The Yeti or Abominable Snowman is an apelike animal cryptid said to inhabit the Himalaya region of Nepal and Tibet. The names Yeti and Meh-Teh are commonly used by the people indigenous to the region,^[1] and are part of their history and mythology. Nepalese have various names for Yeti like "Bonmanche" which means "wild man" or "Kanchanjunga rachyyas" which means "Kanchanjunga's demon." The Yeti, or Abominable Snowman, is a legendary apelike beast in the Himalayas. ... This article is about the television series. ... The Abominable Snowmen is a serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which originally aired in four weekly parts from September 30 to November 4, 1967. ... Image File history File links Yetiscalp. ... The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. ... Khumjung (27°49′N and 86°43′E) is a village in the Khumbu region of Nepal at an altitude of 3514 metres. ... This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. ... Cryptids are creatures presumed extinct, hypothetical species, or creatures known from anecdotal evidence and/or other evidence insufficient to prove their existence with scientific certainty. ... A hominid is any member of the biological family Hominidae (the great apes), including the extinct and extant humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... Cryptids are creatures presumed extinct, hypothetical species, or creatures known from anecdotal evidence and/or other evidence insufficient to prove their existence with scientific certainty. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... For other uses, see Mythology (disambiguation). ... Kangchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world (after Mount Everest and K2) with an altitude of 8,586 metres (28,169 feet). ...

Although the scientific community largely dismisses the Yeti as a fraud supported by legend and weak evidence,^[2] it remains one of the most famous creatures of cryptozoology; the study of unconfirmed animals. The Yeti can be considered a Himalayan parallel to the Sasquatch or man-beast. For other uses, see Legend (disambiguation). ... Cryptozoology (from Greek: κρυπτός, kryptós, hidden; ζῷον, zôon, animal; and λόγος, logos, knowledge or study – zoology) is the search for animals hypothesized to exist, but for which conclusive proof is missing. ... Sasquatch can refer to different topics: A Sasquatch is another name for Bigfoot. ...

Name variations

The name Yeti is derived from the Tibetan je-tiet (Tibetan: གཡའ་དྲེད་; Wylie: g.ya' dred), a compound of the words yeh (Tibetan: གཡའ་; Wylie: g.ya'), meaning "rocky" or "rocky place", and pe-tah (Tibetan: དྲེད་; Wylie: dred), which translates as "bear", the full name being "rock bear".^{[3][4][5][6][7]} This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ...

Pranavananda^[3] states that the words "ti", "te" and "teh" are derived from the spoken word 'tre' (spelled "dred"), Tibetan for bear, with the 'r' so softly pronounced as to be almost inaudible, thus making it "te" or "teh".^[3][7][8]

Other terms used by Himalayan peoples do not translate exactly the same, but refer to legendary and indigenous wildlife: Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ...

• Jo-bran, Kang Admi, Mir ka, Migoi, Dzu-teh, Meh-teh (Tibetan: མི་དྲེད་; Wylie: mi dred) translates as "man-bear"^[5][7][9]
• Dzu-teh - 'dzu' translates as "cattle" and the full meaning translates as "cattle bear" and is the Himalayan Red Bear.^{[4][10][8][11][7]}
• Migoi or Mi-go (Tibetan: མི་རྒོད་; Wylie: mi rgod) (pronounced mey-goo) translates as "Wild Man".^[11][8]
• Mirka - another name for "wild-man", however as local legend has it "anyone who sees one dies or is killed". The latter is taken from a written statement by Frank Smythe's sherpas in 1937.^[12]
• Kang Admi - "Snow Man"^[11]
• Jo-bran - "Man-beast"

Himalayan wildlife attributed to the Yeti sightings include the Chu-Teh, a Langur monkey [1] living at lower altitudes, the Tibetan Blue Bear, the Himalayan Brown Bear and the Dzu-Teh (commonly known as the Himalayan Red Bear).[2] This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... The Dzu-Teh is the Himalayan Red Bear. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language typewriter. ... Frank Smythe was a professional British mountaineer, known for his discovery of the Valley of Flowers in the Himalayas, now in the state of Uttaranchal, India. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Subfamilies Cercopithecinae - 11 genera Colobinae - 9 genera The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini. ... Trinomial name Ursus arctos pruinosus Blyth, 1854 This page is about the Tibetan Blue Bear, for the fictional character, see Blue Bear (Character) The Tibetan Blue Bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) found in the eastern Tibetan plateau. ... Trinomial name Ursus arctos isabellinus The Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear. ... The Dzu-Teh is the Himalayan Red Bear (Ursus isabellinus Horsfield). ... The Dzu-Teh is the Himalayan Red Bear. ...

The term Yeti is often used to describe various reported creatures:

• A large apelike biped (that some suggest could be a Gigantopithecus)
• Human-sized bipedal apes (the Almas and the Chinese wildman)
• Dwarflike creatures (such as the Orang Pendek).

