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Education Stats: compare key data on Canada & Macau

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Definitions

  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Researchers in R&D > Per million people: Researchers in R&D (per million people). Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Services, etc., value added > % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (% of GDP). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
  • Primary education, teachers > % female: Primary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Primary is the number of female teachers at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary education, teachers > % female: Tertiary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Tertiary is the number of female teachers at the tertiary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the tertiary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure: Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure). Public expenditure on education as % of total government expenditure is the total public education expenditure (current and capital) expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure for all sectors in a given financial year. Public education expenditure includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Labor force with secondary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with secondary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
  • Persistence to grade 5 > Male > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education, pupils > % female: Secondary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. All programmes is the number of female students enrolled in all secondary education programmes expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Public spending on education > Total > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education plus subsidies to private education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
  • Unemployment with primary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with secondary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
STAT Canada Macau HISTORY
Children out of school, primary 1,892
Ranked 100th.
3,887
Ranked 97th. 2 times more than Canada

Children out of school, primary per 1000 0.0615
Ranked 118th.
7.66
Ranked 48th. 125 times more than Canada

Children out of school, primary, female 1,762
Ranked 86th.
1,891
Ranked 90th. 7% more than Canada

Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 0.0578
Ranked 104th.
3.73
Ranked 47th. 64 times more than Canada

College and university > Gender parity index 1.34
Ranked 28th. 37% more than Macau
0.975
Ranked 60th.

College and university > Share of total education spending 35.39%
Ranked 4th.
59.53%
Ranked 1st. 68% more than Canada

Compulsary education duration 11
Ranked 47th. 10% more than Macau
10
Ranked 34th.

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 5.5%
Ranked 44th. 2 times more than Macau
2.68%
Ranked 53th.

Literacy > Female 99%
Ranked 29th. 8% more than Macau
92%
Ranked 65th.

Literacy > Total population 99%
Ranked 30th. 5% more than Macau
94.5%
Ranked 59th.

Primary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 145th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 68th.

Primary education, teachers per 1000 4.58
Ranked 75th. 59% more than Macau
2.88
Ranked 66th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 17.42
Ranked 113th. 24% more than Macau
14.1
Ranked 65th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 18.8
Ranked 21st. 30% more than Macau
14.41
Ranked 28th.

Secondary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 164th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 112th.

Child care (preschool) > Duration 2
Ranked 191st.
3
Ranked 67th. 50% more than Canada

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 4.76 per 1,000 people
Ranked 70th. 5% more than Macau
4.51 per 1,000 people
Ranked 37th.

Duration of compulsory education 11 years
Ranked 32nd. 10% more than Macau
10 years
Ranked 45th.
Secondary education, pupils 2.61 million
Ranked 35th. 73 times more than Macau
35,726
Ranked 63th.

College and university > Private school share 0.0
Ranked 64th.
62.97%
Ranked 18th.

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 1
Ranked 45th. 9% more than Macau
0.92
Ranked 118th.

Primary education, pupils 2.17 million
Ranked 48th. 96 times more than Macau
22,646
Ranked 80th.

Primary education, teachers 141,045
Ranked 29th. 88 times more than Macau
1,606
Ranked 68th.

Tertiary enrollment 60%
Ranked 1st. 15% more than Macau
52.1%
Ranked 20th.
Compulsary education starting age 6
Ranked 143th. 20% more than Macau
5
Ranked 90th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.634
Ranked 49th.
25.87
Ranked 11th. 41 times more than Canada

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 4
Ranked 49th. 33% more than Macau
3
Ranked 83th.

Literacy > Male 99%
Ranked 39th. 2% more than Macau
97.2%
Ranked 49th.

High school > Private school share 7.2%
Ranked 90th.
95.52%
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Canada

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 17.42
Ranked 123th.
23.24
Ranked 56th. 33% more than Canada

Child care (preschool) > Starting age 4
Ranked 63th. 33% more than Macau
3
Ranked 126th.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 45,693.45
Ranked 15th. 26 times more than Macau
1,787.5
Ranked 156th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 1.19 million
Ranked 21st. 45 times more than Macau
26,272
Ranked 99th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 524
Ranked 4th. 8% more than Macau
487
Ranked 26th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 6
Ranked 154th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 74th.

Children out of school > Primary 12,419
Ranked 69th. 4 times more than Macau
3,192
Ranked 55th.

Secondary education, teachers 126,098
Ranked 8th. 51 times more than Macau
2,480
Ranked 33th.

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 4.17
Ranked 13th.
4.45
Ranked 20th. 7% more than Canada

Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 17.72
Ranked 70th. 6% more than Macau
16.7
Ranked 29th.

High school > Lower secondary school duration 2
Ranked 204th.
3
Ranked 121st. 50% more than Canada

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 0.116
Ranked 99th.
3.93
Ranked 48th. 34 times more than Canada

Secondary education, general pupils 2.65 million
Ranked 8th. 78 times more than Macau
34,125
Ranked 76th.

