NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Yolngu

The Yolngu (or Yolŋu) IPA: [ˈjolŋʊ] are an Indigenous Australian people inhabiting north-eastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. Yolngu literally means “person” in the language spoken by the people. YolÅ‹u Matha is the language group of the Yolngu (YolÅ‹u), the Indigenous people of Arnhem Land in northern Australia. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Australian Aborigines are the indigenous peoples of Australia. ... Arnhem Land is an area of 97,000 kmÂ² in the north-eastern corner of the Northern Territory, Australia. ... Capital Darwin Government Constitutional monarchy Administrator Ted Egan Chief Minister Clare Martin (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 2 - Senate seats 2 Gross Territorial Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $10,418 (8th) - Product per capita $51,634/person (2nd) Population (End of September 2006) - Population 207,700 (8th) - Density 0. ...

Yolŋu Culture

This culture is among the oldest living cultures on earth, stretching back more than 40,000 years. It is still strongly maintained due to their relatively late contact with Europeans.

Yolŋu Law

The complete system of Yolngu Law is the Madayin – a word for which there is no simple English equivalent.

Madayin embodies the rights of the owners of the law, or citizens (rom watangu walal) who have the rights and responsibilities for this embodiment of law. Madayin includes all the people's law (rom); the instruments and objects that encode and symbolise the law (Madayin girri'); oral dictates; names and song cycles and the holy, restricted places (dhuyu nunggat wa:nga) that are used in the maintenance, education and development of law. A song is a relatively short musical composition. ...

This law covers the ownership of land and waters, the resources on or within these lands and waters. It regulates and controls production and trade, the moral, social and religious law including laws for the conservation and the farming of fauna, flora and aquatic life. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 495 KB) Aboriginal hollow log tombs - National Gallery Canberra File links The following pages link to this file: Australian Aboriginal art ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 495 KB) Aboriginal hollow log tombs - National Gallery Canberra File links The following pages link to this file: Australian Aboriginal art ... National Gallery of Australia The National Gallery of Australia is a major art gallery (museum) in Canberra, Australia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A moral is a one sentence remark made at the end of many childrens stories that expresses the intended meaning, or the moral message, of the tale. ... In the religious sense, law can be thought of as the ordering principle of reality; knowledge as revealed by God defining and governing all human affairs. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life of any particular region or time. ... Simplified schematic of an islands flora - all its plant species, highlighted in boxes. ...

Yolŋu believe that if they live out their life according to Madayin, it is a right and civilised way to live. The Madayin creates the state of Magaya, which is a state of peace, freedom from hostilities and true justice for all.

Kinship System

Yolŋu groups are connected by a complex kinship system (gurrurtu). This system governs fundamental aspects of Yolŋu life, including responsibilities for ceremony and marriage rules. Australian Aboriginal kinship is the system of law governing social interaction, particularly marriage, in traditional Aboriginal culture. ... Kinship is the most basic principle of organizing individuals into social groups, roles, and categories. ... Part of the ceremony of the Changing of the Guard in Whitehall, London. ... For the record label, see Marriage Records. ...

Yolŋu life is divided into two moieties: Dhuwa and Yirritja. Each of these is represented by people of a number of different groups, each of which have their own lands, languages, totems and philosophies. Look up moiety in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

A Yirritja person must always marry a Dhuwa person and vice versa. If a man or woman is Dhuwa, their mother will be Yirritja.

Kinship relations are also mapped onto the lands owned by the Yolngu through their hereditary estates – so everything is either Yirritja or Dhuwa – every fish, stone, river, etc, belongs to one or the other moiety. For the scientific journal Heredity see Heredity (journal) Heredity (the adjective is hereditary) is the transfer of characters from parent to offspring, either through their genes or through the social institution called inheritance (for example, a title of nobility is passed from individual to individual according to relevant customs and... Estate is a term used in the common law. ... Look up moiety in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Avoidance relationships

As with nearly all Aboriginal groups, avoidance relationships exist in Yolngu culture between certain relations. The two main avoidance relationships are: Australian Aboriginal avoidance relationships refers to those relationships in traditional Aboriginal society where certain people were required to avoid others in their family or clan. ...