The term is often used to refer to creatures fitting any of the aforementioned descriptions. For example, the fear liath has been dubbed as the "Scottish Yeti". Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus giganteus Gigantopithecus was a genus of ape that existed from as long ago as five million years to as recently as 100 thousand years ago in what today are China, India, and Vietnam, placing Gigantopithecus in the same time frame and geographical location as... A biped is an animal that travels across surfaces supported by two legs. ... The Almas, Mongolian for wild man, is a cryptozoological species of presumed hominid reputed to inhabit the Caucasus and Pamir Mountains of central Asia, and the Altai Mountains of southern Mongolia. ... The Yeren, variously referred to as the Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman, or Yen Hsiung (man bear) is said to be an as yet undiscovered hominid residing in the mountainous regions of Chinas Hubei province. ... The Orang Pendek or Orang Pendak is a cryptid that is supposedly an unclassified species of primate similar to the orangutan that inhabits remote regions of the island of Sumatra. ... Am Fear Liath Mòr (also known as The Big Grey Man of Ben MacDhui or simply the Greyman) is the name of a presence or creature which is said to haunt the summit and passes of Ben MacDhui, the highest peak of the Cairngorms and the second highest peak...

The "Abominable Snowman"

The appellation "Abominable Snowman" was not coined until 1921, the same year Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Howard-Bury led the Royal Geographical Society's "Everest Reconnaissance Expedition"^[13][14] which he chronicled in Mount Everest The Reconnaissance, 1921^[15] In the book, Howard-Bury includes an account of crossing the "Lhakpa-la" at 21,000 feet (6400 m) where he found footprints that he believed "were probably caused by a large 'loping' grey wolf, which in the soft snow formed double tracks rather like a those of a barefooted man". He adds that his Sherpa guides "at once volunteered that the tracks must be that of "The Wild Man of the Snows", to which they gave the name "metoh-kangmi".^[15] "Metoh" translates as "man-bear" and "Kang-mi" translates as "snowman".^{[3][5][16][11]} Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Kenneth Howard-Bury (1881 – 1963) was an English explorer and botanist. ...

A bit of confusion exists between Howard-Bury's recitation of the term "metoh-kangmi"^{[13] [15]} and the term used in H.W. Tilman's book Mount Everest, 1938^[17] where Tilman had used the words "metch" (which may not exist in the Tibetan language)^[18] and "kangmi" when relating the coining of the term "Abominable Snowman".^{[17][5][19][11]} Further evidence of "metch" being a misnomer is provided by Tibetan language authority Professor David Snellgrove from the School of Oriental Studies in London (ca. 1956), who dismissed the word "metch" as impossible to conjoin the consonants "t-c-h" in the Tibetan language."^[18] Documentation suggests that the term "metch-kangmi" is derived from one source (from the year 1921).^[20] It has been suggested that "metch" is simply a misspelling of "metoh". Major Harold William Bill Tilman, CBE, DSO, MC and Bar (14 February 1898–1977) was a mountaineer and explorer, famous for his Himalayan climbs and sailing voyages. ...

Like the legend itself, the origin of the term "Abominable Snowman" is rather colourful. It began when Mr Henry Newman, a longtime contributor to The Statesman in Calcutta (using the pen name "Kim")^[6], interviewed the porters of the "Everest Reconnaissance expedition" upon their return to Darjeeling,^{[21][22][17][23]}. Newman mistranslated the word "metoh" as "filthy" or "dirty", substituting the term "abominable", perhaps out of artistic license. ^[24] As author H.W. Tilman's recounts, "[Newman] wrote long after in a letter to The Times: The whole story seemed such a joyous creation I sent it to one or two newspapers'".^[17] Established in 1875, The Statesman is among the leading daily newspapers of India. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Major Harold William Bill Tilman, CBE, DSO, MC and Bar (14 February 1898–1977) was a mountaineer and explorer, famous for his Himalayan climbs and sailing voyages. ...

Events and studies

19th century

In 1832, the Journal of the Asiatic society of Bengal published trekker B. H. Hodgson's account of the Yeti in northern Nepal. His native guides spotted a tall, bipedal creature covered with long dark hair, which seemed to flee in fear. Hodgson did not see the creature, but concluded it was an orangutan. This article is about the primate. ...

An early record of reported footprints appeared in 1889 in L.A. Waddell's Among the Himalayas. Waddell reported his guide's description of a large apelike creature that left the prints, which Waddell concluded were actually made by a bear. Waddell heard stories of bipedal, apelike creatures, but wrote that of the many witnesses he questioned, none "could ever give ... an authentic case. On the most superficial investigation it always resolved into something that somebody had heard of." [3] A footprint is an impression left by a foot or shoe, for example an indentation in soft ground or snow, or a mark left by mud etc from the sole of the foot. ... L. Austine Waddell traveled extensively in India throughout the 1890s (including Sikkim and areas on the borders of Nepal and Tibet) and wrote about the Tibetan Buddhist religious practices he observed there. ... For other uses, see Bear (disambiguation). ...

