Background
Australia is the 6th largest nation on earth, with a surface area of 7.7 million sq km, and the largest island nation. As an island, it has no land borders, but its nearest neighbors are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, and New Zealand to the south east. The majority of its 21.8 million population lives on Australia’s east coast, though its capital , Canberra has a small share of just 300,000 inhabitants. Sydney is the most populated city , with 4.3 million citizens.
Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
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