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Encyclopedia > Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park
IUCN Category Ib (Wilderness Area)
Location California, United States
Nearest city Mariposa
Coordinates 37°50′0″N 119°30′0″W / 37.83333, -119.5
Area 761,266 acres (3,081 km²)
Established October 1, 1890
Visitors 3,242,644 (in 2006)
Governing body National Park Service
World Heritage Site 1984

Yosemite National Park (pronounced "yo-SEM-it-ee", IPA: /joʊˈsɛmɨtiː/) is a national park located largely in Mariposa and Tuolumne Counties, California, United States. The park covers an area of 761,266 acres or 1,189 square miles (3,081 km²) and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain.[1] Yosemite is visited by over 3.5 million people each year, many of whom only spend time in the seven square miles (18 km²) of Yosemite Valley.[2] Designated a World Heritage Site in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its spectacular granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, Giant Sequoia groves, and biological diversity.[2] Almost 95% of the park is designated wilderness.[3] Although not the first designated national park, Yosemite was a focal point in the development of the national park idea, largely owing to the work of people like John Muir.[4] Yosemite is a national park in the United States. ... The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... Broadly, a wilderness area is a region where the land is left in a state where human modifications are minimal; that is, as a wilderness. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Image File history File links US_Locator_Blank. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Mariposa is an unincorporated community and census-designated place that serves as the county seat of Mariposa County, California. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... Mariposa County is a county in the U.S. state of California, located in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains. ... Tuolumne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Californias Sierra Nevada. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ... The United States of America has a large and lucrative tourism industry serving millions of international and domestic tourists. ... Yosemite Valley with Half Dome in the distance. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Waterfall (disambiguation). ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Binomial name Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl. ... Biodiversity or biological diversity is a neologism and a portmanteau word, from bio and diversity. ... Broadly, a wilderness area is a region where the land is left in a state where human modifications are minimal; that is, as a wilderness. ... This article is about national parks. ... For other persons named John Muir, see John Muir (disambiguation). ...


Yosemite is one of the largest and least fragmented habitat blocks in the Sierra Nevada, and the park supports a diversity of plants and animals. The park has an elevation range from 2,000 to 13,114 feet (600 to 4,000 m) and contains five major vegetation zones: chaparral/oak woodland, lower montane, upper montane, subalpine, and alpine. Of California's 7,000 plant species, about 50% occur in the Sierra Nevada and more than 20% within Yosemite. There is suitable habitat or documentation for more than 160 rare plants in the park, with rare local geologic formations and unique soils characterizing the restricted ranges many of these plants occupy.[2] Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species live and grow. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... The Life Zone concept was developed by C. Hart Merriam in 1889 as a means of describing areas with similar plant and animal communities. ... Chaparral is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, USA, that is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire. ... Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus (from Latin oak tree), which are listed in the List of Quercus species, and some related genera, notably... Mount McKinley in Alaska has one of the largest visible base-to-summit elevation differences anywhere A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... The Sierra Nevada subalpine zone is positioned between the upper montane zone (such as red fir forest) at its lower limit, and treeline at its upper limit. ... For the climate of the mountains named the Alps, see climate) for a region above the tree-line. ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland For the American hard rock band, see SOiL. For the System of a Down song, see Soil (song). ...


The geology of the Yosemite area is characterized by granitic rocks and remnants of older rock. About 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was uplifted and then tilted to form its relatively gentle western slopes and the more dramatic eastern slopes. The uplift increased the steepness of stream and river beds, resulting in formation of deep, narrow canyons. About 1 million years ago, snow and ice accumulated, forming glaciers at the higher alpine meadows that moved down the river valleys. Ice thickness in Yosemite Valley may have reached 4,000 feet (1200 m) during the early glacial episode. The downslope movement of the ice masses cut and sculpted the U-shaped valley that attracts so many visitors to its scenic vistas today.[2] The exposed geology of the Yosemite area includes primarily granitic rocks with some older metamorphic rock. ... Grand Canyon, Arizona Noravank Monastery complex and canyon in Armenia. ... For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ... This article is about water ice. ... Perito Moreno Glacier Patagonia Argentina Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland Icebergs breaking off glaciers at Cape York, Greenland This article is about the geological formation. ...

Bridal Veil Falls at Yosemite National Park
Bridal Veil Falls at Yosemite National Park

Contents

Geography

Yosemite National Park is located in the central Sierra Nevada of California. It takes 3.5 hours to drive to the park from San Francisco and about 6 hours from Los Angeles. Yosemite is surrounded by wilderness areas: the Ansel Adams Wilderness to the southeast, the Hoover Wilderness to the northeast, and the Emigrant Wilderness to the north. Image File history File links Jabathehutt. ... Image File history File links Jabathehutt. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... San Francisco redirects here. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... The Ansel Adams Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Sierra Nevada of California,USA. The wilderness is part of the Inyo and Sierra National Forests. ... Dunderberg Peak as seen from the Virginia Lakes Basin The Hoover Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Inyo and Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forests. ... A stand of Mountain Hemlock in the Emigrant Wilderness The Emigrant Wilderness is a 113,000 acre (45,700 ha) wilderness area in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. It is bordered by Yosemite National Park on the south, the Toiyabe National Forest on the east, and California State Highway...


The 1,189 sq mi (3,081 km²) park contains thousands of lakes and ponds, 1,600 miles (2,600 km) of streams, 800 miles (1300 km) of hiking trails, and 350 miles (560 km) of roads.[5] Two federally designated Wild and Scenic Rivers, the Merced and the Tuolumne, begin within Yosemite's borders and flow westward through the Sierra foothills, into the Central Valley of California. Annual park visitation exceeds 3.5 million, with most visitor use concentrated in the seven square mile (18 km²) area of Yosemite Valley.[5] For other uses, see Lake (disambiguation). ... Two people reflected in a fish pond A pond is typically a man made body of water smaller than a lake. ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... National Wild and Scenic River is a designation for certain protected areas in the United States. ... The Merced River is in California. ... The Tuolumne River is one of the major rivers draining the western slope Sierra Nevada mountains of California. ... The California Central Valley Part of the Valley as seen from overhead A typical Central Valley scene at ground level The California Central Valley is a large, flat valley that dominates the central portion of the U.S. state of California. ... Yosemite Valley with Half Dome in the distance. ...


Rocks and erosion

Almost all of the landforms in the Yosemite area are cut from the granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada Batholith (a batholith is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock that formed deep below the surface).[6] About 5% of the park (mostly in its eastern margin near Mount Dana) are from metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks.[7] These rocks are called roof pendants because they were once the roof of the underlying granitic rock.[8] A landform comprises a geomorphological unit. ... For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ... Glacier-sliced Half Dome, Yosemite, a classic granite dome of the Sierra Nevada Batholith The Sierra Nevada Batholith is a large batholith in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, USA, and is a continuous granitic formation that forms much of the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. ... Half Dome, a granite monolith in Yosemite National Park and part of the Sierra Nevada batholith. ... Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire) are rocks formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ... Mount Dana is a mountain on the eastern edge of Yosemite National Park and is the second highest peak within the park after Mount Lyell. ... Quartzite, a form of metamorphic rock, from the Museum of Geology at University of Tartu collection. ... Ignimbrite is a deposit of a pyroclastic flow. ... Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlain by limestone. ...

Joint plane on Lembert Dome

Erosion acting upon different types of uplift-created joint and fracture systems is responsible for creating the valleys, canyons, domes, and other features we see today. These joints and fracture systems do not move, and are therefore not faults.[9] Spacing between joints is controlled by the amount of silica in the granite and granodiorite rocks; more silica tends to create a more resistant rock, resulting in larger spaces between joints and fractures.[10] Image taken in June 2003 by Daniel Mayer. ... Image taken in June 2003 by Daniel Mayer. ... Lembert Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. Lembert Dome soars 800 feet (240 m) above Tuolumne Meadows and the Tuolumne River and can be hiked starting at the Tioga Road in the heart of Tuolumne Meadows, 8 miles west of the Tioga Pass Entrance to... For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ... In geology, a dome is a deformational feature consisting of symmetrically-dipping anticlines; their general outline on a geologic map is circular or oval. ... Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2. ... A sample of granodiorite rock Granodiorite (IPA: ) is an intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but contains more plagioclase than potassium feldspar. ...