Early 20th century

The frequency of reports increased during the early 20th century, when Westerners began making determined attempts to scale the many mountains in the area and occasionally reported seeing odd creatures or strange tracks. For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ...

In 1925, N.A. Tombazi, a photographer and member of the Royal Geographical Society, writes that he saw a creature at about 15,000 ft (4572 m) near Zemu Glacier. Tombazi later wrote that he observed the creature from about 200 or 300 yards (270 m), for about a minute. "Unquestionably, the figure in outline was exactly like a human being, walking upright and stopping occasionally to pull at some dwarf rhododendron bushes. It showed up dark against the snow, and as far as I could make out, wore no clothes." About two hours later, Tombazi and his companions descended the mountain, and saw what they assumed to be the creature's prints, described as "similar in shape to those of a man, but only six to seven inches (178 mm) long by four inches wide... The prints were undoubtedly those of a biped." N.A. Tombazi was a Greek photographer and geologist who on a British Geological Expedition in 1925 apparently sighted a Yeti creature at 15,000 feet in the Himilayas of Tibet. ... A photographer at the Calgary Folk Music Festival Paparazzi at the Tribeca Film Festival A photographer is a person who takes a photograph using a camera. ... The Royal Geographical Society is a British learned society founded in 1830 with the name Geographical Society of London for the advancement of geographical science, under the patronage of King William IV. It absorbed the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa (founded by Sir Joseph... Perito Moreno Glacier Patagonia Argentina Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland Icebergs breaking off glaciers at Cape York, Greenland This article is about the geological formation. ... This article is about the mythical creature. ... Subgenera Azaleastrum Candidastrum Hymenanthes Mumeazalea Pentanthera (Azaleas) Rhododendron Therorhodion Tsutsusi (Azaleas) Vireya Source: RBG, Edinburgh Rhododendron (from the Greek: rhodos, rose, and dendron, tree) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. ... A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ...

The Pangboche Scalp

The Daily Mail Expedition of 1954, on March 19 printed an article which described expedition teams obtaining hair specimens from a scalp found in Pangboche monastery. The hair was analysed by Professor Frederic Wood Jones, F.R.S, D.Sc., (who died on September 29 1954^[25][26]) and an expert in human and comparative anatomy. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper, currently published in a tabloid format. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Frederic Wood Jones (23 January 1879 – 29 September 1954) was a British observational naturalist, embryologist, anatomist and anthropologist. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The research consisted of taking microphotographs of the hairs and comparing them with hairs from known animals such as bears and orangutans. Professor Woods-Jones concluded that the hairs of the Pangboche scalp were not actually from a scalp. He contended that some animals do have a ridge of hair extending from the pate to the back, but no animals have a ridge (as in the Pangboche relic) running from the base of the forehead across the pate and ending at the nape of the neck.

The hairs were black to dark brown in colour in dim light, and fox red in sunlight. None of the hairs had been dyed. During the study, the hairs were bleached, cut into sections and analysed microscopically. Wood-Jones was unable to pinpoint the animal from which the Pangboche hairs were taken. He was, however, convinced that the hairs were not of a bear or anthropoid ape. He suggested that the hairs were not from the head of a coarse-haired hoofed animal, but from its shoulder.^[27]

Late 20th century

Western interest in the Yeti peaked dramatically in the 1950s. While attempting to scale Mount Everest in 1951, Eric Shipton took photographs of a number of large prints in the snow, at about 6,000 m (19,685 ft) above sea level. These photos have been subject to intense scrutiny and debate. Some argue they are the best evidence of Yeti's existence, while others contend the prints to be from a mundane creature, and have been distorted by the melting snow. Eric Shipton (1907 - 1977) was a Himalayan mountaineering legend. ... For other uses, see Photograph (disambiguation). ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Look up mundane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A creature is a created being, as opposed to a creator. ... For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ...

In 1953, Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay reported seeing large footprints while scaling Mount Everest. But Hillary would later discount Yeti reports as unreliable. In his first autobiography Tenzing said that he believed the Yeti was a large ape, and although he had never seen it himself his father had seen one twice, but in his second autobiography he said he had become much more skeptical about its existence.^[28] Sir Edmund Percival Hillary, KG, ONZ, KBE (20 July 1919 â€“ 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer and explorer. ... Tenzing Norgay (May 1914 – 9 May 1986), often referred to as Sherpa Tenzing, was a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer. ... Everest redirects here. ...

During the Daily Mail Snowman Expedition of 1954,^[29] the largest search of its kind, the mountaineering leader John Angelo Jackson, made the first trek from Everest to Kangchenjunga during which he photographed symbolic paintings of the Yeti at Thyangboche Gompa.^[30] Jackson tracked and photographed many footprints in the snow, most of which were identifiable. However, there were many large footprints which could not be identified. The flattened footprint-like indentations were attributed to erosion and subsequent widening of the original footprint by wind and particles. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper, currently published in a tabloid format. ... John Angelo Jackson (March 21, 1921 – July 2, 2005) was a mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. ... Everest redirects here. ... For other uses, see Kangchenjunga (disambiguation). ... Tengboche (or Thyangboche) is a village in the Khumbu region of eastern Nepal. ...

Beginning in 1957, wealthy American oilman Tom Slick funded a few missions to investigate Yeti reports. In 1959, supposed Yeti feces were collected by Slick's expedition; fecal analysis found a parasite which could not be classified. Bernard Heuvelmans wrote, "Since each animal has its own parasites, this indicated that the host animal is equally an unknown animal." ^[31] Petro redirects here. ... Thomas Baker Tom Slick, Jr. ... Horse feces Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animals digestive tract expelled through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. ... A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it. ... Bernard Heuvelmans (October 10, 1916 – August 22, 2001) was a scientist, explorer, researcher, and a writer probably best known as a founder of cryptozoology. ...

In 1959, actor James Stewart, while visiting India, reportedly smuggled remains of a supposed Yeti, the so-called Pangboche Hand, by concealing it in his luggage when he flew from India to London.^[32] Actors in period costume sharing a joke whilst waiting between takes during location filming. ... For other persons named James Stewart, see James Stewart (disambiguation). ... The Pangboche Hand is an artifact stolen from a Buddhist monastery in Pangboche, Nepal. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

In 1960, Sir Edmund Hillary mounted an expedition to collect and analyze physical evidence of the Yeti. He sent a Yeti "scalp" from the Khumjung monastery to the West for testing, whose results indicated the scalp to be manufactured from the skin of the serow, a goat-like Himalayan antelope. But some disagreed with this analysis. Myra Shackley said that the "hairs from the scalp look distinctly monkey-like, and that it contains parasitic mites of a species different from that recovered from the serow."^{[citation needed]} (See: Blue Bear) The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly. ... Khumjung (27°49′N and 86°43′E) is a village in the Khumbu region of Nepal at an altitude of 3514 metres. ... This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. ... Species Nemorhaedus goral Nemorhaedus caudatus Nemorhaedus baileyi Nemorhaedus crispus Nemorhaedus swinhoei Nemorhaedus sumatraensis The genus Nemorhaedus includes six small species of ungulate with a goat-like or antelope-like appearance. ... Professor of Culture Resource Management and Head of the Centre for Tourism and Visitor Management at Nottingham Business School. ... Trinomial name Ursus arctos pruinosus Blyth, 1854 This page is about the Tibetan Blue Bear, for the fictional character, see Blue Bear (Character) The Tibetan Blue Bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) found in the eastern Tibetan plateau. ...

In 1970, British mountaineer Don Whillans claims to have witnessed a creature when scaling Annapurna. While scouting for a campsite, Whillans heard some odd cries which his Sherpa guide attributed to a Yeti's call. That very night, Whillans saw a dark shape moving near his camp. The next day, he observed a few human-like footprints in the snow, and that evening, viewed with binoculars a bipedal, apelike creature for 20 minutes as it apparently searched for food not far from his camp.^{[citation needed]} Nothing was seen again. Don Whillans (18 May 1933 - 4 August 1985) was an English rock-climber and mountaineer. ... Annapurna (Sanskrit, Nepali, Nepal Bhasa: अन्नपूर्ण) is a series of peaks in the Himalaya, a 55-km-long massif whose highest point, Annapurna I, stands at 8,091 m (26,538 ft), making it the 10th-highest summit in the world and one of the 14 eight-thousanders. It is located... Binocular telescopes, or binoculars, (also known as field glasses) are two identical or mirror-symmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point accurately in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. ...

In 1984, famed mountaineer David P. Sheppard of Hoboken, NJ, was near the southern Col of Everest and claims to have been followed by a large, furry man over the course of several days. His sherpas, however, say they saw no such thing. He claims to have taken a photograph, but a later study of it proved inconclusive.

21st century

In early December 2007, American television presenter Josh Gates and his team reported finding a series of footprints in the Everest region of Nepal resembling descriptions of Yeti.^[33] Each of the footprints were measured 33 cm in length - longer than a ruler - with five toes that measured a total of 25 cm across. Casts were made of the prints for further research. The footprints were examined by an expert who believed them to be too physiologically accurate to be fake or man made. The expert also stated that they were very similar to a pair of bigfoot footprints that were found in another area. A television presenter is a British term for a person who introduces or hosts television programmes. ... Everest redirects here. ...

