color produced by mixing small intensities of red and green, orange and blue, or yellow and purple pigment. ... Far East is an inexact term often used for East Asia and Southeast Asia combined, sometimes including also the easternmost territories of Russia, i. ... The term Asian in a geographical sense simply refers to something or someone from Asia. ... The term the Orient - literally meaning sunrise, east - is traditionally used to refer to Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries. ... Red is a color at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... Hispanic, as used in the United States, is one of several terms used to categorize U.S. immigrants for whose background hail either from Spain, the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America or the original settlers of the traditionally Spanish-held Southwestern United States. ... Map of South Asia South Asia is a subregion of Asia comprising the modern states of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, . It covers about 4,480,000 km², or 10 percent of the continent, and is also known as the Indian subcontinent. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... ...

These terms were in more common usage in the beginning of the 20th century as ethno-historians attempted to trace humanity's history through linguistics, a process that has been largely superseded with the advent of DNA analysis. At the turn of the 20th century, some scholars thought of white people as being the descendants of Indo-Europeans and divided them into two categories: Semitic and Aryan. It is now known that this early categorisation was highly flawed, since Semitic people, although Caucasoid, are not a sub-group of Indo-Europeans; "Aryan" was erroneously applied by European anthropologist to themselves; and South Asians were altogether excluded, despite being a caucasoid people and a sub-group of Indo-Europeans. Most popular and government definitions still do not categorize South Asians as white. Paradoxically, the term "Aryan", highly associated with White nationalism, most correctly applies to South Asians. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Broadly conceived, linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... Genetic fingerprinting, DNA testing and DNA profiling are techniques used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ... Semitic is an adjective referring to the peoples who have traditionally spoken Semitic languages or to things pertaining to them. ... Aryan is an English word derived from the Indian Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms ari-, arya-, ārya-, and/or the extended form aryāna-. The Old Persian (Iranian) ariya- is a cognate as well. ... // White nationalism is a political and social movement to advance the social and economic interests of white or Caucasian people. ...

Although it is most prevalent in casual conversation, the term white is increasingly rare in academic and formal discussions of racial demographics, but it is still often used in discussions of racial attitudes, particularly in the humanities, and in fields such as African American studies (Black studies), critical race theory and whiteness studies. African American studies, or Black studies, is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the history, culture, and politics of African Americans. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Whiteness studies is a controversial field of study which began appearing as early as 1983 (see the works of MarilynFrye). ...

Who is white?

The scope of the term White has changed over time, and varies from place to place. In the United States, the term usually applies to people of ethnic European descent or anyone that looks European with no other discernable non-European racial features. The strictest definition held by white supremacist groups around the world is that anyone of total ancient ethnic indigenous European ancestry is 'white.' (Although few actually insist on a genealogical record, and tend instead to make their judgement on relative skin colour.)

In Haiti, Cuba, and Brazil, lighter skinned mulattos (people of mixed African and European descent) of considerably more European ancestry and appearance are often considered white, while in the United States or Canada, those same people would always be considered "black", and in Europe they would be classed as 'mixed race'—a blanket term for all people with multiple racial heritages (such as golfer Tiger Woods), not just mulattos. British Afro-Caribbean slang includes the terms 'Red' for those with half-black, half-white ancestry, and 'Yellow' for those who are 3/4 white, 1/4 black. (See also: One drop rule) Representation of Mulattos during the Latin American colonial period Mulatto (also Mulato) is a term of Spanish and/or Portuguese origin describing the first generation offspring of a Sub-Saharan African and a European. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest continent and second most populous after Asia. ... World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Tiger Woods giving a driving demonstration aboard the USS George Washington. ... Representation of Mulattos during the Latin American colonial period Mulatto (also Mulato) is a term of Spanish and/or Portuguese origin describing the offspring of African and European ancestry. ... The one-drop theory (or one-drop rule) is the colloquial term for the standard, found throughout the USA, that holds that a person with even one drop of non-white ancestry should be classified as colored, especially for the purposes of laws forbidding inter-racial marriage. ...

Other contemporary difficulties of the term, in the United States for example, is that Anatolian Turks, Arabs, Iranians, caucasoid Jews (Northern/Eastern European Ashkenazim, Iberian Sephardim and Middle Eastern Mizrahim) Jews, may also be seen as non-White by a majority of people, even though some people in these groups may look very similar to Southern Europeans; and in the case of Ashkenazim, to Northern Europeans. The United Kingdom has taken a census of its population every ten years since 1801, with the exception of 1941. ... Census 2001 is the name by which the national census conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 is known. ... National motto (unofficial): Peace in the Homeland, Peace in the World (Turkish: Yurtta Barış, Dünyada Barış) Official language Turkish Capital Ankara Largest city Istanbul 41°1′7″ N 28°57′53″ E Form of Government Republic Founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk President Ahmet Necdet Sezer Prime Minister Recep Tayyip... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Ashkenazi (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי, Standard Hebrew Aškanazi, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAškănāzî) Jews or Ashkenazic Jews, also called Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, Standard Hebrew Aškanazim, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAškănāzîm), are Jews who are descendants of Jews from Germany, Poland, Austria and Eastern Europe. ... In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal: ספרד, Standard Hebrew Səfárad, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄áraḏ / Səp̄āraḏ), or whose ancestors were among the Jews expelled from... This article deals with those Jewish communities indigenous to the Middle East. ... Southern Europe is a region of Europe. ... Ashkenazi (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי, Standard Hebrew Aškanazi, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAškănāzî) Jews or Ashkenazic Jews, also called Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, Standard Hebrew Aškanazim, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAškănāzîm), are Jews who are descendants of Jews from Germany, Poland, Austria and Eastern Europe. ...

In the United States, generally speaking, the biggest dilemma of White inclusion is for caucasoid Americans of Middle Eastern and North African descent: Berbers, Anatolian Turks, Arabs, Iranians, Kurds, Mizrahim, etc. For the purposes of statistics, they are always categorised as white by US government agencies and the U.S. census. This categorisation, however, does not always lead to a sense of inclusion for most of them, as they are often excluded from the general structural concepts of white-American society, and may even experience hostile rejection. Furthermore, while South Asians are also an anthropologically caucasoid people—and recognized as such by the United States Supreme Court—not only are they also excluded from both the popular definition of "white" and the general structural concepts of white-American society, but are excluded as "non-whites" by US government agencies as well, and are instead categorised and tallied up as "Asians", as done in the U.S. census race categorisation. For an example of legal contradictions in United States Supreme Court rulings of "white" vs "caucasian", please see United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind. A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | North Africa ... The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are a predominantly Muslim ethnic group indigenous to the Maghreb, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... National motto (unofficial): Peace in the Homeland, Peace in the World (Turkish: Yurtta Barış, Dünyada Barış) Official language Turkish Capital Ankara Largest city Istanbul 41°1′7″ N 28°57′53″ E Form of Government Republic Founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk President Ahmet Necdet Sezer Prime Minister Recep Tayyip... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب Ê»arab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... This article deals with those Jewish communities indigenous to the Middle East. ... The U.S. Census is mandated by the United States Constitution. ... Map of South Asia South Asia is a subregion of Asia comprising the modern states of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, . It covers about 4,480,000 km², or 10 percent of the continent, and is also known as the Indian subcontinent. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... United States v. ...

By contrast in Europe, Canada, and Australia those same Middle Easterners, North Africans, and South Asians are almost never regarded or categorised as White, neither by society's general understanding of the term nor by government institutions. Instead, they are regarded as racial minorities. This latter understanding of the term in Australia has little to do with White separatist exclusionism, but rather a traditional, and still currently espoused, definition of white which has never encompassed Middle Easterners or North Africans, and which, unlike the definition of "White" in the United States, has not undergone continuous alterations to include an ever growing number of people. (See also: Wog). World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... White separatism is a political movement to obtain sovereignty for and split white people from another people or peoples. ... Look up Wog on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wog is a word with several meanings, one commonly derogatory, the others not. ...

In the American context, where Middle Easterners and North Africans are grouped as white by government agencies, the popular tendency to exclude these Caucasoid groups of North Africa and the Middle East from the white label is based largely on the argument that there is a significant sub-Saharan, black component in much of their populations (due to the presence of black people in North Africa, especially Egypt, throughout history), and on their disparate cultural, religious, linguistic and ancestral origin and heritage. It is undeniable that many Arabs in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, etc) and the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, etc.) have enough black African ancestry or are dark enough—at times being as dark-complexioned as some African Americans—to be considered black by popular US standards. However, at least for the Arabs of the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, etc.), though a good proportion can be as dark as Arabs from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, just as many are lighter-complexioned by comparison, comparable to Southern Europeans, and can be more closely related to Persians–and vice versa–due to both the ancient slave trade and the wars that involved Macedonian, Byzantine, Roman, Holy Roman, Persian and other empires. North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Azores, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa. ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... The Levant or Sham (Arabic root word related to the term Semite) is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in Southwest Asia south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and the north Arabian Desert and Mesopotamia to the east. ... ...

Additionally, the popular definition of white in the United States often excludes all Hispanics, more so those from the Americas (even if of unmixed European descent, or of European phenotype with distant non-European admixture) and at times also questioning the whiteness of those from Spain. Of the countries of Latin America, those that it can be said are composed of an overwhelmingly European population are Argentina and Uruguay. Chile and Costa Rica are also quite "European", and possess mestizo majorities from which it is not uncommon for the European element to predominate heavily over the Amerindian one (See also: Castizo); of those, very few would acknowledge the admixture and would simply identify as white. Countries such as Guatemala, Bolivia, Peru, on the other hand, possess Amerindian majorities, and although they also harbour large mestizo minorities, on average the Amerindian element predominates over the European one. Furthermore, Guyana and Surinam have significant South Asian populations. Also, Haiti and the Dominican Republic are composed mainly of people of African or mixed African descent. Despite these vast racial differences, there is a marked tendency in the US to label all people from South and Central America as Hispanic or Latino, not white, no matter how white or black they might be in appearance. Hispanic, as used in the United States, is one of several terms used to categorize U.S. immigrants for whose background hail either from Spain, the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America or the original settlers of the traditionally Spanish-held Southwestern United States. ... Map of the Americas by Jonghe, c. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço; Canadian French, Métis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the peoples of mixed European and Amerindian racial strain inhabiting the region spanning the Americas, from the Canadian prairies in... Castizo is a Spanish word with a general meaning of genuine. It has other more concrete meanings. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Composite satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia. ... In the United States, Latino refers to non-Anglo-Americans who are living in the United States of America and are of Hispanic background, typically Spanish speaking people. ...

Bestowing the "non-White" label upon ethnic European peoples of Southern European, Eastern European (Slavic) and Ashkenazi (Northern/Eastern European Jewish) descent, is a serious ideological point for many white separatists. This occurs even within countries such as Italy, where northern Italians have been accused of possessing racially motivated separatist sentiments stemming from allegedly irreconcilable differences with Southern Italians. Polls suggest that most Italians see this as a bizarre and confusing attitude and reject any 'racial difference' between the North and South of Italy. Southern Europe is a region of Europe. ... Eastern Europe is, by convention, a region defined geographically as that part of Europe covering the eastern part of the continent. ... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים Standard Hebrew, AÅ¡kanazi,AÅ¡kanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAÅ¡kănāzî, ʾAÅ¡kănāzîm, pronounced sing. ... Southern Italy, often referred to in Italian as the Mezzogiorno (a term first used in 19th century in comparison with French Midi ) encompasses six of the countrys 20 autonomous regions: Basilicata Campania Calabria Molise Puglia Sicily (although Sicily is classified by the official Italian census organization, ISTAT, as Insular...

Quite a few white-supremacist groups in the United States, however, have accepted Southern Europeans and Eastern European Slavic peoples as White. This is demonstrated in the written requirements for membership in white-supremacist organizations such as the National Alliance. The requirement for membership is that an individual be of "wholly European, non-Jewish ancestry." In recent years, some American white-supremacists have formed an alliance with the peoples from the Middle East, North Africa, and Central/West Asia in an attempt to more effectively oppose Jews. While white-supremacists do not consider the latter mentioned people to be white, they do hold a somewhat positive attitude towards them due to the separatist and anti-semitic attitudes also espoused by some of their members. The National Alliance is a white nationalist organization based in the United States. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...

Criticisms of the term

One recent genetic study suggests that approximately 30% of self-identified whites (non-Hispanic) in the U.S. possess some sub-Saharan-African ancestry, due to mixing with the population now called black or African American in the U.S. Among those whites found in the study to have black ancestry, they average an admixture of 2.3% black (of 128 grandparents, 3 are black and 125 are white). The author of the study, Pennsylvania State University molecular biologist Mark Shriver, a self-identified White who had no idea that he had any African ancestry, discovered he was in fact 22% black.[5] Many, however, have argued that the percentage rates are too small in most cases to warrant the abandonment of the umbrella terminology, contending that those Americans who retain some form of miscegenated blood due to interracial couples are more often a rather invisible part of the populace. Indeed, whites who have ancestors which settled in the Western United States during the 19th century may have American Indian and/or African-American ancestors. African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is a state-related land-grant university in Pennsylvania, with over 80,000 students at 24 campuses throughout the state. ... Miscegenation is a pejorative describing sexual/romantic relations, intermarriage, and/or the production of offspring between members of different races (sometimes religion). ... An interracial couple is a romantic couple or marriage in which the partners are of differing races. ... The Western United States, also referred to as the American West or simply The West, traditionally refers to the region constituting the westernmost states of the United States (see geographical terminology section for further discussion of these terms). ...