Pillars and columns, such as Washington Column and Lost Arrow, are created by cross joints. Erosion acting on master joints is responsible for creating valleys and later canyons.[10] The single most erosive force over the last few million years has been large alpine glaciers, which have turned the previously V-shaped river-cut valleys into U-shaped glacial-cut canyons (such as Yosemite Valley and Hetch Hetchy Valley). Exfoliation (caused by the tendency of crystals in plutonic rocks to expand at the surface) acting on granitic rock with widely spaced joints is responsible for creating domes such as Half Dome and North Dome and inset arches like Royal Arches.[11] For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion (morphology). ... Perito Moreno Glacier Patagonia Argentina Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland Icebergs breaking off glaciers at Cape York, Greenland This article is about the geological formation. ... Yosemite Valley with Half Dome in the distance. ... Hetch Hetchy Valley is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in California. ... Geological exfoliation of granite at Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, Texas, USA Exfoliation in geology is a weathering process, mainly caused by freeze-thaw cycles. ... For other uses, see Crystal (disambiguation). ... Pluton redirects here. ... Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemites most familiar sight. ... North Dome is a granite dome that is in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. It is the southern summit of Indian Ridge, 0. ...


Popular features

Yosemite Valley represents only one percent of the park area, but this is where most visitors arrive and stay. El Capitan, a prominent granite cliff that looms over the valley, is one of the most popular rock climbing destinations in the world because of its diverse range of climbing routes in addition to its year-round accessibility. Granite domes such as Sentinel Rock and Half Dome rise 3,000 feet and 4,800 feet (900 and 1,450 m), respectively, above the valley floor. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3072x2048, 2157 KB) El Capitan in Yosemite National Park viewed from the Valley Floor. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3072x2048, 2157 KB) El Capitan in Yosemite National Park viewed from the Valley Floor. ... El Capitan is a 3,000-foot (1000m) vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 145 KB)Half-Dome In Yosemite from [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 145 KB)Half-Dome In Yosemite from [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemites most familiar sight. ... El Capitan is a 3,000-foot (1000m) vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. ... Climbers on Valkyrie at the Roaches. ... A granite dome is a dome of granite, formed by exfoliation. ... Sentinel Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, United States. ... Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemites most familiar sight. ...


The high country of Yosemite contains beautiful areas such as Tuolumne Meadows, Dana Meadows, the Clark Range, the Cathedral Range, and the Kuna Crest. The Sierra crest and the Pacific Crest Trail run through Yosemite, with peaks of red metamorphic rock, such as Mount Dana and Mount Gibbs, and granite peaks, such as Mount Conness. Mount Lyell is the highest point in the park. Tuolumne Meadows, as viewed from Lembert Dome Tuolumne Meadows is a gentle, dome-studded meadowy section of the Tuolumne River, in the eastern section of Yosemite National Park. ... Mount Dana (left) and Mount Gibbs (right) from Dana Meadows. ... The Clark Range is a mountain range in Yosemite National Park, USA. It extends in a north-south direction from Quarzite Peak (37°43. ... The Cathedral Range is a range of mountains immediately to the South of Tuolumne Meadows in USA. It is a beautiful range, sculpted by glaciers out of granite. ... The Pacific Crest Trail (also known as the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail) is a long-distance mountain hiking and equestrian trail that runs from the United States border with Mexico to its border with Canada and follows the highest portion of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range which parallel... Quartzite, a form of metamorphic rock, from the Museum of Geology at University of Tartu collection. ... Mount Dana is a mountain on the eastern edge of Yosemite National Park and is the second highest peak within the park after Mount Lyell. ... Mount Gibbs is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada, located 3 km south of Mount Dana. ... For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ... Mount Conness is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, to the west of the Hall Natural Area. ... Mount Lyell is the highest point in Yosemite National Park. ...


The park has three groves of ancient Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) trees; the Mariposa Grove (200 trees), the Tuolumne Grove (25 trees), and the Merced Grove (20 trees).[12] Giant Sequoia are the most massive trees in the world and are one of the tallest and longest-lived (Coast Redwoods that live along the Northern Californian coast are the tallest and the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine of Eastern California are the oldest). These trees were much more widespread before the start of the last Ice Age.[13] Binomial name Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... Giant Sequoia in the Mariposa Grove, Yosemite Mariposa Grove is a sequoia grove located near Wawona, California in the southernmost part of Yosemite National Park, at 37°31′ N 119°36′ W. It is the largest grove of Giant Sequoias in the park, with several hundred mature examples of the... Binomial name Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. ... Northern California, sometimes referred to as NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. ... Binomial name Pinus longaeva D.K.Bailey The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva) is one of the bristlecone pines, a group of three species of pine found in the higher mountains of the southwest United States. ... Eastern California is not a well-defined term. ...


Water and ice

Merced River from Yosemite
Merced River from Yosemite

Tuolumne and Merced River systems originate along the crest of the Sierra Nevada in the park and have carved river canyons 3,000 to 4,000 feet (900 to 1,200 m) deep. The Tuolumne River drains the entire northern portion of the park, an area of approximately 680 square miles (1,760 km²). The Merced River begins in the park's southern peaks, primarily the Cathedral and Clark Ranges, and drains an area of approximately 511 square miles (1,320 km²).[14] Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Merced River is in California. ... The Tuolumne River is one of the major rivers draining the western slope Sierra Nevada mountains of California. ... The Merced River is in California. ... The Cathedral Range is a range of mountains immediately to the South of Tuolumne Meadows in USA. It is a beautiful range, sculpted by glaciers out of granite. ... The Clark Range is a mountain range in Yosemite National Park, USA. It extends in a north-south direction from Quarzite Peak (37°43. ...


Hydrologic processes, including glaciation, flooding, and fluvial geomorphic response, have been fundamental in creating landforms in the park.[14] The park also contains approximately 3,200 lakes (greater than 100 m²), two reservoirs, and 1,700 miles (2,700 km) of streams, all of which help form these two large watersheds.[15] Wetlands in Yosemite occur in valley bottoms throughout the park, and are often hydrologically linked to nearby lakes and rivers through seasonal flooding and groundwater movement. Meadow habitats, distributed at elevations from 3,000 to 11,000 feet (900 to 3,500 m) in the park, are generally wetlands, as are the riparian habitats found on the banks of Yosemite's numerous streams and rivers.[16] A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ... A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ... For other uses, see Lake (disambiguation). ... The Ashokan Reservoir, located in Ulster County, New York, USA. It is one of 19 that supplies New York City with drinking water. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (blue outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (green lines) of a contiguous area. ... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ... A meadow is a habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. ... A riparian zone schematic from the Everglades. ...

Bridalveil Fall flows from a U-shaped hanging valley that was created by a tributary glacier.
Bridalveil Fall flows from a U-shaped hanging valley that was created by a tributary glacier.

Yosemite is famous for its high concentration of waterfalls in a small area. Numerous sheer drops, glacial steps and hanging valleys in the park provide many places for waterfalls to exist, especially during April, May, and June (the snowmelt season). Located in Yosemite Valley, the 2,425-foot-high (739 m) Yosemite Falls is the highest in North America. Also in the valley is the much lower volume Ribbon Falls, which has the highest single vertical drop, 1,612 feet (492 m).[13] Perhaps the most prominent of the Yosemite waterfalls is Bridalveil Fall, which is the waterfall seen from the Tunnel View viewpoint at the east end of the Wawona Tunnel. Wapama Falls in Hetch Hetchy Valley is another notable waterfall. Hundreds of ephemeral waterfalls also exist in the park. Download high resolution version (508x659, 79 KB)Image taken in May 2002 by Daniel Mayer. ... Download high resolution version (508x659, 79 KB)Image taken in May 2002 by Daniel Mayer. ... This article is about Bridalveil Fall in Yosemite. ... The following is a list of Yosemite waterfalls, excluding ephemeral falls: Bridalveil Falls (620 feet) Chilnualna Falls (690 feet) Illilouette Fall (370 feet) Lehamite Falls (1,180 feet) Nevada Fall (594 feet) Ribbon Falls (1,612 feet) Royal Arch Cascade (1,250 feet) Sentinel Fall (1,920 feet) Silver Strand... Bridal Veil Falls in Yosemite National Park flowing from a hanging valley. ... For other uses, see Waterfall (disambiguation). ... Yosemite Falls is the highest measured waterfall in North America. ... North American redirects here. ... Ribbon Fall[1], located in Yosemite National Park in California, flows off a cliff on the west side of El Capitan, and is the largest single-drop waterfall in North America. ... This article is about Bridalveil Fall in Yosemite. ... Hetch Hetchy Valley is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in California. ... For the kind of film, see ephemeral film. ...


All glaciers in the park are relatively small glaciers that occupy areas that are in almost permanent shade, such as north- and northeast-facing cirques. Lyell Glacier is the largest glacier in the Sierra Nevada (and therefore the park) and covers 160 acres (65 ha).[17] None of the Yosemite glaciers are a remnant of the much, much larger Ice Age alpine glaciers responsible for sculpting the Yosemite landscape. Instead, they were formed during one of the neoglacial episodes that have occurred since the thawing of the Ice Age (such as the Little Ice Age).[12] Global warming has reduced the number and size of glaciers around the world. Many Yosemite glaciers, including Merced Glacier, which was discovered by John Muir in 1871 and bolstered his glacial origins theory of the Yosemite area, have disappeared and most of the others have lost up to 75% of their surface area.[17] Perito Moreno Glacier Patagonia Argentina Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland Icebergs breaking off glaciers at Cape York, Greenland This article is about the geological formation. ... A cirque is an amphitheatre-like valley of glacial origin, formed by glacial erosion at the head of the glacier. ... Lyell Glacier is a small, shrinking glacier in Californias Sierra Nevadas Yosemite National Park. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... The neoglaciation was a period of the Holocene starting around 5500 BP (3500 BC) and ending in the 20th century. ... The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling occurring after a warmer era known as the Medieval climate optimum. ... Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. ... For other persons named John Muir, see John Muir (disambiguation). ...