High school > Gender parity index 0.979
Ranked 94th. 6% more than Macau
0.925
Ranked 76th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 524
Ranked 4th. 8% more than Macau
487
Ranked 26th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 517
Ranked 7th. 5% more than Macau
493
Ranked 22nd.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 41%
Ranked 1st. 17% more than Macau
35%
Ranked 51st.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 2.53%
Ranked 86th.
5.86%
Ranked 53th. 2 times more than Canada

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 38.37
Ranked 27th.
59.15
Ranked 3rd. 54% more than Canada

Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 6
Ranked 179th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 99th.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 12.5%
Ranked 58th.
14%
Ranked 43th. 12% more than Canada

Children out of school, primary, male 3,523
Ranked 78th. 77% more than Macau
1,996
Ranked 88th.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 5.4%
Ranked 47th. 80% more than Macau
3%
Ranked 102nd.

High school > Students per teacher 18.8
Ranked 21st. 30% more than Macau
14.41
Ranked 28th.

Secondary education > General pupils 2.61 million
Ranked 29th. 59 times more than Macau
44,129
Ranked 78th.

Secondary school starting age > Years 12
Ranked 135th. The same as Macau
12
Ranked 76th.

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 4.54 per 1,000 people
Ranked 86th. 30% more than Macau
3.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level 2.48 million
Ranked 49th. 59 times more than Macau
41,917
Ranked 149th.

Primary education, pupils per 1000 63.53
Ranked 124th. 56% more than Macau
40.67
Ranked 83th.

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 76.53
Ranked 92nd. 19% more than Macau
64.17
Ranked 51st.

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.36
Ranked 36th. 86% more than Macau
0.73
Ranked 74th.

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.98
Ranked 109th.
1.04
Ranked 42nd. 6% more than Canada

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 38.37 per 1,000 people
Ranked 27th.
58.22 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd. 52% more than Canada

Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 1.33
Ranked 101st.
3.27
Ranked 59th. 2 times more than Canada

Children out of school > Primary per 1000 0.4
Ranked 108th.
6.82
Ranked 47th. 17 times more than Canada

Primary education > Duration > Years 6 years
Ranked 143th. The same as Macau
6 years
Ranked 67th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $22,866.96
Ranked 13th. 45% more than Macau
$15,808.54
Ranked 27th.
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 87.49
Ranked 7th. 43% more than Macau
61.29
Ranked 56th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 522
Ranked 4th. 7% more than Macau
488
Ranked 27th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 6.12%
Ranked 90th.
97.39%
Ranked 1st. 16 times more than Canada

High school > Lower secondary starting age 12
Ranked 138th. The same as Macau
12
Ranked 77th.

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 99%
Ranked 27th. 9% more than Macau
91%
Ranked 85th.

Duration of education > Secondary level 6
Ranked 136th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 91st.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level 46.1
Ranked 34th. 21% more than Macau
38
Ranked 14th.
Secondary education > Pupils 2.71 million
Ranked 27th. 58 times more than Macau
46,539
Ranked 74th.

Primary education > Pupils 2.46 million
Ranked 51st. 66 times more than Macau
37,401
Ranked 89th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 56.01%
Ranked 40th. 53% more than Macau
36.5%
Ranked 107th.

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 84.37 per 1,000 people
Ranked 79th.
98.45 per 1,000 people
Ranked 52nd. 17% more than Canada

Secondary education, vocational pupils 0.0
Ranked 81st.
1,601
Ranked 53th.

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 17.42
Ranked 119th. 24% more than Macau
14.1
Ranked 65th.

Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 72.92%
Ranked 50th. 9% more than Macau
66.6%
Ranked 29th.

Secondary education > Teachers 147,890
Ranked 24th. 71 times more than Macau
2,077
Ranked 58th.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 17 years
Ranked 1st. 13% more than Macau
15 years
Ranked 31st.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 2.62 million
Ranked 27th. 59 times more than Macau
44,425
Ranked 134th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 527
Ranked 4th. 10% more than Macau
481
Ranked 27th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 524
Ranked 4th. 7% more than Macau
488
Ranked 27th.
Duration of education > Primary level 6
Ranked 131st. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 64th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 48.87%
Ranked 41st. 4% more than Macau
46.84%
Ranked 142nd.

Children out of school > Primary > Per capita 0.4 per 1,000 people
Ranked 107th.
6.94 per 1,000 people
Ranked 47th. 17 times more than Canada

Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 535
Ranked 4th. 11% more than Macau
481
Ranked 31st.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 100%
Ranked 16th. 12% more than Macau
89%
Ranked 91st.

High school > Upper secondary starting age 14
Ranked 200th.
15
Ranked 109th. 7% more than Canada

Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 83.09 per 1,000 people
Ranked 53th.
95.9 per 1,000 people
Ranked 25th. 15% more than Canada

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.08 per capita
Ranked 130th.
0.093 per capita
Ranked 112th. 16% more than Canada

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 79.86
Ranked 130th.
94.38
Ranked 111th. 18% more than Canada

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 99%
Ranked 31st. 6% more than Macau
93%
Ranked 68th.

Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 15
Ranked 19th.
28.4
Ranked 52nd. 89% more than Canada
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 68%
Ranked 2nd.
87%
Ranked 26th. 28% more than Canada
Secondary education > Vocational pupils 103,143
Ranked 52nd. 43 times more than Macau
2,410
Ranked 67th.

Primary education > Teachers 141,045
Ranked 31st. 88 times more than Macau
1,609
Ranked 77th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 48.54%
Ranked 96th.
50.23%
Ranked 49th. 3% more than Canada

Private school enrolment > Primary level 6.5
Ranked 26th.
94.1
Ranked 1st. 14 times more than Canada
Primary education > