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Acidification	1.19%		[41st of 141]
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.22 % of GNI		[131st of 179]
DEFINITION: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.		View time series
SOURCE: Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Acidification in Developing Countries: Ecosystem Sensitivity and the Critical Loads Approach at the Global scale, 2000 via ciesin.org
Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.1 % of GNI		[134th of 165]
DEFINITION: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Areas under protection	270		[26th of 146]
DEFINITION: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Biosphere reserves area	770 thousand hectares		[41st of 86]
DEFINITION: Biosphere reserves area 2002.
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
Breeding birds threatened	1.21%		[107th of 136]
DEFINITION: Percentage of breeding birds threatened Units: Percent of Breeding Birds Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
Carbon efficiency	1.28 CO2 emissions/$ GDP		[62nd of 141]
DEFINITION: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP) Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
SOURCE: 2000 IUCN Red List, and World Resources Institute,World Resources 2000-2001, Washington, DC: WRI, 2000. Original sources: World Conservation Monitoring Center, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other sources.
CO2 Emissions	56,618.7		[48th of 178]
DEFINITION: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
SOURCE: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
CO2 emissions > kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.48 kg/PPP$		[47th of 170]
DEFINITION: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.		View time series
SOURCE: World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
CO2 emissions > kt	67,835.09 kt		[45th of 195]
DEFINITION: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Ecological footprint	8.45		[8th of 141]
DEFINITION: Ecological footprint per capita Units: Hectares per Person
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Endangered species protection	82.6%		[51st of 141]
DEFINITION: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met Units: Percent of Requirements Met Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
SOURCE: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.
Environmental agreement compliance	6.72		[1st of 70]
DEFINITION: Compliance with environmental agreements (WEF survey) Units: Survey Responses Ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 Units: Response to the statement: "Compliance with international environmental agreements is a high priority.
SOURCE: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Report on National Reports Required Under Article VIII, Paragraph 7(a), of the Convention, Eleventh Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, Gigiri, Kenya, April 2000
Expenditure pollution control as % of GDP	1.1 % of GDP		[10th of 17]
DEFINITION: Expenditure on pollution controland abatement as % of GDP, 1999 .
SOURCE: Michael E. Porter et al, The Global Competitveness Report 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. via ciesin.org
Fertiliser consumption	1,407.48 hundred grams/hectare		[40th of 141]
DEFINITION: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Indicators, p. 104. See also Myriam Linster and Frederique Zegel, 'Pollution Abatement and Control in OECD Countries', OECD Working Group on Environmental Information and Outlooks at www.oecd.org
Forest area > % of land area	73.87 % of land area		[9th of 195]
DEFINITION: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.		View time series
SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org
Forest area > sq. km	225,000 km²		[25th of 195]
DEFINITION: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Groundwater withdrawals	47.8		[68th of 188]
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Known breeding bird species	243		[44th of 146]
DEFINITION: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
Known mammal species	60		[128th of 145]
DEFINITION: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
Known reptile species	5		[15th of 18]
DEFINITION: Number of known species of reptiles.
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
Marine areas under protection	3		[62nd of 95]
DEFINITION: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
SOURCE: World Resources: A Report by the World Resources Institute and the International Institute for Environment and Development
Marine fish catch	104,058 tons		[55th of 141]
DEFINITION: Total marine fish catch Units: Metric Tons
SOURCE: World Resources Institute
Municipal waste generation	460 kgs per person per year		[15th of 17]
DEFINITION: Kilograms of municipal waste generated per year (2000).
SOURCE: FAOSTAT on-line database
Municipal waste treatment expenditure	$8.00		[18th of 18]
DEFINITION: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person).
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Data Compendium: 2002
Non-wildness	3.7%		[66th of 141]
DEFINITION: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact Units: Percent of Land Area Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2002
NOx emissions per populated area	0.19 thousand metric tons/squ		[90th of 141]
DEFINITION: NOx emissions per populated land area Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
SOURCE: Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org
Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions > kg per day	67,447.2 kg/day		[20th of 115]
DEFINITION: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE
Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions > kg per day per worker	0.16 kg per day per worker		[35th of 115]
DEFINITION: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
PM10, country level > micrograms per cubic meter	19.14 mcg/m³		[150th of 185]
DEFINITION: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	15,932		[45th of 199]
DEFINITION: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide per capita	12		[6th of 29]
DEFINITION: Tons of Carbon Dioxide produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year. Carbon dioxide from energy use only. Excludes international marine bunkers.