Brother–sister avoidance called mirriri normally begins after initiation. In avoidance relationships, people don't speak directly or look at one another, and try to avoid being in too close proximity with each other. People are avoided, but respected. There are other avoidance relationships, including same-sex relationships, but these are the main two.

Language

Yolngu speak a dozen dialects of a language group known as Yolngu Matha. English can be anywhere from a third to a tenth language for Yolŋu. YolÅ‹u Matha is the language group of the Yolngu (YolÅ‹u), the Indigenous people of Arnhem Land in northern Australia. ... A dialect (from the Greek word Î´Î¹Î¬Î»ÎµÎºÏ„Î¿Ï‚, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ... YolÅ‹u Matha is the language group of the Yolngu (YolÅ‹u), the Indigenous people of Arnhem Land in northern Australia. ...

Yolŋu seasons

Yolŋu identify six distinct seasons: Mirdawarr, Dhaarratharramirri, Rarranhdharr, Worlmamirri, Baarra'mirri and Gurnmul or Waltjarnmirri. Indigenous Australians had distinct ways of dividing the year up. ...

Yolŋu food groups

Indigenous Australian peoples traditionally classified food sources in a methodical way. ...

History

Pre-European history

Yolŋu sustained good trade relations with Macassan fisherman for several hundred years. The Macassan respected the land as Yolŋu land; they only ever camped on the beach, and generally avoided contact with Yolŋu women. Makassar, (Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. ... A fisherman in central Chile A Long Island fisherman cleans his nets A fisherman (in recent years sometimes called a fisher to be non-gender specific), is a person who engages in the activity of fishing. ...

They made yearly visits to harvest trepang and pearls, paying Yolŋu in kind with goods such as knives, metal, canoes, tobacco and pipes. Orders Subclass Apodacea Apodida Molpadiida Subclass Aspidochirotacea Aspidochirotida Elasipodida Subclass Dendrochirotacea Dactylochirotida Dendrochirotida The sea cucumber is an echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin, which is found on the sea floor worldwide. ... Freshadama grade cultured freshwater pearls. ...

In 1906, the South Australian Government did not renew the Macassan's permit to harvest trepang. This loss of trade caused some disruption to the Yolŋu way of life, particularly since they did not know why the Macassan had stopped coming. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its Constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then. ...

Yolŋu had well established trade routes within Australia, extending to Central Australian clans and other Aboriginal countries. (For example, they did not make boomerangs, but obtained these via trade from Central Australia.^[1] Central Australia is a term used to describe the area of land surrounding and including Alice Springs in Australia. ... Central Australia is a term used to describe the area of land surrounding and including Alice Springs in Australia. ...

This contact was maintained through use of message sticks, as well as mailmen – with some men walking several hundred kilometres in their work to send messages and relay orders between tribes and countries. For example, boomerangs, which were not made in Arnhem Land, were often ordered from Central Australia. A message stick is a form of communication traditionally used by Indigenous Australians. ... A letter carrier is an employee of the post office who delivers mail to a residence or business. ... This article is about the wooden implement. ... Central Australia is a term used to describe the area of land surrounding and including Alice Springs in Australia. ...

European contact

Yolŋu had known about Europeans prior to the arrival of British in Australia through their contact with Macassan traders, which probably began around the sixteenth century. Their word for European, Balanda, is derived from "Hollaender" (a person from Holland). Makassar, (Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Nineteenth century

In the late nineteenth century, white Australians began to "open up" Arnhem Land for cattle grazing. A series of battles between Yolŋu and Balanda occurred at this time. Yolngu were arguably more warrior-like than other Indigenous Australians because they had had to defend their northern shoreline for many hundreds – if not thousands – of years. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... cow and ox, see Cow (disambiguation) and Ox (disambiguation). ... Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... 17th Century Brazilian Tapuia A warrior is a person habitually engaged in warfare. ...

There was also a series of massacres. (See List of massacres of indigenous Australians). Photographs of the My Lai massacre provoked world outrage and made it an international scandal. ... This is a list of massacres of Indigenous Australians. ...

Two notable cases are an instance at Florida Station, around 1885 where Yolngu were fed poisoned horsemeat after they killed and ate some cattle (under their law, Madayin, it was their land and they had an inalienable right to eat animals on their land). Many people died as a result of that incident. Station is the term for a large Australian landholding used for livestock production. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Another incident took place around 1895. Some Yolngu took a small amount of barbed wire from a huge roll to build fishing spears. Men, women and children were chased by mounted police and men on horseback from the Eastern and African Cold Storage Company and shot. Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Musical Ride Mounted police are police who patrol on horseback. ...