The broad usage of "white" is sometimes criticized by those who argue that it de-ethnicizes various groups, although the same charge is not leveled at the question of ethnic diversity within blacks. During the era of Jim Crow Laws in the Southern United States, facilities were commonly divided into separate sections for white and "colored" people. These terms were defined by law, with people of northern and western European being labeled white and African-Americans labeled as "colored". The categorization of people of other ethnicities and mixed ancestries varied by state, county, and municipality. This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ... A depiction of T.D. Rices Jim Crow In the United States, the so-called Jim Crow laws were made to enforce racial segregation, and included laws that would prevent African Americans from doing things that a white person could do. ... The Southern United States or the South constitute a distinctive region covering a large portion of the United States. ... Colored and person of color (or people of color in the plural sense) are terms that were commonly used to describe people who do not have white skin or a Caucasian appearance. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans, Black Americans, or blacks are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to West and Central Africa. ...

A more contemporary criticism is that many black people have lived in areas of North Africa associated with Arabs and thus, should be considered white. Mostafa Hefny, an obviously black Egyptian, is among those whose original ancestors are from North Africa and who is classified as white, despite the obviousness of his black identity and his socialization as a black man in America.

Areas of habitation

Countries with a majority of white ethnic Europeans include all the nations of Europe, as well as some of the countries colonized by them through the 15th century to 19th century, such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, asiatic Russia, and oceanic Australia and New Zealand. In these nations, the relatively small indigenous populations were overwhelmed by white colonists from one or more European "mother countries". The distribution of Europeans worldwide may be explained by the traditional argument that Europeans thrive best in temperate climates above about 30° latitude in both hemispheres, but do not fare well in the tropics, except at high elevations. Indeed, Europeans have colonized most of those portions of the north and south temperate zones which had low indigenous-population densities when discovered by European explorers, which excluded East Asia but included virtually all other temperate regions. World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The word indigenous is derived from the latin word indigena, meaning nativ, indigenous, aboriginal, and has several, related meanings: The native people of a place; see the article indigenous people. ... Motherland means a mother country in contrast to its colonies, or the origin of an ethnic minority. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ...

Whites are also nearly unique in that they exhibit a variety of hair and eye colours. In parts of the world north of 50° North latitude, sunlight is low and weak enough that people (and white coloured polar animals for that matter) with blond hair, blue eyes, and pale skin have an advantage over those with darker colouration. Benefits include resistance to rickets, possibly frostbite, and a suggested aesthetic appeal. However, the only major part of the world where such conditions exist is in northern Europe and western Russia. Parts of Alaska and western Canada, and, in the Southern Hemisphere (south of 50° South latitude), a small section of South America including Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands would fit the requirement as well, but they were thinly populated at the time of discovery and are now dominated by the descendants of European settlers. X-ray of the legs in a two-year-old child with rickets Rickets is a disorder of infancy and early childhood of multiple etiologies. ... Frostbite - or Congelatio in medical terminology - is the medical condition where damage is caused to skin and other tissues due to extreme cold. ... Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ... World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... State nickname: The Last Frontier, The Land of the Midnight Sun Other U.S. States Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Governor Frank Murkowski (R) Official languages English Area 1,067,653 mi² / 1,717,854 km² (1st)  - Land 1,481,347 km²  - Water 236,507 km² (13. ... Tierra del Fuego (Spanish: land of Fire) is an archipelago at the southernmost tip of South America. ...

Significant minorities of Whites live in the various Latin American and Caribbean countries, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia. Many of these nations have experienced considerable political conflict between the white minority (descendants of settlers from the former colonial power) and a mixed or non-European unmixed majority. Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... ...

See also

• Caucasoid
• Caucasian race
• Black (people)
• Human skin color
• Race and Intelligence
• Validity of human races

Typical Caucasoid Skull Caucasoid describes the racial classification (or typology) of humans from Western Eurasia and North Africa and from South Asia. ... The term Caucasian race is used almost exclusively in North America to refer collectively to the people of European, Middle Eastern (Western Asian), South Asia and North African ancestry - a group commonly refered to as Whites, as defined by the American government and census bureau. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Historical data for native populations collected by R. Biasutti prior to 1940. ... Studies comparing races and ethnic groups with IQ among U.S. test subjects show differences in average test scores, though the distributions overlap, as seen in this graph based on Reynolds et al. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Further reading

• Where did white people come from?