Climate

Fall in Yosemite
Fall in Yosemite
Half Dome in winter
Half Dome in winter

Yosemite has a Mediterranean climate, meaning most precipitation falls during the mild winter, and the other seasons are nearly dry (less than 3% of precipitation falls during the long, hot summers).[18] Due to orographic lift, precipitation increases with elevation up to 8,000 feet (2,400 m) where it slowly decreases to the crest. Precipitation amounts vary from 36 inches (915 mm) at 4,000 feet (1,200 m) elevation to 50 inches (1,200 mm) at 8,600 feet (2,600 m). Snow does not typically persist on the ground until November in the high country. It accumulates all winter and into March or early April.[19] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1296 × 1944 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1296 × 1944 pixels, file size: 2. ... Half Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, located at the eastern end of Yosemite Valley — possibly Yosemites most familiar sight. ...  Areas with Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate is a climate that resembles the climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin. ... This wave cloud pattern formed off of the ÃŽle Amsterdam in the far southern Indian Ocean, due to orographic lift of an airmass by the island, producing alternating bands of condensed and invisible humidity downwind of the island as the moist air moves in vertical waves and the moisture successively...


Temperature decreases with increasing elevation. Temperature extremes are moderated by the fact that Yosemite is only about 100 miles (160 km) from the Pacific Ocean. An anticyclone sits off the coast of California in the summer, sending cool air masses toward the Sierra Nevada that result in clean dry air in the Yosemite area.


Mean daily temperatures range from 25 to 53 °F (-3.9 to 11.5 °C) at Tuolumne Meadows at 8,600 feet (2,600 m). At the Wawona Entrance (elevation 5,130 feet; 1,564 m), mean daily temperature ranges from 36 to 67 °F (2.2 to 19.4 °C). At the lower elevations below 5,000 feet (1525 m), temperatures are hotter; the mean daily high temperature at Yosemite Valley (elevation 3,966 feet; 1,209 m) varies from 46 to 90 °F (7.8 to 32.2 °C). At elevations above 8,000 feet (2,440 m), the hot, dry summer temperatures are moderated by frequent summer thunderstorms, along with snow that can persist into July. The combination of dry vegetation, low relative humidity, and thunderstorms results in frequent lightning-caused fires as well.[19] For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants, and is, by far, the most abundant biotic element of the biosphere. ... The term humidity is usually taken in daily language to refer to relative humidity. ... Not to be confused with lighting. ... For other uses, see Wildfire (disambiguation). ...


History

Main article: History of the Yosemite area

The known history of the Yosemite area started with Ahwahnechee and Paiute peoples who inhabited the central Sierra Nevada region of California that now includes Yosemite National Park. ...

Ahwahneechee and the Mariposa Wars

Paiute ceremony in 1872 at current site of Yosemite Lodge
Mariposa Indian Encampment Yosemite Valley California by Albert Bierstadt
Mariposa Indian Encampment Yosemite Valley California by Albert Bierstadt

Paiute and Sierra Miwok peoples lived in the area for decades before the first white explorations into the region. A band of Native Americans called the Ahwahneechee lived in Yosemite Valley when the first non-indigenous people entered it.[20] Download high resolution version (800x829, 159 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (800x829, 159 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... “Piute” redirects here. ... Albert Bierstadt, by Napoleon Sarony. ... “Piute” redirects here. ... The Valley and Sierra Miwok (also called the Plains and Sierra Miwok), were the largest group of Miwok Native American people. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Yosemite Valley with Half Dome in the distance. ... For other uses, see Native Americans (disambiguation). ...


The California Gold Rush in the mid-19th century dramatically increased white travel in the area. United States Army Major Jim Savage led the Mariposa Battalion into the west end of Yosemite Valley in 1851 while in pursuit of around 200 Ahwahneechees led by Chief Tenaya as part of the Mariposa Wars.[21] Accounts from this battalion were the first confirmed cases of Caucasians entering the valley. Attached to Savage's unit was Dr. Lafayette Bunnell, the company physician, who later wrote about his awestruck impressions of the valley in The Discovery of the Yosemite. Bunnell is credited with naming the valley from his interviews with Chief Tenaya. Bunnell wrote that Chief Tenaya was the founder of the Pai-Ute Colony of Ah-wah-nee.[20] The Miwoks (and most white settlers) considered the Ahwahneechee to be especially violent due to their frequent territorial disputes, and the Miwok word "yohhe'meti" literally means "they are killers".[22] Correspondence and articles written by members of the battalion helped to popularize the valley and surrounding area. The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began shortly after January 24, 1848 (when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill in Coloma). ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... Jim Savage was born in the Midwest between 1815 and 1820. ... Chief Tenaya (?-1853) was a Native American chief in the Yosemite Valley people in California. ... Lafayette Houghton Bunnell (1824-1903), a noted explorer of Yosemite Valley, was born in Homer, Minnesota. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ...


Tenaya and the rest of the Ahwahneechee were eventually captured and their village burned; they were removed to a reservation near Fresno, California. Some were later allowed to return to the valley, but got in trouble after attacking a group of eight gold miners in the spring of 1852.[23] The band fled and took refuge with the nearby Mono tribe; but after stealing some horses from their hosts, the Ahwahneechees were tracked down and killed by the Monos. A reconstructed "Indian Village of Ahwahnee" is now located behind the Yosemite Museum, which is next to the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center. This article is about Native Americans. ... Fresno redirects here. ... This article is about mineral extractions. ... The Mono are a Native American people who traditionally lived in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains (generally south of Bridgeport, California) and adjacent areas of the Great Basin. ...


Early tourists

Entrepreneur James Mason Hutchings, artist Thomas Ayres and two others ventured into the area in 1855, becoming the valley's first tourists.[21] Hutchings wrote articles and books about this and later excursions in the area, and Ayres' sketches became the first accurate drawings of many prominent features. Photographer Charles Leander Weed took the first photographs of the Valley's features in 1859.[21] Later photographers included Ansel Adams. James M. Hutchings James Mason Hutchings was born in England on February 10, 1820. ... For other uses, see Photograph (disambiguation). ... Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. ...

Wawona was an Indian encampment in what is now the southwestern part of the park. Settler Galen Clark discovered the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia in Wawona in 1857. Simple lodgings were built, as were roads to the area. In 1879, the Wawona Hotel was built to serve tourists visiting the Grove. As tourism increased, so did the number of trails and hotels. United States National Park Service photo of the Wawona Hotel, Wawona, California Source URL: http://www. ... United States National Park Service photo of the Wawona Hotel, Wawona, California Source URL: http://www. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it more accessible to a general audience, this article may require cleanup. ... Categories: Stub | Unincorporated communities in California ... Galen Clark (March 28, 1814 – March 24, 1910) is known for his discovery of the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia trees and for his role as Guardian of Yosemite National Park for 21 years. ... Giant Sequoia in the Mariposa Grove, Yosemite Mariposa Grove is a sequoia grove located near Wawona, California in the southernmost part of Yosemite National Park, at 37°31′ N 119°36′ W. It is the largest grove of Giant Sequoias in the park, with several hundred mature examples of the... Binomial name Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it more accessible to a general audience, this article may require cleanup. ...


Yosemite Grant

Concerned by the effects of commercial interests, prominent citizens including Galen Clark and Senator John Conness advocated for protection of the area. A park bill passed both houses of the U.S. Congress, and was signed by President Abraham Lincoln on June 30, 1864, creating the Yosemite Grant.[24] This is the first instance of park land being set aside specifically for preservation and public use by action of the U.S. federal government, and set a precedent for the 1872 creation of Yellowstone as the first national park.[4] Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove were ceded to California as a state park, and a board of commissioners was proclaimed two years later. Download high resolution version (400x608, 88 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (400x608, 88 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Galen Clark (March 28, 1814 – March 24, 1910) is known for his discovery of the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia trees and for his role as Guardian of Yosemite National Park for 21 years. ... Galen Clark (March 28, 1814 – March 24, 1910) is known for his discovery of the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia trees and for his role as Guardian of Yosemite National Park for 21 years. ... John Conness (September 22, 1821 – January 10, 1909) was a first-generation Irish-American businessman who served as a U.S. Senator from California. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Yellowstone redirects here. ... This article is about national parks. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... State park is a term used in the United States and in Mexico for an area of land preserved on account of its natural beauty, historic interest, recreation, or other reason, and under the administration of the government of a U.S. state or one of the states of Mexico. ...


Galen Clark was appointed by the commission as the Grant's first guardian, but neither Clark nor the commissioners had the authority to evict homesteaders (which included Hutchings).[24] The issue was not settled until 1875 when the homesteader land holdings were invalidated. Clark and the reigning commissioners were ousted in 1880, and Hutchings became the new park guardian.[25] The Homestead Act was a United States Federal law that gave freehold title to 160 acres (one quarter section or about 65 hectares) of undeveloped land in the American West. ...


Access to the park by tourists improved in the early years of the park, and conditions in the Valley were made more hospitable. Tourism significantly increased after the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869, but the long horseback ride to reach the area was a deterrent.[24] Three stagecoach roads were built in the mid-1870s to provide better access for the growing number of visitors to the Valley. This article refers to a railroad built in the United States between Omaha and Sacramento completed in 1869. ... Stagecoach in Switzerland A stagecoach is a type of four-wheeled enclosed passenger and/or mail coach, strongly sprung and drawn by four horses, widely used before the introduction of railway transport. ...


Scottish-born naturalist John Muir wrote articles popularizing the area and increasing scientific interest in it. Muir was one of the first to theorize that the major landforms in Yosemite were created by large alpine glaciers, bucking established scientists such as Josiah Whitney, who regarded Muir as an amateur.[25] Muir wrote scientific papers on the area's biology. This article is about the country. ... For other persons named John Muir, see John Muir (disambiguation). ... Perito Moreno Glacier Patagonia Argentina Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland Icebergs breaking off glaciers at Cape York, Greenland This article is about the geological formation. ... Portrait of Josiah Whitney by Silas Selleck, 1863 Josiah Dwight Whitney (November 23, 1819-August 15, 1896) was a professor of geology at Harvard University (from 1865), and was chief of the California Geological Survey (1860-1874). ...


Increased protection efforts

Overgrazing of meadows (especially by sheep), logging of Giant Sequoia, and other damage caused Muir to become an advocate for further protection. Muir convinced prominent guests of the importance of putting the area under federal protection; one such guest was Robert Underwood Johnson, editor of Century Magazine. Muir and Johnson lobbied Congress for the Act that created Yosemite National Park on October 1, 1890.[26] The State of California, however, retained control of the Valley and Grove. Muir also helped persuade local officials to virtually eliminate grazing from the Yosemite High Country. For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ... For other persons named John Muir, see John Muir (disambiguation). ... Glacier Point, as seen from Yosemite Valley. ... A meadow is a habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. ... Species See text. ... Logging is the process in which trees are cut down usually as part of a timber harvest which is good for the environment. ... Robert Underwood Johnson (January 12, 1853 – October 14, 1937) was a U.S. writer and diplomat. ... University of Utah Student Magazine: THERE IS A WRONG LINK HERE (FROM RICHARD WATSON GILDER). THIS IS *NOT* THE MAGAZINE THAT USED TO BE CALLED SCRIBNERS MONTHLY. The sole student run magazine at the University of Utah. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ...

Fallen Monarch and F Troop of U.S. Cavalry
Fallen Monarch and F Troop of U.S. Cavalry

The newly created national park came under the jurisdiction of the United States Army's Fourth Cavalry Regiment on May 19, 1891, which set up camp in Wawona.[26] By the late 1890s, sheep grazing was no longer a problem, and the Army made many other improvements. The Cavalry could not intervene to help the worsening condition of the Valley or Grove. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ... The United States 4th Cavalry Regiment was a United States Army cavalry regiment, whose lineage is traced back to the mid-19th century. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...


Muir and his Sierra Club continued to lobby the government and influential people for the creation of a unified Yosemite National Park. In May 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt camped with Muir near Glacier Point for three days. On that trip, Muir convinced Roosevelt to take control of the Valley and the Grove away from California and return it to the federal government. In 1906, Roosevelt signed a bill that did precisely that. The Sierra Club is an American environmental organization founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known preservationist John Muir, who became its first president. ... For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ... Glacier Point, as seen from Yosemite Valley. ...


National Park Service

An American Black Bear with a conspicuous ear tag browsing on its natural foods in Yosemite Valley
An American Black Bear with a conspicuous ear tag browsing on its natural foods in Yosemite Valley

The National Park Service was formed in 1916, and Yosemite was transferred to that agency's jurisdiction. Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, Tioga Pass Road, and campgrounds at Tenaya and Merced lakes were completed in 1916.[27] Automobiles started to enter the park in ever-increasing numbers following the construction of all-weather highways to the park. The Yosemite Museum was founded in 1926 through the efforts of Ansel Franklin Hall.[28] Black bear at Yosemite with ear tag Taken by Elf | Talk November 2004, Yosemite Valley. ... Black bear at Yosemite with ear tag Taken by Elf | Talk November 2004, Yosemite Valley. ... Binomial name Pallas, 1780 Synonyms Euarctos americanus The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the most common bear species native to North America. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... California State Route 120, in northern California, is the end of the freeways heading east from the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Ansel F. Hall Ansel F. Hall (May 6, 1894, Oakland, California – March 28, 1962) was an American naturalist. ...


In 1903, a dam in the northern portion of the park was proposed. Located in the Hetch Hetchy Valley, its purpose was to provide water and hydroelectric power to San Francisco. Preservationists like Muir and his Sierra Club opposed the project, while conservationists like Gifford Pinchot supported it. In 1913, the U.S. Congress authorized the O'Shaughnessy Dam through passage of the Raker Act.[29] Hetch Hetchy Valley is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in California. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... San Francisco redirects here. ... The Sierra Club is an American environmental organization founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known preservationist John Muir, who became its first president. ... The conservation ethic is an ethic of resource use, allocation, exploitation, and protection. ... Gifford Pinchot (August 11, 1865 – October 4, 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905–1910) and the Republican Governor of Pennsylvania (1923–1927, 1931–1935). ... OShaughnessy Dam in Hetch Hetchy The OShaughnessy Dam is a dam on the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Valley of Californias Sierra Nevada mountains. ... The Raker Act was an act of Congress that permitted building of the OShaughnessy Dam and flooding of Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite National Park, California. ...


More recently, preservationists persuaded Congress to designate 677,600 acres (2,742 km²), or about 89% of the park, as the Yosemite Wilderness — a highly protected wilderness area.[30] The Park Service has reduced artificial inducements to visit the park, such as the Firefall, in which red-hot embers were pushed off a cliff near Glacier Point at night. Traffic congestion in Yosemite Valley during the summer months has become a concern. Plans to exclude all automobiles in the summer that are not registered at a hotel or campground within the valley have been investigated; this would put summer day-use visitors in the valley on a free shuttle bus system, on bicycles, or on foot. Broadly, a wilderness area is a region where the land is left in a state where human modifications are minimal; that is, as a wilderness. ... The Yosemite Firefall was an 88 year old tradition in Yosemite National Park until it was discontinued in 1968 as part of de-emphasizing artificial attractions at the park. ... Glacier Point, as seen from Yosemite Valley. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...


Hotels and concessioners

See also: Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co.

In the early years of the park, different companies ran multiple hotels and resorts. These resorts included the Wawona Hotel, the Yosemite Park Lodge, and Camp Curry, a tent cabin site in Yosemite Valley. The Yosemite Park & Curry Company was formed in 1925 to consolidate those often-competing concessions. The Park Service granted the newly formed company exclusive right to operate hotels, restaurants and most stores in Yosemite. Two years later, the new company was headquartered on the mezzanine level of its new hotel, The Ahwahnee. The Yosemite Park and Curry Company ran the concessions in the park for over 50 years until the company was sold in the late 1970s to United States Natural Resources (USNR) and a couple of years later to MCA which operated Universal Studios. During those ownership changes, the Curry Company name continued. In 1993, MCA was acquired by Matsushita. Then Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan objected to a Japanese firm operating concessions in a U.S. national park, so to avoid delay of federal approval of the acquisition, Matsushita arranged for the sale of the concessions company, ownership of its concession properties was transferred to the federal government, and the Yosemite Park and Curry Co. name was retired. The park concession contract is now operated by Delaware North Companies "Parks and Resorts" (the official concessionaire name in DNC Parks and Resorts at Yosemite, Inc.). In the case of Collins v. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and make it more accessible to a general audience, this article may require cleanup. ... Curry Village, also known as Camp Curry, is located in the Yosemite Valley of Yosemite National Park. ... Ahwahnee Hotel The Ahwahnee is an enormous luxury hotel located in Yosemite National Park in a meadow on the floor of Yosemite Valley. ... Categories: People stubs | 1928 births | U.S. Secretaries of the Interior ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


Geology

The exposed geology of the Yosemite area includes primarily granitic rocks with some older metamorphic rock. ...

Tectonic and volcanic activity

The area of the park was astride a passive continental margin during the Precambrian and early Paleozoic.[31] Sediment was derived from continental sources and was deposited in shallow water. These rocks have since been metamorphosed.  Sediment  Rock  Mantle The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. ... The Precambrian (Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the supereon comprising the eons of the geologic timescale that came before the current Phanerozoic eon. ... The Paleozoic Era (from the Greek palaio, old and zoion, animals, meaning ancient life) is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... Quartzite, a form of metamorphic rock, from the Museum of Geology at University of Tartu collection. ...

Generalized geologic map of the Yosemite area (USGS image)
Generalized geologic map of the Yosemite area (USGS image)

Heat generated from the Farallon Plate subducting below the North American Plate led to the creation of an island arc of volcanoes on the west coast of proto-North America between the late Devonian and Permian periods.[31] Later volcanism in the Jurassic intruded and covered these rocks in what may have been magmatic activity associated with the early stages of the creation of the Sierra Nevada Batholith. 95% of these rocks were eventually removed by uplifted-accelerated erosion. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (734x666, 724 KB)PD USGS image from http://geology. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (734x666, 724 KB)PD USGS image from http://geology. ... The Farallon Plate is an ancient tectonic plate which began subducting as Pangaea broke apart during the Jurassic period. ... Geometry of a subduction zone - insets to show accretionary prism and partial melting of hydrated asthenosphere. ...  The North American plate, shown in brown The North American Plate is a tectonic plate covering most of North America, extending eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and westward to the Cherskiy Range in East Siberia. ... An island arc is a type of archipelago formed by plate tectonics as one oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another and produces magma. ... North American redirects here. ... For the Celtic language, see Southwestern Brythonic language; for the residents of the English county, see Devon. ... The Permian is a geologic period that extends from about 299. ... The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199. ... Glacier-sliced Half Dome, Yosemite, a classic granite dome of the Sierra Nevada Batholith The Sierra Nevada Batholith is a large batholith in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, USA, and is a continuous granitic formation that forms much of the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. ...


The first phase of regional plutonism started 210 million years ago in the late Triassic and continued throughout the Jurassic to about 150 million years before present (BP).[6] Around the same time, the Nevadan orogeny built the Nevadan mountain range (also called the Ancestral Sierra Nevada) to a height of 15,000 feet (4500 m). This was directly part of the creation of the Sierra Nevada Batholith, and the resulting rocks were mostly granitic in composition and emplaced about 6 miles (10 km) below the surface.[32] The second major pluton emplacement phase lasted from about 120 million to 80 million years ago during the Cretaceous.[6] This was part of the Sevier orogeny. Pluton redirects here. ... Before Present (BP) years are the units of time (counted backwards to the past) used to report raw radiocarbon ages and dates referenced to the BP scale origin in the year AD 1950 (identical to 1950 CE). ... The Nevadan Orogeny was a major mountain building event that took place along the western edge of ancient North America between the Mid to Late Jurassic(between about 180 and 146 million years ago). ... For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ... // The Cretaceous Period (pronounced ) is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... The Sevier orogeny was a mountain-building event that affected western North America between aproximately 140 million years ago (Ma), and 50 Ma. ...


Starting 20 million years ago (in the Cenozoic) and lasting until 5 million years ago, a now-extinct extension of Cascade Range volcanoes erupted, bringing large amounts of igneous material in the area. These igneous deposits blanketed the region north of the Yosemite region. Volcanic activity persisted past 5 million years BP east of the current park borders in the Mono Lake and Long Valley areas. Mammals are the dominant creatures of Cenozoic. ... “Cascades” redirects here. ... Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Before Present (BP) years are the units of time (counted backwards to the past) used to report raw radiocarbon ages and dates referenced to the BP scale origin in the year AD 1950 (identical to 1950 CE). ... Mono Lake is an alkaline and hypersaline lake in California, United States that is a critical nesting habitat for several bird species and is one of the most productive ecosystems in North America[citation needed]. // Satellite photo of Mono Lake Mono Craters to the right of the image are rhyolitic... Long Valley Caldera is a depression in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain. ...


Uplift and erosion

View over Yosemite Valley
View over Yosemite Valley

Starting 10 million years ago, vertical movement along the Sierra fault started to uplift the Sierra Nevada. Subsequent tilting of the Sierra block and the resulting accelerated uplift of the Sierra Nevada increased the gradient of western-flowing streams.[33] The streams consequently ran faster and thus cut their valleys more quickly. Additional uplift occurred when major faults developed to the east, especially the creation of Owens Valley from Basin and Range-associated extensional forces. Uplift of the Sierra accelerated again about two million years ago during the Pleistocene. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 479 pixelsFull resolution (2549 × 1527 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 479 pixelsFull resolution (2549 × 1527 pixels, file size: 2. ... For other uses, see Gradient (disambiguation). ... Owens Valley is the arid ranching valley of the Owens River in southeastern California in the United States. ... Basin and Range index map - USGS The Basin and Range Province is a particular type of topography that covers much of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico that is typified by elongate north-south trending arid valleys bounded by mountain ranges which also bound adjacent valleys. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ...


The uplifting and increased erosion exposed granitic rocks in the area to surface pressures, resulting in exfoliation (responsible for the rounded shape of the many domes in the park) and mass wasting following the numerous fracture joint planes (cracks; especially vertical ones) in the now solidified plutons.[11] Pleistocene glaciers further accelerated this process and the larger ones transported the resulting talus and till from valley floors. Geological exfoliation of granite at Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, Texas, USA Exfoliation in geology is a weathering process, mainly caused by freeze-thaw cycles. ... Scree or detritic cone is a term given to broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. ... Glacial till with tufts of grass Till is an unsorted glacial sediment. ...


Numerous vertical joint planes controlled where and how fast erosion took place. Most of these long, linear and very deep cracks trend northeast or northwest and form parallel, often regularly spaced sets. They were created by uplift-associated pressure release and by the unloading of overlying rock via erosion.


Sculpting by glaciers

View from Glacier Point
View from Glacier Point

A series of glaciations further modified the region starting about 2 to 3 million years ago and ending sometime around 10,000 BP. At least four major glaciations have occurred in the Sierra Nevada, locally called the Sherwin (also called the pre-Tahoe), Tahoe, Tenaya, and Tioga.[33] The Sherwin glaciers were the largest, filling Yosemite and other valleys, while later stages produced much smaller glaciers. A Sherwin-age glacier was almost surely responsible for the major excavation and shaping of Yosemite Valley and other canyons in the area. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 290 pixelsFull resolution (9797 × 3550 pixels, file size: 7. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 290 pixelsFull resolution (9797 × 3550 pixels, file size: 7. ... A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ... Before Present (BP) years are the units of time (counted backwards to the past) used to report raw radiocarbon ages and dates referenced to the BP scale origin in the year AD 1950 (identical to 1950 CE). ...


Glacial systems reached depths of up to 4000 feet (1200 m) and left their marks in the Yosemite area. The longest glacier in the Yosemite area ran down the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne River for 60 miles (95 km), passing well beyond Hetch Hetchy Valley. Merced Glacier flowed out of Yosemite Valley and into the Merced River Gorge. Lee Vining Glacier carved Lee Vining Canyon and emptied into Lake Russel (the much-enlarged ice age version of Mono Lake). Only the highest peaks, such as Mount Dana and Mount Conness, were not covered by glaciers. Retreating glaciers often left recessional moraines that impounded lakes such as the 5.5 mile (8.9 km) long Lake Yosemite (a shallow lake that periodically covered much of the floor of Yosemite Valley).[34] The Tuolumne River is one of the major rivers draining the western slope Sierra Nevada mountains of California. ... Hetch Hetchy Valley is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in California. ... Mono Lake is an alkaline and hypersaline lake in California, United States that is a critical nesting habitat for several bird species and is one of the most productive ecosystems in North America[citation needed]. // Satellite photo of Mono Lake Mono Craters to the right of the image are rhyolitic... Mount Dana is a mountain on the eastern edge of Yosemite National Park and is the second highest peak within the park after Mount Lyell. ... Mount Conness is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, to the west of the Hall Natural Area. ... This article is about geological phenomena. ...


Biology

Further information: Ecology of the Sierra Nevada

Biotic zones in Yosemite The Ecology of the Sierra Nevada is diverse and complex: the plants and animals are a significant part of the scenic beauty of the mountain range. ...

Habitats

Mule Deer in Yosemite Valley
Mule Deer in Yosemite Valley

With habitats ranging from thick foothill chaparral to expanses of alpine rock, Yosemite National Park supports over 250 species of vertebrates, which include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This high diversity of species is also the result of habitats in Yosemite that are largely intact, compared to areas outside the park where various human activities have resulted in habitat degradation or destruction.[35] Binomial name (Rafinesque, 1817) The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America. ... Chaparral is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, USA, that is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Amphibian (disambiguation). ... Reptilia redirects here. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ... Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species live and grow. ...


Along much of Yosemite's western boundary, habitats are dominated by mixed coniferous forests of Ponderosa Pine, Sugar Pine, Incense-cedar, White Fir, and Douglas Fir, and a few stands of Giant Sequoia, interspersed by areas of Black Oak and Canyon Live Oak. A relatively high diversity of wildlife species are supported by these habitats, due to relatively mild, lower-elevation climate and the mixture of habitat types and plant species. Wildlife species typically found in these habitats include American Black Bear, Bobcat, Gray Fox, Mule deer, Mountain Kingsnake, Gilbert's Skink, White-headed Woodpecker, Brown Creeper, Spotted Owl, and a wide variety of bat species. In the case of bats, large snags are important as roost sites.[35] Temperate coniferous forests are a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest. ... Binomial name Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) is a widespread and very variable pine native to western North America. ... Binomial name Pinus lambertiana Douglas The Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana; family Pinaceae) is a species of pine that occurs in the mountains of Oregon and California in the western United States, and Baja California in northwestern Mexico; specifically the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, the Coast Ranges, and the Sierra... Species Calocedrus decurrens Conservation status: Secure Calocedrus formosana Conservation status: Vulnerable Calocedrus macrolepis Conservation status: Vulnerable The Incense-cedars, Calocedrus, are a genus of two to three species of coniferous trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae. ... Binomial name Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindley ex Hildebrand White Fir (Abies concolor) is a fir native to the mountains of western North America, occurring at altitudes of 900-3,400 m. ... Species See text Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. ... Binomial name Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl. ... Binomial name Quercus velutina Lamb. ... Southern live oaks on Skidaway Island, near Savannah, Georgia Live oak is a general term for a number of unrelated oaks in several different sections of the genus Quercus that happen to share the character of evergreen foliage. ... Binomial name Pallas, 1780 Synonyms Euarctos americanus The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the most common bear species native to North America. ... For other uses, see Bobcat (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Gray Fox (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Rafinesque, 1817) The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America. ... Binomial name Eumeces gilberti Van Denburgh, 1896 Gilberts Skink (Eumeces gilberti) is a heavy-bodied medium-sized lizard of the family of skinks living in the south-western United States. ... Binomial name Picoides albolarvatus Cassin, 1850 The White-headed Woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus) is a non-migratory woodpecker that resides in pine forests of the mountains of western North America. ... Binomial name Certhia americana Bonaparte, 1838 The Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) is a small songbird, the only North American member of the treecreeper family Certhidae. ... Binomial name Xantus de Vesey, 1860 The Spotted Owl, Strix occidentalis, is a species of owl. ... “Chiroptera” redirects here. ...

Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel on top of Lembert Dome

Going higher in elevation, the coniferous forests become purer stands of Red Fir, Western White Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Lodgepole Pine, and the occasional Foxtail pine. Fewer wildlife species tend to be found in these habitats, due to their higher elevation and lower complexity. Species likely to be found include Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel, Chickaree, Fisher, Steller's Jay, Hermit Thrush, and Northern Goshawk. Reptiles are not common, but include Rubber Boa, western fence lizard, and Northern Alligator Lizard.[35] Image taken in June 2003 by Daniel Mayer. ... Image taken in June 2003 by Daniel Mayer. ... Binomial name Spermophilus lateralis (Say, 1823) The Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) lives in all types of forests across North America. ... FIR may stand for: finite impulse response (a property of some digital filters) far infrared, i. ... Binomial name Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don Western White Pine (Pinus monticola; family Pinaceae) is a species of pine that occurs in the mountains of the western United States and Canada, specifically the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, the Coast Range, and the northern Rocky Mountains. ... Binomial name Pinus jeffreyi Balf. ... Binomial name Pinus contorta Douglas Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) is a common tree in western North America. ... Binomial name Pinus balfouriana Balf. ... Binomial name Spermophilus lateralis (Say, 1823) The Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) lives in all types of forests across North America. ... Binomial name Tamiasciurus douglasii (Bachman, 1839) The Douglas Squirrel, Tamiasciurus douglasii, is a pine squirrel found in the Pacific coastal states and provinces of North America. ... Binomial name (Erxleben, 1777) The fisher is a North American marten, a medium sized mustelid. ... Binomial name (Gmelin, 1788) Stellers Jay range The Stellers Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) is a jay native to western North America, closely related to the Blue Jay found in the rest of the continent, but with a black head and upper body. ... Binomial name Catharus guttatus (Pallas, 1811) The Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttatus, is a medium-sized thrush. ... Binomial name Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus, 1758) The Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis; from OE. góshafuc goose-hawk) is a medium large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards and harriers. ... Binomial name Charina bottae tHIS PAGE IS DEDICATED TO TULLYS COFFEE AND ONLY TULLYS COFFEE!!!!!!! pEACE OUT:) The Southern Rubber Boa (Charina umbratica) is a closely related species found only in Southern California. ... Binomial name Sceloporus occidentalis Baird and Girard, 1852 The Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is the common lizard of much of California. ... Binomial name Elgaria coerulea (Wiegmann, 1828) The Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria coerulea) is a medium-sized lizard that occurs on the North American west coast. ...


As the landscape rises, trees become smaller and more sparse, with stands broken by areas of exposed granite. These include Lodgepole Pine, Whitebark Pine, and Mountain Hemlock that, at highest elevations, give way to vast expanses of granite as treeline is reached. The climate in these habitats is harsh and the growing season is short, but species such as Pika, Yellow-bellied Marmot, White-tailed Jackrabbit, Clark's Nutcracker, and Rosy Finch are adapted to these conditions. Also, the treeless alpine habitats are the areas favored by Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep. This species, however, is now found in the Yosemite area only around Tioga Pass, where a small, reintroduced population exists.[35] For other uses, see granite (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Pinus albicaulis Engelm. ... Binomial name Tsuga mertensiana (Bong. ... Type Species Ochotona minor Link, 1795 (= Lepus dauuricus Pallas, 1776) Species See text The name pika (archaically spelled pica) is used for any member of the Ochotonidae, a family within the order of lagomorphs, which also includes the Leporidae (rabbits and hares). ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Lepus townsendii Bachman, 1839 The White-tailed Jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii), also known as the Prairie Hare and the White Jack, is a hare found in western North America. ... Binomial name Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson, 1811) The Clarks Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), is a large passerine bird, in the family Corvidae. ... Trinomial name Ovis canadensis sierrae (Grinnell, 1912) Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) is a subspecies of Bighorn Sheep. ...


At a variety of elevations, meadows provide important, productive habitat for wildlife. Animals come to feed on the green grasses and use the flowing and standing water found in many meadows. Predators, in turn, are attracted to these areas. The interface between meadow and forest is also favored by many animal species because of the proximity of open areas for foraging and cover for protection. Species that are highly dependent upon meadow habitat include Great Grey Owl, Willow Flycatcher, Yosemite Toad, and Mountain Beaver.[35] Subfamilies There are 7 subfamilies: Subfamily Arundinoideae Subfamily Bambusoideae Subfamily Centothecoideae Subfamily Chloridoideae Subfamily Panicoideae Subfamily Pooideae Subfamily Stipoideae The true grasses are monocotyledonous plants (Class Liliopsida) in the Family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae. ... Predator and Prey redirect here. ... A meadow is a habitat of rolling or flat terrain where grasses predominate. ... Binomial name Strix nebulosa Forster, 1772 The Great Grey Owl or Lapland Owl (Strix nebulosa) is a very large owl. ... Binomial name Empidonax traillii (Audubon, 1828) The Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. ... Binomial name Camp, 1916 The Yosemite Toad (Bufo canorus) is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. ... Binomial name (Rafinesque, 1817) The Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a primitive rodent unrelated to beavers and not usually found in mountainous areas. ...


Management issues

Despite the richness of high-quality habitats in Yosemite, three species have become extinct in the park within historical time, and another 37 species currently have special status under either California or federal endangered species legislation. The most serious current threats to Yosemite's wildlife and the ecosystems they occupy include loss of a natural fire regime, exotic species, air pollution, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. On a more local basis, factors such as road kills and the availability of human food have affected some wildlife species. In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ... The Siberian Tiger is a subspecies of tiger that are critically endangered. ... Sweet clover (Melilotus sp. ... Air pollution is the modification of the natural characteristics of the atmosphere by a chemical, particulate matter, or biological agent. ... Habitat fragmentation is a process of environmental change important in evolution and conservation biology. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 450,000 years For current global climate change, see Global warming. ... Road Kill is a pair of live albums released by Seven Nations in 1998. ...

An American Black Bear breaking into a parked car
An American Black Bear breaking into a parked car

The black bears of Yosemite were once famous for breaking into parked cars to steal food. They were also an encouraged tourist sight for many years at the park's garbage dumps, where bears congregated to eat park visitors' garbage and tourists gathered to photograph the bears. Increasing encounters between bears and humans and increasing damage to property led to an aggressive campaign to discourage bears from relying on human food or interacting with people and their property. The open-air dumps were closed; all trash receptacles were replaced with bear-proof receptacles; all campgrounds were equipped with bear-proof food lockers so that people would not leave food in their vehicles, which were easy targets for the powerful and resourceful bears. Because bears who show aggression towards people usually are eventually destroyed, park personnel have continued to come up with innovative ways to have bears associate humans and their property with unpleasant experiences, such as being hit with rubber bullets. Today, about 30 bears a year are captured and ear-tagged and their DNA is sampled so that, when bear damage occurs, rangers can ascertain which bear is causing the problem.[36] PD NPS image from http://www. ... Binomial name Pallas, 1780 Synonyms Euarctos americanus The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the most common bear species native to North America. ... Landfill can also refer to Land reclamation. ... A captive bear tests a canister Bear-resistant food storage containers, commonly called bear canisters or simply bear cans, are usually hard-sided containers used by backpackers to protect their food from theft by bears. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Non-lethal round. ... Ear tags - also known as sheep tags or cattle tags - were first developed in the early 1913 as a means to identify livestock, specifically cattle, when testing for tuberculosis. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ...


Increasing ozone pollution is causing tissue damage to the massive Giant Sequoia trees in the park. This makes them more vulnerable to insect infestation and disease. Since the cones of these trees require fire-touched soil to germinate, historic fire suppression has reduced these trees' ability to reproduce. The current policy of setting prescribed fires will hopefully help the germination issue. For other uses, see Ozone (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera... This article is about the medical term. ... Mature female European Black Pine cone Male cones of a pine A cone (in formal botanical usage: strobilus, plural strobili) is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures. ... Not to be confused with Gemination in phonetics. ... For other uses, see Wildfire (disambiguation). ... Igniting a controlled burn. ...

Plants such as this Yellow Star Thistle are competing with native plants in Yosemite.
Plants such as this Yellow Star Thistle are competing with native plants in Yosemite.

Yosemite National Park has documented more than 130 non-native plant species within park boundaries. These non-native plants were introduced into Yosemite following the migration of early Euro-American settlers in the late 1850s. Natural and human-caused disturbances, such as wildland fires and construction activities, have contributed to a rapid increase in the spread of non-native plants. A number of these species aggressively invade and displace the native plant communities, resulting in impacts on the park's resources. Non-native plants can bring about significant changes in park ecosystems by altering the native plant communities and the processes that support them. Some non-native species may cause an increase in the fire frequency of an area or increase the available nitrogen in the soil that may allow more non-native plants to become established. Many non-native species, such as Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), are able to produce a long tap root that allows them to out-compete the native plants for available water.[37] Download high resolution version (640x975, 162 KB)Yellow star thistle from http://www. ... Download high resolution version (640x975, 162 KB)Yellow star thistle from http://www. ... Categories: Plant stubs | Asteraceae ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... Territories in the Americas colonized or claimed by a European great power in 1750. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... Categories: Plant stubs | Asteraceae ... A plants taproot is a straight tapering root that grows vertically down. ...


Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare), Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus), and Klamath Weed (Hypericum perforatum) have been identified as noxious pests in Yosemite since the 1940s. Additional species that have been recognized more recently as aggressive and requiring control are Yellow Star Thistle, Sweet Clovers (Melilotus spp.), Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus discolor), Cut-leaved Blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) and Periwinkle (Vinca major).[37] Binomial name Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. ... Binomial name Verbascum thapsus L. The Common Mullein or Great Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) is a dicotyledonous biennial native to Europe and Asia. ... Carpet beetle larvae damaging a specimen of Sceliphron destillatorius in an entomological collection A pest is an organism which has characteristics that are regarded as injurious or unwanted. ... Melilot, also known as Sweet Clover, Melilotus officinalis of the family Papilionaceae is a common grassland plant and as a weed of cultivated ground. ... Himalayian Blackberry or Armenian Blackberry, Rubus armeniacus (syn. ... Himalayian Blackberry or Armenian Blackberry, Rubus armeniacus (syn. ... Periwinkle is a common name of plants in two related genera in the family Apocynaceae: and is largely asociated with the cure for child leukemia Category: ...


Activities

The Yosemite Hybrid Shuttle, Yosemite's free shuttle bus system
The Yosemite Hybrid Shuttle, Yosemite's free shuttle bus system
A open-air tram in the Yosemite Valley

Yosemite Valley is open year-round, but much of the remaining park is closed due to snow in late fall (autumn) and re-opens in mid to late spring. Open-air tours around Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias are available. Many people enjoy short walks and longer hikes to waterfalls in Yosemite Valley, or walks amongst Giant Sequoias in the Mariposa, Tuolumne, or Merced Groves. Others like to drive or take a tour bus to Glacier Point (summer-fall) to see a spectacular view of Yosemite Valley and the high country, or drive along the scenic Tioga Road to Tuolumne Meadows (summer-fall) and go for a walk or hike. Image File history File linksMetadata Yosemite_shuttlebus. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Yosemite_shuttlebus. ... Yosemite park tram in Yosemite National Park photographed by user:Karen Johnson. ... Yosemite park tram in Yosemite National Park photographed by user:Karen Johnson. ... Yosemite Valley with Half Dome in the distance. ... Giant Sequoia in the Mariposa Grove, Yosemite Mariposa Grove is a sequoia grove located near Wawona, California in the southernmost part of Yosemite National Park, at 37°31′ N 119°36′ W. It is the largest grove of Giant Sequoias in the park, with several hundred mature examples of the... Binomial name Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl. ... Glacier Point, as seen from Yosemite Valley. ... JUNCTION POSTMILE 5 ?? 395 ?? Legend Prev Next < Route 119 Route 121 > California State Highways Current - Unconstructed - Deleted - Scenic California State Route 120, in northern California, USA, is the end of the freeways heading east from the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Tuolumne Meadows, as viewed from Lembert Dome Tuolumne Meadows is a gentle, dome-studded meadowy section of the Tuolumne River, in the eastern section of Yosemite National Park. ...


Most park visitors stay just for the day, and only visit locations within Yosemite Valley that are easily accessible by automobile. There is a US$20 per automobile user fee to enter the park[38]. Traffic congestion in the valley is a serious problem during peak season, in summer. A free shuttle bus system operates year-round in the valley, and park rangers encourage people to use this system since parking within the valley during the summer is often nearly impossible to find.[39] USD redirects here. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Mass transit redirects here. ... NPS director Mary Bomar in her park ranger uniform A park ranger is a person charged with protecting and preserving protected parklands, forests (then called a forest ranger), wilderness areas, as well as other natural resources and protected cultural resources. ...


In addition to exploring the natural features of the park, visitors can also learn about the natural and cultural history of Yosemite at a number of facilities in the valley: the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center, the adjoining Yosemite Museum, and the Nature Center at Happy Isles. There are also two National Historic Landmarks: the LeConte Memorial Lodge (Yosemite's first public visitor center), and the world-famous Ahwahnee Hotel. Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now often viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines of integrative organismal biology. ... For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ... The Ahwahnee Hotel is an impressive 80-year-old stone, wood and glass destination hotel in Yosemite National Park California on the floor of Yosemite Valley. ...


Hiking

Over 800 miles (1300 km) of trails are available to hikers[2]—anything from the easy stroll, to the grueling hikes up several park mountains, to multiple-day backpack trips. This article is about backpacking in the wilderness. ...


The park can be divided into 5 sections for the day-user—Yosemite Valley, Wawona/Mariposa Grove/ Glacier Point, Tuolumne Meadows, Hetch Hetchy, and Crane Flat/White Wolf. Numerous books describe park trails, and free information is available from the Park Service in Yosemite. Most park workers strongly encourage guests to experience portions of the park other than Yosemite Valley. An example campsite at the Crane Flat campground. ... White Wolf, Inc. ...


Between late spring and early fall, much of the park is open to multiple-day backpack trips. All overnight trips into the back country require a wilderness permit[40] and most require approved bear-resistant food storage.[41] A captive bear tests a canister Bear-resistant food storage containers, commonly called bear canisters or simply bear cans, are usually hard-sided containers used by backpackers to protect their food from theft by bears. ...


Biking

Bicycle rentals are available in Yosemite Valley spring through fall. Over 12 miles of paved bike paths are available in Yosemite Valley. In addition, bicyclists can ride on regular roads. Helmets are required by law for children under 18 years of age. Off-trail riding and mountain biking are not permitted in Yosemite National Park.[42] Bicycle helmet A bicycle helmet is a helmet intended to be worn while riding a bicycle. ... Mountain biker riding in the Arizona desert. ...