Twentieth century

In 1932 some Japanese trepangers were speared by Yolŋu men after their mothers had been allegedly raped by the Japanese. Unlike Macassan, Japanese did not show the same respect to Yolŋu. This came to be known as the Caledon Bay crisis. Several Yolŋu were imprisoned in Fannie Bay Gaol in present-day Darwin. Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Makassar, (Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. ... The Caledon bay crisis refers to a series of killings in Caledon Bay in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1932-1934. ... Fannie Bay Gaol is a historic gaol in Darwin, Australia. ... Darwin is the capital city of the Australian Territory of the Northern Territory. ...

The Australian Government feared this would create bad international relations (this was prior to World War II). There were calls in some quarters to "teach the blacks a lesson", ie, to send out shooting parties to hunt down and shoot men, women and children; a not uncommon practice in nineteenth-century Australia (see Coniston massacre, Myall Creek massacre, Gippsland massacres. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Coniston massacre was the last known massacre of Indigenous Australians; people of the families from the Warlpiri, Anmatyerre and Kaytetye groups were killed. ... The Myall Creek Massacre was a massacre of twenty-eight Aboriginal Australian people by twelve white stockmen and squatters on 10 June 1838, at the Myall Creek sheep station near Inverell, in northern New South Wales. ... The Aboriginal people of East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, known as the Gunai/Kurnai people, fought against the European invasion of their land. ...

However, Donald Thomson, a young anthropologist, was able to avert this by going to live with the Yolŋu and ascertaining the facts of the case (ironically, the prisoners were released on a legal oversight, not through these facts). Donald Thomson (1901 â€“ 1970) was an Australian anthropologist who was largely responsible for turning the Caledon Bay Crisis into a decisive moment in the history of Aboriginal-European relations. He is remembered as a friend of the Yolngu people, and as a champion of understanding, by non-Indigenous Australians, of... See Anthropology. ...

Thomson lived with the Yolŋu for several years and made some excellent photographic and written records of their way of life at that time. These have become important historical documents for both Yolŋu and European Australians. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

In 1935, as a result of this publicity, a Methodist mission opened in Arnhem Land. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ...

In 1941, during World War II, Donald Thomson persuaded the Australian Army to establish a Special Reconnaissance Unit (NTSRU) of Yolŋu men to help repel Japanese raids on Australia's northern coastline (this was top secret at the time). Yolŋu made contact with Australian and U.S. servicemen, although Thomson was keen to prevent this (it is believed this is where petrol sniffing began for Aboriginal Australians). Thomson relates how the soldiers would often try to obtain Yolŋu spears as mementos. These spears were vital to Yolŋu livelihood, and took several days to make and forge. For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Australian Army is Australias military land force. ... Mixed reconnaissance patrol of the Polish Home Army and the Soviet Red Army during Operation Tempest, 1944 Reconnaissance is the military term for the active gathering of information about an enemy, or other conditions, by physical observation. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... A Norwegian soldier (a Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend that country or its interests. ... An Ohio man arrested after inhaling spray paint Inhalants are a chemically diverse group of psychoactive substances composed of organic solvents and volatile substances commonly found in more than 1000 common household products, such as glues, hair spray, air fresheners, gasoline, lighter fluid, and paint. ... Hunting spear and knife, from Mesa Verde National Park. ...

More recently, Yolngu have seen the imposition of large mines on their tribal lands at Nhulunbuy. Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Nhulunbuy (12Â°11â€² S 136Â°46â€² E) is the name of the township created on the Gove Peninsula in the Northern Territory of Australia when a bauxite mine and deep water port were established nearby in the late 1960s. ...

Yolngu in Politics

Since the 1960s Yolngu leaders have been conspicuous in the struggle for Aboriginal land rights. The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The Aboriginal Land Rights Act was signed by the Govenor-General of Australia 16 December, 1976. ...

In 1963, provoked by a unilateral government decision to excise a part of their land for a bauxite mine, Yolngu at Yirrkala sent to the Australian House of Representatives a petition on bark. The bark petition attracted national and international attention and now hangs in Parliament House, Canberra as a testament to the Yolngu role in the birth of the land rights movement. Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bauxite with penny Bauxite with core of unweathered rock Bauxite is an aluminium ore. ... Yirrkala is a well-known indigenous community in Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia, at 12. ... Australian House of Representatives chamber Entrance to the House of Representatives The Australian House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Australia. ... The Yirrkala bark petitions 1963 are historic Australian documents that were the first traditional documents prepared by Indigenous Australians that were recognised by the Australian Parliament, and are thus the first documentary recognition of Indigenous people in Australian law. ... Parliament House Canberra: The main entrance and the flag Parliament House is the name given to a purpose-built building opened in 1988 in Canberra, the capital of Australia. ... Native title is a concept in the law of Australia that recognises the continued ownership of land by local Indigenous Australians. ...

When the politicians demonstrated they would not change their minds, the Yolngu of Yirrkala took their grievances to the courts in 1971, in the case of Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd, the Gove land rights case. Yolngu lost the case because Australian courts were still bound to follow the terra nullius principle, which did not allow for the recognition of any “prior rights” to land to Indigenous people at the time of colonisation. However, the Judge did acknowledge the claimants' ritual and economic use of the land and that they had an established system of law, paving the way for future Aboriginal Land Rights in Australia. Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... In December 1968, the Yolngu people living in Yirrkala, who were the traditional owners of the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land, obtained writs in the Northern Territory Supreme Court against the Nabalco Corporation, which had secured a twelve-year bauxite mining lease from the Federal Government. ... In December 1968, the Yolngu people living in Yirrkala, who were the traditional owners of the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land, obtained writs in the Northern Territory Supreme Court against the Nabalco Corporation, which had secured a twelve-year bauxite mining lease from the Federal Government. ... Terra nullius (English pronunciation , Latin pronunciation [[IPA]])is a Latin expression deriving from Roman Law meaning no mans land or, literally, empty land. // Rationale As in Antiquity peace was considered an exceptional condition between states, only established by peace treaty, war being their natural rapport, any territory that was... Native title is a concept in the law of Australia that recognises the continued ownership of land by local Indigenous Australians. ...

The song Treaty, by Yothu Yindi, which became an international hit in 1989, demonstrates the dedication of Yolngu to the cause of reconciliation, land rights and a desire for broader recognition of their culture and Law. Yothu Yindi (Yolngu for child and mother. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...

Yolngu arts

Yolngu artists and performers have been at the forefront of global recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture. Yolngu traditional dancers and musicians have performed widely throughout the world and have had a profound influence on contemporary performance troupes such as Bangarra Dance Theatre. Bangarra Dance Theatre is an Australian contemporary dance company. ...

Yolngu visual art

Prior to the emergence of the Western Desert art movement, the most well-known Aboriginal art was the Yolngu style of fine cross-hatching paintings on bark. Image File history File links Old_aust_one_dollar_note(back). ... Image File history File links Old_aust_one_dollar_note(back). ... David Malangi, (1927-1999) Aboriginal artist from the Northern Territory. ... Papunya Tula, or Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd, is an artists cooperative, formed in 1972 to market the paintings of a group of Aboriginal Australian men who had begun painting traditional designs using western art materials at the Papunya settlement, 240 km northwest of Alice Springs in Central Australia in...

Artists, such as David Malangi Daymirringu, are renowned for their work. Malangi's work featured on the original Australian dollar note. The Australian Government used this artwork without his approval, or even knowledge, but made attempts to remunerate Malangi at a later date. David Malangi, (1927-1999) Aboriginal artist from the Northern Territory. ... ISO 4217 Code AUD User(s) Australia, Kiribati, Nauru, Tuvalu, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island Inflation 3. ...

The hollow logs (larrakitj) used in Arnhem Land burial practices serve an important spiritual purpose and are also important canvases for Yolngu art (see image at top of this article), as is the yidaki/didgeridoo (see below). This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Yolngu are also master weavers. They weave dyed pandanus leaves into baskets. Necklaces are also made from beads made of such objects as seeds, fish vertebrae or shells. Genera Many:see text The Weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. ... In computer science, weaving describes the process of combining different aspects into a complete application. ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Species See text Pandanus is a large genus of between 600-700 species of tree- or shrub-like flowering plants in the family Pandanaceae. ... Four styles of household basket. ... A necklace is an article of clothing or jewelry; which is worn around the neck. ... Beads CloisonnÃ© beads Dichroic beads (10 mm) A bead is a small, decorative object that is pierced for threading or stringing. ... A ripe red jalapeÃ±o cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ... A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are cold-blooded, covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... Various seashells Danielle A shell is the hard, rigid outer covering, or integument, allanimals. ...