SOURCE: Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication
Pollution > Municipal Waste per capita	410		[20th of 29]
DEFINITION: Municipal waste is that which is collected and treated by or for municipalities: household waste and bulky waste as well as comparable waste from small communities or industrial enterprises; and market and garden residue.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Pollution > Nitrogen Oxides per capita	51		[5th of 29]
DEFINITION: Kilogram weight of Nitrogen Oxides produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Pollution > Nuclear waste	71		[11th of 16]
DEFINITION: Wastes from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal. Data for 1998 or latest available year.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Pollution > Nuclear waste efficiency	2.2		[9th of 16]
DEFINITION: This is the amount of nuclear waste produced per unit of energy obtained. Energy obtained is measured in units equivalent to the energy obtained from using one million tons of oil. Data from 1998 or latest available year. "Nuclear Waste" is waste from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
Pollution > Nuclear waste per capita	13.3		[5th of 16]
DEFINITION: Per capita wastes from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium, 1999
Protected area	6		[71st of 147]
DEFINITION: Environmentally protected area (1997)
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium
SO2 emissions per populated area	1,480 thousand metric tons/squ		[43rd of 141]
DEFINITION: SO2 emissions per populated land area Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
SOURCE: Jacaranda Atlas
SO2 exports	245 hundred metric tons		[123rd of 141]
DEFINITION: S02 exports Units: 100 Metric Tons
SOURCE: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE
Sustainability-satisfying companies	84.9%		[1st of 31]
DEFINITION: Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index: percent of eligible companies in index Units: Percentage Units: For each country, the number of companies in the Sustainability Index was divided by the number of companies in the Global Index.
SOURCE: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, RAINS-ASIA and Co-operative Programme formonitoring and evaluation of the long range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) via ciesin.org
Threatened species	17		[104th of 158]
DEFINITION: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
SOURCE: Assessment of the Country Allocation of the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index, SAM SustainabilityGroup via ciesin.org
Threatened species > Mammal	4		[140th of 160]
DEFINITION: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
SOURCE: United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook
Total renewable water resources	110 cu km		[10th of 31]
SOURCE: Jacaranda Atlas		View time series
Urban NO2 concentration	30.69 micrograms/m3		[119th of 141]
DEFINITION: Urban NO2 concentration Units: Micrograms/m3 Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
SOURCE: All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008
Urban SO2 concentration	4.38 micrograms/m3		[137th of 141]
DEFINITION: Urban SO2 concentration Units: Micrograms/m3 Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
SOURCE: World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org
Waste generation	190 kgs per person per year		[16th of 16]
DEFINITION: Kilograms of waste generated per person per year ( 2000).
SOURCE: World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org
Waste water treatment expenditure	$52.20		[11th of 15]
DEFINITION: Annual spending on waste water treatment (USD per person) per year (2000).
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Data Compendium: 2002
Water > Availability	18.01 thousand cubic metres		[30th of 141]
DEFINITION: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.)) Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
SOURCE: OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2003
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	11.19 mls/litre		[2nd of 141]
DEFINITION: Dissolved oxygen concentration Units: Milligrams/Liter Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
SOURCE: Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGAP 2.1B, 2001 via ciesin.org
Water > Freshwater pollution	0.61 tons/cubic km		[40th of 69]
DEFINITION: Industrial organic pollutants per available freshwater Units: Metric Tons of BOD Emissions per Cubic Km of Water Units: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. The data from the World Bank, which represented BOD emissions (kilograms per day) were normalized by the combination of water availability per capita and water inflow availability per capita from the WaterGap2.1 model. In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
SOURCE: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.01 mls/litre		[138th of 141]
DEFINITION: Phosphorus concentration Units: Milligrams/Liter Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001 (for BOD emissions)and Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 (for data on waterquantity). via ciesin.org
Water > Salinisation	50.49		[139th of 141]
DEFINITION: Electrical conductivity Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
SOURCE: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001
Water > Severe water stress	2.1		[76th of 140]
DEFINITION: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress Units: Percent of Land Area Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
SOURCE: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen,R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001
Water > Suspended solids	1.17 mls/litre		[141st of 141]
DEFINITION: Suspended solids Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
SOURCE: Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, WaterGap 2.1, 2000 via ciesin.org
Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.56 %		[35th of 114]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001
Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.17 %		[38th of 112]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions	26.57 %		[44th of 114]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	8.69 %		[16th of 94]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions	10.63 %		[9th of 107]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	40.1 %		[6th of 111]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	2.35 %		[49th of 114]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	3.93 %		[15th of 114]
DEFINITION: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.		View time series
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Wetlands of intl importance > Area	139 thousand hectares		[59th of 112]
DEFINITION: Wetlands of international importance 2002
SOURCE: World Development Indicators database
Wildness	30.04%		[38th of 141]
DEFINITION: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact Units: Percent of Land Area Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
SOURCE: World Resources Institute

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