Background
Japan isolated itself from the rest of the world before opening its ports to the US for trade in the 1840s. Since its defeat to the Allies in WWII, however, Japan has grown to become a major international power, both economically and culturally. An archipelago of over 6,800 islands, Japan has a total surface area of 377,910 sq km, making it the 61st largest country on earth. However, its population total is over 126.5 million, making it the 11th most populous nation. Its capital, Tokyo, is the largest capital city in the world, with some 12.5 million citizens.
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. Following a peaceful democratic revolution, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000, but 2004 elections reduced MPRP representation and, therefore, its authority.
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