Background
Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA is now in his second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006.
The Netherlands is also popularly known as Holland, and is one of the old kingdom nations of Europe. It’s west and north costs face onto the North Sea, with its eastern border meeting Germany (577km) and its southern border shared with Belgium (450km). Interestingly, its official capital is Amsterdam, also its most populated city with 724,000 inhabitants, but its administrative capital is The Hague, a city of a little more than half the size.
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