William Congreve

Sir William Congreve (May 20, 1772-May 16, 1828), was an English inventor and rocket pioneer. Download high resolution version (1000x1176, 79 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1176, 79 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... Catherine IIs soldiers in the Russo-Turkish War, by Alexandre Benois. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi   - Water (%) Population... An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ... A Redstone rocket, part of the Mercury program The traditional definition of a rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving fluid from within a rocket engine. ...

Biography

Born and raised in Kent, William Congreve was educated in law at Trinity College, Cambridge. Kent is a county in England, south-east of London. ... Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kings Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street...

After the use of gunpowder rockets by Indians against British troops during the later Mysore Wars against Tipu Sultan, he was inspired to work on similar devices for use by the British military. By 1805 he considered his work sufficiently advanced to engage in two Royal Navy-run attacks on the French fleet at Boulogne, France, one that year and one the next. Parliament authorized Congreve to form two rocket companies for the army in 1809. Congreve subsequently commanded one of these at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. Smokeless powder Gunpowder, whether black powder or smokeless powder, is a substance that burns very rapidly, releasing gases that act as a propellant in firearms. ... The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of eighteenth-century wars fought in India between the Kingdom of Mysore (then a French ally) and the British East-India Company, represented chiefly by the Madras Presidency. ... A potrait of Tipu Sultan by Edward Orme (1774 -1822). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the British armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ... Boulogne-sur-Mer is a city and commune in northern France, in the Pas-de-Calais département of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants France, Poland, Saxony and other states of Confederation of the Rhine Russia, Austrian Empire, Prussia, Sweden Commanders Napoleon I of France, prince Jozef Antoni Poniatowski, King Frederick Augustus of Saxony Karl Philipp, prince of Schwarzenberg Gebhard von Blücher Crown Prince Charles of Sweden Strength 191,000 330,000... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Congreve rockets were used for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars, as well as the War of 1812 -- the "rockets' red glare" in the American national anthem describes their firing at Fort McHenry during the latter conflict. They remained in the arsenal of the United Kingdom until the 1850s. Congreve was awarded the honorary rank of Lieutenant colonel in 1811 and was often referred to as "Colonel Congreve." Congreve rocket from Congreves original work The Congreve Rocket was a British weapon designed by William Congreve in 1804. ... Combatants Allies: • Great Britain/United Kingdom, • Prussia, • Austria, • Sweden, • Russia, • and Others • France • Denmark-Norway • Poland Casualties Full list The Napoleonic Wars consisted of a series of wars fought during Napoleon Bonapartes rule over France. ... Combatants United States Native Americans United Kingdom Canadian colonial forces Native Americans Native Canadians Commanders James Madison Winfield Scott George Prevost Tecumseh† Strength •U.S. Regular Army: 35,800 •Rangers: 3,049 •Militia: 458,463* •US Navy & US Marines: (at start of war): •Commissioned vessels: 22 •Indigenous peoples: ? •British & Provincial... Nicholson took the copy Key gave him to a printer, where it was published as a broadside on 17 September 1814 under the title Defence of Fort McHenry, with a note explaining the circumstances of its writing. ... Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland, is a star fort best known for its role in the War of 1812, when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy in Chesapeake Bay. ... In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ... Joyce Rollins is a lesbian. ...

Besides his rockets, Congreve was a prolific (if indifferently successful) inventor for the remainder of his life. Congreve invented a gun-recoil mounting, a time-fuze, a rocket parachute attachment, a hydropneumatic canal lock and sluice (1813), a perpetual motion machine, a process of colour printing (1821) which was widely used in Germany, a new form of steam engine, and a method of consuming smoke (which was applied at the Royal Laboratory). He also took out patents for a clock in which time was measured by a ball rolling on an inclined plane; for protecting buildings against fire; inlaying and combining metals; unforgeable bank note paper; a method of killing whales by means of rockets; improvements in the manufacture of gunpowder; stereotype plates; fireworks; and gas meters. Congreve was named as comptroller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich from 1814 until his death. (Congreve's father had also held the same post.) An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ... 155 mm M198 howitzer USS Iowa (BB-61) fires a full broadside of nine 16/50 and six 5/38 guns during a target exercise near Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, 1 July 1984. ... An early naval cannon design, allowing the gun to roll backwards a small distance when firing The recoil when firing a gun is the backward momentum of a gun, which is equal to the forward momentum of the bullet or shell, due to conservation of momentum. ... Look up Mount in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A pocket watch, a device used to measure time. ... In an explosive device, a fuse (or fuze) is the part of the device that causes it to function. ... The Apollo 15 capsule landed safely despite a parachute failure. ... Hydropneumatic is the name given to a suspension system invented by Citroën and fitted to Citroën cars, as well as being adapted by other car manufacturers, notably Rolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz and Peugeot. ... Canal locks in England. ... A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article or section should include material from Parallel Path See also Perpetuum mobile as a musical term Perpetual motion machines (the Latin term perpetuum mobile is not uncommon) are a class of hypothetical machines which would produce useful energy in a way science cannot explain (yet). ... Color printing is the reproduction of an image or text in color (as opposed to simpler black and white or monochrome printing). ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A steam engine is an external combustion heat engine that makes use of the thermal energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work. ... Smoke from a wildfire Smoke is a suspension in air (aerosol) of small particles resulting from incomplete combustion of a fuel. ... A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and... An analog wall clock A clock (from the Latin cloca, bell) is an instrument for measuring time and for measuring time intervals of less than a day—as opposed to a calendar. ... computed tomography of a soccer ball (Video) A ball is a guys testicles. ... Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with full length parallel tracks A funicular, also called funicular railway or inclined railway, inclined plane, or in England a cliff railway, consists of a system of transportation in which cables attach to a tram-like vehicle on rails to move it up and down a... Two intersecting planes in R3 In mathematics, a plane is a fundamental two-dimensional object. ... For other uses, see Building (disambiguation). ... A large bonfire. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ... Piece of A4 paper Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the amalgamation of plant fibres, which are subsequently held together without extra binder, largely by hydrogen bonds and to a small degree by fiber entanglement. ... Whales are the largest species of exclusively aquatic mammals, members of the order Cetacea, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ... Smokeless powder Gunpowder, whether black powder or smokeless powder, is a substance that burns very rapidly, releasing gases that act as a propellant in firearms. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Plate has several meanings: A plate electrode in a vacuum tube. ... Fourth of July fireworks in San Diego, California New Years Day fireworks at Seaport Village, California Preparing firework at Sayn Castle A firework is classified as low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. ... A residential gas meter of the usual diaphragm style A gas meter is used to measure the flow of fuel gases such as natural gas and propane. ...

Congreve's unsuccessful perpetual motion scheme involved an endless band which should raise more water by its capillary action on one side than on the other. He used capillary action of fluids that would disobey the law of never rising above their own level, so to produce a continual ascent and overflow. The device had an inclined plane over pulleys. At the top and bottom, there travels an endless band of sponge, a bed, and, over this, again an endless band of heavy weights jointed together. The whole stands over the surface of still water. The capillary action raises the water, whereas the same thing cannot happen in the part, since the weights squeeze the water out. Hence, it is heavier than the other; but we know that if it were the same weight, there would be equilibrium, if the heavy chain be also uniform. Therefore the extra weight of it will cause the chain to move round in the direction of the arrow, and this will go on, supposedly, continually. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Pulleys on a ship. ... Classes Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae The sponges or poriferans (from the Greek poros pore and ferro to bear) are animals of the phylum Porifera. ... Weight is a term of measurement referring to either an objects mass or to the gravitational force acting on the object. ... Impact of a drop of water. ... A standard definition of mechanical equilibrium is: A system is in mechanical equilibrium when the sum of the forces, and torques, on each particle of the system is zero. ... A uniform is a set of standard clothing worn by members of an organisation whilst participating in that organisations activity. ...

Congreve died in Toulouse, France in 1828. Occitan cross, symbol of Toulouse and of Occitan culture Toulouse (Tolosa in Occitan) is a city in southwest France on the banks of the Garonne River, half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. ...

See also

Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills Image:NapoleonicBattle. ...

External links

• 1911 Encyclopedia, "Sir William Congreve".