Analysis

In his book Bigfoot: The Yeti and Sasquatch in Myth and Reality,^[2] primatologist John Napier provides firsthand reports and analysis on the subject, and argues that amongst the evidence for the Yeti, "unlike the Sasquatch, there is little uniformity of pattern, and what uniformity there is incriminates the bear." John Russell Napier (1917 – 1987) was a primatologist from the University of London and founder of the Primate Society of Great Britain. ...

In 2003, Japanese mountaineer Makoto Nebuka published the results of his twelve year linguistic study postulating that the word "Yeti" is actually a corruption of the word "meti", a regional dialect term for "bear". As in other traditional cultures, the ethnic Tibetans fear and worship the bear as a supernatural being.^[34] Nebuka's claims were subject to almost immediate criticism, and was accused of linguistic carelessness. Dr Raj Kumar Pandey, who has researched both Yetis and mountain languages, said "it is not enough to blame tales of the mysterious beast of the Himalayas on words that rhyme but mean different things."^[35]

After reviewing eyewitness accounts and physical evidence, many cryptozoologists^[who?] have concluded that Yeti reports are misidentification of mundane creatures. Even well-financed expeditions have turned up no positive evidence of its existence. One well publicized expedition to Bhutan reported that a hair sample had been obtained that, after DNA analysis by Prof. Bryan Sykes, could not be matched to any known animal.^[36] Analysis completed after the media release, however, clearly showed that the samples were from the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) and the Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus).^[37] Cryptozoology (from Greek: κρυπτός, kryptós, hidden; ζῷον, zôon, animal; and λόγος, logos, knowledge or study – zoology) is the search for animals hypothesized to exist, but for which conclusive proof is missing. ... Bryan Sykes is Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. ... Bears are big and have big ass, thats why bears are hot, and thats why cats are not. ... Binomial name Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 The Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) is a species of bear that can reach weights of 130-700 kg (300 to 1500 pounds). ... Binomial name (G. Cuvier, 1823) Thibetanus bear range Synonyms Selenarctos thibetanus The Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus or Selenarctos thibetanus), also known as the Tibetan black bear, the Himalayan black bear, or the moon bear, is a medium sized, sharp-clawed, black-coloured bear with a distinctive white or cream... Binomial name Ursus thibetanus Cuvier, 1823 Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus or Ursus tibetanus), or Tibetan Black Bear, can be found in forest of montainous areas in East Asia, including Taiwan and Japan. ...

In 1997, South Tyrolean mountaineer Reinhold Messner claimed to have a face-to-face encounter with a Yeti. He has since written a book, My Quest for the Yeti, and claims to have actually killed one. According to Messner, the Yeti is actually the endangered Himalayan Brown Bear, Ursus arctos isabellinus, that can walk upright or on all fours.^[38] Reinhold Messner (born September 17, 1944) is an Italian mountaineer and explorer, often cited [1] as the greatest mountain climber of all time, noted for making the first solo ascents of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen and for being the first climber to ascend all fourteen eight-thousanders (peaks over... Trinomial name Ursus arctos isabellinus The Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear. ... Binomial name Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 The Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) is a species of bear that can reach weights of 130-700 kg (300 to 1500 pounds). ... Trinomial name Ursus arctos isabellinus The Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear. ...

Enthusiasts speculate that these reported creatures could be present-day specimens of the extinct giant ape Gigantopithecus, as the only evidence recovered from Gigantopithecus (other than teeth) are jawbone remains indicating a skull atop a vertical spinal column (as in hominines and other bipedal apes such as Oreopithecus). However, while the Yeti is generally described as bipedal, most scientists believe Gigantopithecus to be quadrupedal, and so massive that, unless it evolved specifically as a bipedal ape (like Oreopithecus and the hominids), walking upright would have been even more difficult for the now extinct primate than it is for its extant quadrupedal relative, the orangutan. For other uses, see Extinction (disambiguation). ... This article is about the biological superfamily. ... Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus giganteus Gigantopithecus was a genus of ape that existed from as long ago as five million years to as recently as 100 thousand years ago in what today are China, India, and Vietnam, placing Gigantopithecus in the same time frame and geographical location as... Genera Gorilla Pan (chimpanzees) Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees. ... A biped is an animal that travels across surfaces supported by two legs. ... Oreopithecus bambolii, or swamp ape, is a hominoid, or hominid (there is some controversy among the informed), species whose fossils have been found in Italy (Tuscany and Sardinia) and in East Africa. ... The Zebra is an example of a quadruped. ... This article is about the primate. ...

