Background
Canada is the 2nd largest nation with the world, with a surface area of almost 10 million sq km. It has just one neighbour, the US, which it borders on two fronts, the south (6,418km) and the the US state of Alaska in the west (2,477km). Its total of 8,893km is the longest land border between two nations in the world. Despite its size, it has a most population of just 34 million, 2.5 million of which live in the largest city Toronto. Its capital city , Ottawa, has just over 800,000 inhabitants.
In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over a 12-year period.
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