Driving destinations

Further information: List of Yosemite destinations

While some locations in Yosemite require hiking, other locations can be observed via automobile transportation. Driving locations also allow guests to observe the night sky in locations other than their campsite or lodge. All of the roads in Yosemite are scenic, but the most famous is the Tioga Road, typically open from late May or early June through November.[43] A list of Yosemite destinations includes hiking trails and things to see: Further information: Yosemite National Park // Popular hiking trails include:[1] Yosemite Falls Bridalveil Falls Mirror Lake Mist Trail Half Dome Panorama Trail from Glacier Point McGurk Meadow Ostrander Lake Mono Meadow Taft Point Sentinel Dome Chilnualna Fall Alder... JUNCTION POSTMILE 5 ?? 395 ?? Legend Prev Next < Route 119 Route 121 > California State Highways Current - Unconstructed - Deleted - Scenic California State Route 120, in northern California, USA, is the end of the freeways heading east from the San Francisco Bay Area. ...


As an alternative to driving, bicycles are allowed on the roads. However, bicycles are only allowed off-road on 12 miles of paved trails in Yosemite Valley itself; mountain biking is not allowed.[44]


Climbing

Rock climbing is an important part of Yosemite.[45] Camp 4—a walk-in campground in Yosemite Valley—was instrumental in the development of rock climbing as a sport, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[46] Climbers can generally be spotted in the snow-free months on anything from ten-foot-high (3 m) boulders to the 3,300 foot (1 km) face of El Capitan. Classes are offered by numerous groups on rock climbing. Climbers on Valkyrie at the Roaches. ... Camp 4, officially known as Sunnyside Walk-in Campground, is a campground in Yosemite National Park. ... A typical plaque showing entry on the National Register of Historic Places. ... El Capitan is a 3,000-foot (1000m) vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. ...


Winter activities

A ranger-guided snowshoe walk in the park

Many of the roads in the park close due to heavy snow in winter; however, Yosemite Valley is open all year long. Downhill skiing is available at the Badger Pass Ski Area—the oldest downhill skiing area in California, offering downhill skiing from mid-December through early April.[47] Much of the park is open to cross-country skiing and snowshoeing, with several backcountry ski huts open for use.[48][49] Wilderness permits are required for backcountry overnight ski trips.[40] United States National Park Service photo of snowshoeing in Yosemite National Park Source URL: http://photo. ... United States National Park Service photo of snowshoeing in Yosemite National Park Source URL: http://photo. ... For other uses, see Snowshoe (disambiguation). ... Alpine skiing (or downhill skiing) is a recreational activity and sport involving sliding down snow-covered hills with long, thin skis attached to each foot. ... Badger Pass Ski Area is an area designed for skiing located in Yosemite National Park. ... Tartu Marathon 2006 cross-country ski race in Estonia. ... For other uses, see Snowshoe (disambiguation). ...


The Bracebridge dinner is an annual holiday event, held since 1927 at the Ahwahnee Hotel, inspired by Washington Irving's descriptions of Squire Bracebridge and English Christmas traditions of the 1700s in his Sketch Book. Between 1929 and 1973, the show was organized by Ansel Adams.[50] Bracebridge dinner is an annual Christmas event held at Yosemites Ahwahnee Hotel. ... The Ahwahnee Hotel is an impressive 80-year-old stone, wood and glass destination hotel in Yosemite National Park California on the floor of Yosemite Valley. ... Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American author of the early 19th century. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Christmas (disambiguation). ... Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. ...

Panorama from Glacier Point

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 160 pixels Full resolution (1920 × 385 pixel, file size: 218 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Taken from Glacier point in Yosemite National Park, California. ...

See also

The exposed geology of the Yosemite area includes primarily granitic rocks with some older metamorphic rock. ... The known history of the Yosemite area started with Ahwahnechee and Paiute peoples who inhabited the central Sierra Nevada region of California that now includes Yosemite National Park. ... The following is a partial list of guidebooks about the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Please see Sierra Nevada for more information. ... This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ... Yosemite Valley with Half Dome in the distance. ...

Notes

  1. ^ Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed), p. 324.
  2. ^ a b c d e Nature & History. United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (October 13, 2006). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  3. ^ Yosemite Wilderness. United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on March 15, 2008.
  4. ^ a b History & Culture. United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  5. ^ a b Nature & Science. United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  6. ^ a b c Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed), page 329
  7. ^ Geology: The Making of the Landscape. United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  8. ^ Geological Survey Professional Paper 160: Geologic History of the Yosemite Valley - The Sierra Block. United States Geological Survey (November 28, 2006). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  9. ^ Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 331.
  10. ^ a b Kiver, Geology of U.S. Parklands (5th ed.), p. 220.
  11. ^ a b Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 332.
  12. ^ a b Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 340.
  13. ^ a b Kiver, Geology of U.S. Parklands (5th ed), page 227
  14. ^ a b Water Overview. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  15. ^ Hydrology and Watersheds. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  16. ^ Wetland Vegetation. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  17. ^ a b Kiver, Geology of U.S. Parklands (5th ed.), p. 228.
  18. ^ Wuerthner, Yosemite: A Visitor's Companion (1st ed.), p. 8.
  19. ^ a b Climate. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  20. ^ a b Bunnell, Lafayette H. (1892). Discovery of the Yosemite and the Indian War of 1851 Which Led to That Event. F.H. Revell. Retrieved on January 27, 2007. ISBN 0-93966-658-8.
  21. ^ a b c Harris, Geology of the National Parks (5th ed.), p. 326.
  22. ^ Anderson, Daniel E. (July 2005). Origin of the Word Yosemite. The Yosemite Web. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  23. ^ Schaffer, Yosemite National Park (4th ed.), p. 46.
  24. ^ a b c Schaffer, Yosemite National Park (4th ed.), p. 48.
  25. ^ a b Schaffer, Yosemite National Park (4th ed.), p. 49.
  26. ^ a b Schaffer, Yosemite National Park (4th ed.), p. 50.
  27. ^ Schaffer, Yosemite National Park (4th ed.), p. 52.
  28. ^ National Park Service, Yosemite: Official National Park Handbook, p. 117.
  29. ^ Schaffer, Yosemite National Park (4th ed.), p. 51.
  30. ^ 98th U.S. Congress (1994). PUBLIC LAW. 98-425. Retrieved on 2007-02-09.
  31. ^ a b Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 328.
  32. ^ Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 337.
  33. ^ a b Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 339.
  34. ^ Harris, Geology of National Parks (5th ed.), p. 333.
  35. ^ a b c d e Wildlife Overview. National Park Service: Yosemite Park Service (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  36. ^ "DNA to Help Identify "Problem" Bears at Yosemite", National Geographic, April 23, 2001. Retrieved on January 4. 
  37. ^ a b Exotic Plants. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 4, 2007.
  38. ^ Fees and Reservations. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on October 27, 2007.
  39. ^ Yosemite Valley Shuttle Bus. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (September 21, 2006). Retrieved on January 4, 2007.
  40. ^ a b Roberts, Hayes (January 17, 2006). Permits. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  41. ^ Roberts, Hayes (January 9, 2007). Food storage. National Park Service: National Park Service. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  42. ^ Plan Your Visit. Yosemite National Park. U.S. National Park Service.
  43. ^ Auto Touring. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (December 22, 2004). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  44. ^ Biking. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (September 21, 2006). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  45. ^ Roberts, Hayes (May 10, 2006). Climbing. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  46. ^ National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (February 27, 2003). "Camp 4 Listed With National Register of Historic Places". Press release. Retrieved on January 27.
  47. ^ Skiing. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (September 21, 2006). Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  48. ^ Tuolumne Meadows Winter Conditions Update. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  49. ^ Roberts, Hayes (December 22, 2004). Winter Wilderness Travel. National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. Retrieved on January 27, 2007.
  50. ^ "Ansel Adams' love of Yosemite lives", The Cincinnati Enquirer, December 26, 2006. Retrieved on January 27. 

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Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

  • Harris, Ann G. Geology of National Parks: Fifth Edition. (Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing; 1998) ISBN 0-7872-5353-7.
  • Kiver, Eugene P. and David V. Harris. Geology of U.S. Parklands: Fifth Edition. (Jonh Wiley & Sons; New York; 1999) ISBN 0-471-33218-6.
  • National Park Service: Yosemite National Park (adapted public domain text)
  • Schaffer, Jeffrey P. Yosemite National Park: A Natural History Guide to Yosemite and Its Trails. (Wilderness Press, Berkeley; 1999) ISBN 0-89997-244-6.
  • Wuerthner, George. Yosemite: A Visitor's Companion. (Stackpole Books; 1994) ISBN 0-8117-2598-7.
  • Yosemite: Official National Park Service Handbook (no. 138), Division of Publications, National Park Service.

The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

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