There is a famous Yeti hoax, known as the snow walker film, created by Fox television network, in an attempt to deceive the public. The footage was created for Paramount's UPN show, Paranormal Borderland, ostensibly by the show's producers. The show ran from March 12 to August 6, 1996. Its origins had nothing to do with Fox Television, although Fox purchased and used the footage in their later program on The World's Greatest Hoaxes. ^[39]

"Mysteries of the Unexplained," published in 1982 by the Reader's Digest, contains the following unattributed quote on page 157: "The Yeti has been sensationalized out of all proportion to reality. To the Sherpas there is nothing mysterious about it; the creature has been part of their lives and recollections for at least 200 years. Himalayan villagers and hunters include it as just another animal when discussing local fauna. If it seems elusive, it is because its habitat lies far from human paths....Its home is in the highest Himalayan forests, deep in almost impenetrable thickets. When it ventures into the snow area...it walks upright...The Sherpas suggest its reason for crossing the snowfields is to seek a saline moss that grows on the rocks of moraines. Ivan Sanderson says it is not moss they seek but lichens, which are rich in food value."

In 1980 a Chinese team found a dozen nests, some in trees and some on the ground, in an area called Fengshuyang in Zhejiang Province. ^[40]

In popular culture

An artist's impression of the Yeti (from Hergé's Tintin in Tibet). Notice the pointed head, based on the Yeti Scalp.

The Yeti has become a cultural icon, appearing in movies, books and video games. The creature is usually depicted as the scary "Abominable Snowman", but is occasionally shown as being misunderstood or used as comic relief. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Georges Prosper Remi (May 22, 1907 – March 3, 1983), better known by the pen name Hergé, was a Belgian comics writer and artist. ... Tintin in Tibet (Tintin au Tibet) is one of The Adventures of Tintin, a series of classic comic-strip albums, written and illustrated by Belgian writer and illustrator Hergé, featuring the young reporter Tintin as the hero. ...

Perhaps the most famous example in American popular culture is from the Christmas classic Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. The Yeti is called the Abominable Snow Monster, or "The Bumble" by other characters in the story. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a popular Christmas story about Santa Claus ninth and lead reindeer who possesses an unusually red colored nose that gives off its own light that is powerful enough to illuminate the teams path through inclement weather. ...

In the popular movie series Star Wars, the creature called the Wampa that captures Luke Skywalker is based on the Yeti in appearance and the habitat it lives in. This article is about the series. ... A wampa in its lair on Hoth Wampas are fictional predators in the Star Wars universe, resembling Yetis or the extinct giant ground sloth. ... Luke Skywalker is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe portrayed by Mark Hamill in the films Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back, and Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi. ...

Hergé used the Yeti as a main character in Tintin in Tibet, as the Yeti actually saves Tintin's friend Chang (see illustration). Georges Prosper Remi (May 22, 1907 – March 3, 1983), better known by the pen name Hergé, was a Belgian comics writer and artist. ... Tintin in Tibet (Tintin au Tibet) is one of The Adventures of Tintin, a series of classic comic-strip albums, written and illustrated by Belgian writer and illustrator Hergé, featuring the young reporter Tintin as the hero. ...

In the video game Destroy All Humans 2, Russian Yeti sightings are revealed to be caused by an Alien species called the Blisk. However, while basically humanoid in shape the Blisk do not resemble the traditional Yeti appearance (the Blisk are reptillian with crab-like characteristics). Destroy All Humans! 2, known as Destroy All Humans! 2: Make War Not Love in Europe is a video game and sequel to Destroy All Humans!. It was released on October 18, 2006 in North America. ...

In the video games Pokémon Diamond and Pokémon Pearl, the Pokemon Abomasnow is based on the Yeti. In the Pokédex, Abomasnow is described as the "Abominable Snowman" of the Pokémon universe. Pokémon Diamond and Pearl are new Pokémon games to be released for the Nintendo DS. Not much is known about them. ... Pokémon Diamond and Pearl are new Pokémon games to be released for the Nintendo DS. Not much is known about them. ... Abomasnow , Yukinooh in original Japanese language versions) is one of the 493 fictional species of Pokémon creatures from the multi-billion-dollar[1] Pokémon media franchise – a collection of video games, anime, manga, books, trading cards and other media, created by Satoshi Tajiri. ... The original Kanto Pokédex The Johto Pokédex The Hoenn Pokédex The Pokédex , lit. ...

In the video game Cabela's Dangerous Hunts 2, the Yeti is the boss animal on the final stage. Cabelas Dangerous Hunts 2 is a video game of the hunting genre released in 2005 by Sand Grain Studios. ...

In the video game Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly, you have to free a Yeti in a monastery.

The Yeti is featured in Expedition Everest at Disney World's Animal Kingdom. The Yeti (in the form of a computer generated shadow and a large robotic creature) attacks a mountain train. In 2007, Animal Kingdom also opened The Yak and Yeti restaurant. The restaurant has a new Asian inspired full serve restaurant in the Anandapur section. There is also be a counter service option available as well as a retail section featuring sushi ware, teapots and chopsticks. Expedition Everest One of the trains ascending the main lift hill A close up of one of the trains on the main drop WDI concept art The exterior of the ride in October 2005 Expedition Everest - Legend of the Forbidden Mountain is an elaborately themed roller coaster at Disneys... See Animal. ...