Yongu art often expresses stories of creation or the traditional culture of trade.

Colours are often important in determining where a certain artwork comes from and which clan or family group created it. Some designs are the insignias of particular families and clans. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... ...

Yolngu Music

Yothu Yindi, the band, is Australia’s most successful and widely recognised contemporary Indigenous music group. Yothu Yindi (Yolngu for child and mother. ...

Arnhem Land is the home of the yidaki, which Europeans have named the didgeridoo. This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Yolngu are master players and craftsmen of the yidaki. It can only be played by certain men, and traditionally there are strict protocols around its use.

Prominent Yolngu

Gatjil Djerrkura (1950-2004) was an indigenous (aboriginal) spokesman and leader in Australia and served as Chairman of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) from 1996 to 2000. ... David Malangi, (1927-1999) Aboriginal artist from the Northern Territory. ... David Gulpilil (Gurlpiril is linguistically correct though he is sometimes credited as David Gumpilil) (b. ... Djalu Gurruwiwi (born at Milingimbi, Northern Territory, Australia, before World War II) is a senior member of the Galpu clan, of the Yolngu people. ... George Rrurrambu is a Yolngu man from Arnhem Land. ... Galarrwuy Yunupingu (1948-) is a leader in the Australian Indigenous community, he has been involved in the fight for Land Rights throughout his career. ... Mandawuy Yunupingu (b. ...

Films about Yolngu

Ten Canoes is a 2005 motion picture starring the Yolngu people of Ramingining, who speak Yolngu matha. ... Yolngu Boy is an Australian film production which was made in the year 2000. ...

Garma Festival

Every year, Yolngu come together to celebrate their culture at the Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures. Non-Yolngu are welcome to attend the festival and learn about Yolngu traditions and Law. The Yothu Yindi Foundation oversees this festival. The Garma Festival of Traditional Culture is an annual festival that is held in north-east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. ...

Yolngu ethnographic studies

A Deakin University study investigated Aboriginal knowledge systems in reaction to what the authors regarded as Western ethnocentrism in science studies. They argue that Yolngu culture is a system of knowledge different in many ways from that of Western culture, and may be broadly described as viewing the world as a related whole rather than as a collection of objects. Singing the Land, Signing the Land, by Watson and Chambers, explores the relationship between Yolngu and Western knowledge by using the Yolngu idea of ganma, which metaphorically describes two streams, one coming from the land (Yolngu knowledge) and one from the sea (Western knowledge) engulfing each other so that "the forces of the streams combine and lead to deeper understanding and truth". Deakin University is a large Australian public university with around 32,000 students studying Bachelor, Masters, Doctoral and Professional programs as of 2004. ... Science studies is an interdisciplinary research area that seeks to situate scientific expertise in a broad social, historical, and philosophical context. ... Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man, for many a symbol of the changes of the Western culture during the Renaissance Western culture or Western civilization is a term used to generally refer to most of the cultures of European origin and most of their descendants. ...

Contents

Yolŋu Culture

Yolŋu Law

Kinship System

Avoidance relationships

Language

Yolŋu seasons

Yolŋu food groups

History

Pre-European history

European contact

Nineteenth century

Twentieth century

Yolngu in Politics

Yolngu arts

Yolngu visual art

Yolngu Music

Prominent Yolngu

Films about Yolngu

Garma Festival

Yolngu ethnographic studies

See also

External References

Contents

Yolŋu Culture GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Yolŋu Law

Kinship System

Avoidance relationships

Language

Yolŋu seasons

Yolŋu food groups

History

Pre-European history

European contact

Nineteenth century

Twentieth century

Yolngu in Politics

Yolngu arts

Yolngu visual art

Yolngu Music

Prominent Yolngu

Films about Yolngu

Garma Festival

Yolngu ethnographic studies

See also

External References

Yolŋu Culture