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Armed forces personnel	64,000		[53rd of 166]
Armed forces personnel (per capita)	4.21441 per 1,000 people		[66th of 166]
Arms exports > constant 1990 US$	5,000,000 constant 1990 US$		[37th of 45]
Arms exports > constant 1990 US$ (per capita)	0.333 constant 1990 US$ per 1		[38th of 83]
Arms imports > constant 1990 US$	68,000,000 constant 1990 US$		[43rd of 100]
Arms imports > constant 1990 US$ (per capita)	4.49 constant 1990 US$ per c		[35th of 170]
Branches Ground Forces, Naval Force, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty > Signatures and Ratifications > Ratification	14 MAY 2002
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty > Signatures and Ratifications > Signature	30 SEP 1996
Conscription Conscription exists
Conventional arms exports	$5,000,000.00		[35th of 40]
Conventional arms exports (per $ GDP)	0.042 per $1,000		[29th of 40]
Conventional arms exports (per capita)	0.329 per 1 population		[29th of 40]
Conventional arms imports	$27,000,000.00		[53rd of 85]
Conventional arms imports (per $ GDP)	0.228 per $1,000		[55th of 85]
Conventional arms imports (per capita)	1.778 per 1 population		[52nd of 85]
Employment in arms production	20,000		[28th of 56]
Employment in arms production (per capita)	1,317 per 1 million people		[22nd of 56]
expenditure > % of central government expenditure	5.83 %		[30th of 88]
expenditure > % of GDP	1.06 %		[88th of 145]
expenditure > current LCU	80771000000
Expenditures > Dollar figure	$221,800,000.00		[26th of 111]
Expenditures > Dollar figure (per $ GDP)	$9.00 per 1,000 $ of GDP		[56th of 111]
Expenditures > Dollar figure (per capita)	$14.93 per capita		[37th of 111]
Expenditures > Percent of GDP	1.5%		[62nd of 154]
Iraq Coalition casualties	1		[18th of 18]
Iraq Coalition casualties (per capita)	0.659 per 10 million people		[17th of 18]
Manpower > Availability > Females	4,219,636		[55th of 162]
Manpower > Availability > Males	4,176,731		[60th of 210]
Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49	4,580,750		[54th of 175]
Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49	4,233,623		[56th of 175]
Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 (per capita)	0.282 per capita		[32nd of 175]
Manpower > Availability > Males age 15-49 (per capita)	301.643 per 1,000 people		[7th of 174]
Manpower > Fit for military service > Females	3,551,032		[52nd of 162]
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males	2,871,205		[59th of 210]
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males age 15-49	3,381,606		[51st of 174]
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males age 15-49	3,658,820		[46th of 174]
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males age 15-49 (per capita)	0.225 per capita		[8th of 174]
Manpower > Fit for military service > Males age 15-49 (per capita)	240.933 per 1,000 people		[2nd of 173]
Manpower > Military age	18 years of age
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females	140,149		[65th of 226]
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Females (per capita)	9.136 per 1,000 people		[120th of 225]
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males	145,495		[64th of 226]
Manpower > Reaching military age annually > Males (per capita)	9.484 per 1,000 people		[119th of 225]
Manpower available for military service > Females age 18-49	3,822,845		[36th of 120]
Manpower available for military service > Females age 18-49 (per capita)	0.25 per capita		[14th of 120]
Manpower available for military service > Males age 18-49	3,758,255		[41st of 164]
Manpower available for military service > Males age 18-49 (per capita)	0.246 per capita		[38th of 164]
Manpower fit for military service > Females age 18-49	3,168,048		[32nd of 119]
Manpower fit for military service > Females age 18-49 (per capita)	0.207 per capita		[12th of 119]
Manpower fit for military service > Males age 18-49	2,473,529		[39th of 161]
Manpower fit for military service > Males age 18-49 (per capita)	0.162 per capita		[93rd of 161]
Manpower reaching military service age annually > Females age 18-49	168,697		[35th of 91]
Manpower reaching military service age annually > Males age 18-49	173,129		[51st of 157]
NATO > Membership Action Plan > Partnership for Peace	May 1994
personnel	101,000		[54th of 170]
personnel (per capita)	6.668 per 1,000 people		[52nd of 171]
personnel > % of total labor force	1.24 %		[63rd of 168]
Service age and obligation 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; minimum age for volunteers NA
US military exports	$295.00 thousand		[74th of 109]
US military exports (per capita)	$0.02 thousand per 1,000 peopl		[89th of 109]
Weapon holdings	3,252,000		[29th of 137]
Weapon holdings (per capita)	214,145 per 1 million people		[31st of 137]
WMD > Biological Kazakhstan has not declared an official policy against biological warfare (BW); it has not signed the Biological Toxin and Weapons Convention (BWC); and it is not a member of the Australia Group. Kazakh President Nazarbayev has, however, declared Kazakhstan's commitment to BW nonproliferation and associated technologies. In 1993, Kazakhstan created a civilian body, the National Center for Biotechnology, to oversee the administration of most of the former BW facilities in Kazakhstan. These facilities include the following: Biomedpreparat, a large-scale biological production facility located in Stepnogorsk; the Scientific Research Agricultural Institute (SRAI) at Otar, which specializes in crop and livestock diseases; and Biokombinat, a small mobilization production facility located in Almaty, which now produces vaccines. The Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Infections (KSCQZI) (formerly known as the Central Asian Anti-Plague Research Institute) was also involved in the Soviet defensive BW system and is now under the jurisdiction of the Kazakh Ministry of Health. Both KSCQZI and SRAI house extensive collections of virulent strains of human, animal, and plant pathogens. Under the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program, Biomedpreparat has been dismantled and safety and security have been upgraded at KSCQZI and SRAI. In December 2004, the United States and Kazakhstan signed an amendment to a bilateral agreement that will expand cooperation against the threat of bioterrorism through the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. The goal of U.S.-Kazakhstan cooperation in this area is to counter the threat of bioterrorism and prevent proliferation of biological weapons technology, pathogens, and expertise at their source.
WMD > Chemical Kazakhstan inherited one known chemical weapons production plant in the city of Pavlodar. This plant probably was designed to replace aging plants in Volgograd and Novocheboksarsk (Russia) for the production of the binary agent "novichok." The plant's construction was halted in 1987, after the Soviet Union became involved in CWC-related negotiations, so it never produced any chemical warfare agents. Kazakhstan joined the CWC in March 2000. However, Kazakhstan submitted a nil declaration, leaving out the Pavlodar facility.
WMD > Missile Kazakhstan inherited 104 SS-18 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) from the Soviet missile complex. All ICBMs were transferred to Russia for dismantlement by September 1996 and missile silos and silo structures were destroyed under the U.S. Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program by September 1999. Gidromash, an Almaty-based Soviet-era producer of submarine-launched missiles, was converted to a civilian commercial enterprise under CTR's Industrial Partnerships Program.
WMD > Nuclear When the Soviet Union collapsed in December 1991, Kazakhstan inherited 1,410 nuclear warheads and the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapon test site. Kazakhstan transferred all of these nuclear warheads to Russia by April 1995 and destroyed the nuclear testing infrastructure at Semipalatinsk by July 2000. Weapons-grade nuclear material remains in Kazakhstan, however, including three metric tons of plutonium at a shutdown breeder reactor in western Kazakhstan and small amounts of highly enriched uranium (HEU) at two nuclear research institutes. Approximately 600 kilograms of weapons-grade HEU was removed to the United States from the Ulba Metallurgy Plant in 1994 under a joint U.S.-Kazakhstani operation known as Project Sapphire. Kazakhstan is a party to START-I, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). It signed an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency in February 2004 and is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group.
WMD > Overview Kazakhstan inherited nuclear-tipped missiles, a nuclear weapon test site, and biological and chemical weapon production facilities when the Soviet Union collapsed. In its first decade of independence, Kazakhstan dismantled and destroyed Soviet weapons systems and facilities left on its territory and signed major international nonproliferation treaties.

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