In the action cartoon Johnny Quest, one of his adventures takes him to a Tibetian monastery where men dressed as Yetis are eventually killed by a real one. Jonny Quest was a science fiction animated series created by Doug Wildey for Hanna-Barbera which had its debut on ABC in 1964. ...

In the song "Friday Afternoon" by Ska band Dabe and His Good Buds, a Yeti named Doug is found in a cave and befriended by the band.

In the animated TV series Tiny Toons Adventures, Buster Bunny travels up the Himmalayas and gets ambushed by the abominable snowman, who is literally a giant snowman with nunchucks. Tiny Toon Adventures is an animated television series created by the Warner Bros. ...

In the graphic novel Books of Doom, young Victor Von Doom is attacked by a Yeti. Unlike most incarnations, this version of the Yeti has a less human wolf-like head. Doctor Doom (Victor von Doom) is a fictional Marvel Comics supervillain created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. ...

In the popular game Ski Free the abominable snowman, or yeti, chases after you at a certain point and eats you (unless you escape). SkiFree is a computer game by created by Chris Pirih, who was working as a programmer at Microsoft. ...

In the Disney/Pixar movie, Monsters, Inc., it is revealed that the Abominable Snowman is a monster banished from the Monster world for reasons not mentioned. In this incarnation, the yeti is quite friendly and dislikes the name "Abominable Snowman" and makes snow cones. Disney may refer to: The Walt Disney Company and its divisions, including Walt Disney Pictures. ... Pixar Animation Studios is an American computer animation studio based in Emeryville, California, United States, and is notable for its eight Academy Awards. ... Monsters, Inc. ...

Yeti are a common monster in the Mountains of the MMORPG MapleStory, and come in a number of varieties. An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ... This article is about the original game for Windows. ...

Yetis appear in Diablo II, Act 1 as a white textured brute in the monastery near the Horadric malus. Diablo II, sequel to the popular game Diablo, is a dark fantasy-themed action role-playing game in a hack and slash or Dungeon Roaming style. ...

In the Scooby-Doo: Where are You episode "That's Snow Ghost", the mystery gang encounter a yeti who turns out to be the lodge clerk.

In the animated film, Chill Out, Scooby-Doo!, the mystery gang travel to the snowy Himalayas and bump into the Abomnible Snowman. Chill Out, Scooby-Doo! is the 11th direct-to-video Scooby-Doo film, produced by Warner Bros. ...

In one episode of The Backyardigans, Pablo the Penguin (playing as the yeti) goes to the Frozen North to search for the igloo and sings a song called Yeti Stomp. Tyrone and Uniqua search for him accompanied by self-proclaimed Frozen North expert Tasha who insists that there's no such thing as a yeti. The Backyardigans is a Canadian 3-D CGI-animated[1] childrens TV series, created by Janice Burgess. ...

In the popular book franchise Goosebumps, R.L. Stine's book "The Abominable Snowman of Pasadena" features a family that finds a frozen Yeti in Alaska and brings it back to the suburbs of southern California. This article is about the book series by R. L. Stine. ... Robert Lawrence Stine (born October 8, 1943), better known as R. L. Stine, is an American writer. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Terry Pratchett's book "Thief of Time" posits an interesting way for the Yeti (as a species) to survive multiple extinctions. This ability is a fairly important plot point of the book. Terence David John Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is a British fantasy and science fiction author, best known for his Discworld series. ...

In the Hindi Bollywood movie, "Ajooba Kudrat Kaa" [1990], there is a story of a girl who befriends a giant Yeti. The movie was directed and produced by Shyam and Tulsi Ramsay, infamous for their horror movies in India. Bollywood (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the informal term popularly used for Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India. ...

In his supernatural horror stories The Whisperer in Darkness and At the Mountains of Madness, author H.P. Lovecraft uses the phrase "Abominable Snow-Men" synonymously with his fictitious Mi-Go, although he describes Mi-Go very differently from the usual conception of yeti. The Whisperer in Darkness is a short story by H.P. Lovecraft, written in 1930. ... For the Simpsons episode, see Mountain of Madness. ... Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of fantasy, horror and science fiction, noted for combining these three genres within single narratives. ... This article is about the H. P. Lovecrafts fictitious alien race. ...

In the Mighty Boosh episode 'Call of the Yeti', Howard, Vince, Naboo and Bollo are turned into hippies by five yetis before being rescued by Kodiak Jack, whom the yetis then breed with. The Mighty Boosh is a British cult comedy set in Bob Fossils Funworld (later the Zooniverse), a very strange zoo indeed. The Mighty Boosh stars Howard Moon (Julian Barratt) and Vince Noir (Noel Fielding) who play slightly hapless zookeepers working under the ever-watchful eye of bad-tempered zoo...

