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Areas under protection	96		[46th of 146]
Carbon efficiency	1 CO2 emissions/$ GDP		[80th of 141]
DEFINITION: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP) Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
CO2 Emissions	1,224,740		[4th of 178]
DEFINITION: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
SOURCE: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
Coral reefs > Area	2,900 sq km		[9th of 28]
DEFINITION: Reef areas have been rounded to the nearest 10 sq km, while for those countries with small areas of coral reefs, the terms less than 100, less than 50 and less than 10 sq km have been used. There are 80 countries and geographical locations with coral ree
SOURCE: World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
Ecological footprint	5.94		[20th of 141]
DEFINITION: Ecological footprint per capita Units: Hectares per Person
SOURCE: World Atlas of Coral Reefs accessible via United Nations Environment Program
Endangered species protection	89.5%		[31st of 141]
DEFINITION: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met Units: Percent of Requirements Met Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
SOURCE: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.
Forest area > % of land area	68.22 % of land area		[14th of 195]
DEFINITION: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.		View time series
SOURCE: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000
Known mammal species	188		[48th of 145]
DEFINITION: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Municipal waste generation	410 kgs per person per year		[17th of 17]
DEFINITION: Kilograms of municipal waste generated per year (2000).
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	315,274		[3rd of 199]
DEFINITION: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Data Compendium: 2002
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000	314		[4th of 25]
DEFINITION: Includes carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and the flaring of natural gas.
SOURCE: Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide per capita	9		[12th of 29]
DEFINITION: Tons of Carbon Dioxide produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year. Carbon dioxide from energy use only. Excludes international marine bunkers.
SOURCE: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual, 2002, and International Energy Outlook, 2001
Pollution > Municipal Waste per capita	400		[21st of 29]
DEFINITION: Municipal waste is that which is collected and treated by or for municipalities: household waste and bulky waste as well as comparable waste from small communities or industrial enterprises; and market and garden residue.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Pollution > Nuclear waste	964		[4th of 16]
DEFINITION: Wastes from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal. Data for 1998 or latest available year.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Protected area	6.8		[60th of 147]
DEFINITION: Environmentally protected area (1997)
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Threatened species	132		[9th of 158]
DEFINITION: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
SOURCE: Jacaranda Atlas
Waste generation	270 kgs per person per year		[15th of 16]
DEFINITION: Kilograms of waste generated per person per year ( 2000).
SOURCE: United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook
Water > Availability	2.6 thousand cubic metres		[73rd of 141]
DEFINITION: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.)) Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Data Compendium: 2002
Water > Freshwater pollution	4.27 tons/cubic km		[13th of 69]
DEFINITION: Industrial organic pollutants per available freshwater Units: Metric Tons of BOD Emissions per Cubic Km of Water Units: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. The data from the World Bank, which represented BOD emissions (kilograms per day) were normalized by the combination of water availability per capita and water inflow availability per capita from the WaterGap2.1 model. In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
SOURCE: Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org
Wildness	0.06%		[104th of 141]
DEFINITION: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact Units: Percent of Land Area Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001 (for BOD emissions)and Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 (for data on waterquantity). via ciesin.org

Interesting facts on Japanese Environment

• Japan\'s water has a very high dissolved oxygen concentration - but not enough to prevent drowning in the bath.

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