In Ragnarök Online, Sasquatch is a monster who lives in a snowy city. He looks like a white, large, biped bear. Ragnarok Online (Korean: 라그나로크 온라인), often referred to as RO, is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by GRAVITY Co. ...

In the popular MMORPG RuneScape the king of the Miscellania area has been cursed and turned into a Yeti. requiring the player's avatar to become the new king and marry the king's daughter. An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ... RuneScape is a Java-based MMORPG operated by Jagex Ltd. ...

References

• John Napier (primatologist) (MRCS, IRCS, DSC) "Bigfoot: The Yeti and Sasquatch in Myth and Reality" 1972 ISBN 0-525-06658-6.
• Sir Francis Younghusband The Epic of Mount Everest by 1926, Edward Arnold & Co. The expedition that inadvertently coined the term "Abominable Sbowman"
• Charles Howard-Bury, "Mount Everest The Reconnaissance", 1921, Edward Arnold, ISBN 1-135-39935-2.
• H.W. Tilman, "Mount Everest 1938", Appendix B, pp. 127-137, Pilgrim Publishing. ISBN 81-7769-175-9.
• John A. Jackson, More than Mountains, Chapter 10 (pp 92) & 11, "Prelude to the Snowman Expedition & The Snowman Expedition", George Harrap & Co, 1954
• Ralph Izzard, The Abominable Snowman Adventure, this is the detailed account by the Daily Mail correspondent on the 1954 expedition to find the "Snowman", Hodder and Staoughton, 1955.
• Charles Stonor, The Sherpa and the Snowman, recounts the 1955 Dail Mail "Abominable Snowman Expedition" by the scientific officer of the expedition, this is a very detailed analysis of not just the "Snowman" but the flora and fauna of the Himalaya and its people. Hollis and Carter, 1955.
• John A. Jackson, Adventure Travels in the Himalaya Chapter 17, "Everest and the Elusive Snowman", 1954 updated material, Indus Publishing Company, 2005, ISBN 81-7387-175-2.
• Jerome Clark, Unexplained! 347 Strange Sightings, Incredible Occurrences, and Puzzling Physical Phenomena, Visible Ink Press, 1993.
• Bernard Heuvelmans, On the Track of Unknown Animals, Hill and Wang, 1958
• Reinhold Messner, My Quest for the Yeti: Confronting the Himalayas' Deepest Mystery, New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000, ISBN 0-312-20394-2
• Gardner Soule, Trail of the Abominable Snowman, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1966, ISBN 0-399-6064

The Daily Mail is a British newspaper, currently published in a tabloid format. ... Loren Coleman in a photograph featured in his profile on Cryptomundo. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article refers to the news department of the British Broadcasting Corporation, for the BBC News Channel see BBC News (TV channel). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... John Russell Napier (1917 – 1987) was a primatologist from the University of London and founder of the Primate Society of Great Britain. ... Lieutenant Colonel Sir Francis Edward Younghusband (31 May 1863 - 31 July 1942) was a British Army officer, explorer, and spiritualist. ... Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Kenneth Howard-Bury (1881 – 1963) was an English explorer and botanist. ... Major Harold William Bill Tilman, CBE, DSO, MC and Bar (14 February 1898–1977) was a mountaineer and explorer, famous for his Himalayan climbs and sailing voyages. ... Description John Angelo Jackson John Angelo Jackson (March 21, 1921 – July 2, 2005) was a mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper, currently published in a tabloid format. ... Description John Angelo Jackson John Angelo Jackson (March 21, 1921 – July 2, 2005) was a mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. ... Bernard Heuvelmans (October 10, 1916 – August 22, 2001) was a scientist, explorer, researcher, and a writer probably best known as a founder of cryptozoology. ...

See also

• Bigfoot
• Blue Bear
• Expedition Everest
• Yeren
• Yowie
• Lake Worth monster

It has been suggested that Evidence regarding Bigfoot be merged into this article or section. ... Trinomial name Ursus arctos pruinosus Blyth, 1854 This page is about the Tibetan Blue Bear, for the fictional character, see Blue Bear (Character) The Tibetan Blue Bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) found in the eastern Tibetan plateau. ... Expedition Everest One of the trains ascending the main lift hill A close up of one of the trains on the main drop WDI concept art The exterior of the ride in October 2005 Expedition Everest - Legend of the Forbidden Mountain is an elaborately themed roller coaster at Disneys... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Yowie can refer to either of two mythical creatures of Australian folklore: The name has been applied to an Australian cryptid analogous to the American bigfoot. ... The Lake Worth Monster is a north American Cryptid reported to live in Lake Worth, Texas. ...

External links

• Yeh-teh "that thing out there"
• Yeti: Abominable Snowman of the Himalayas
• Swedish Yeti Association (This site is in Swedish)
• Yeti, The Abominable Snowman - from Occultopedia
• A theory of Yeti (This site is in French)
• The Cryptid Zoo: Yetis
• Migo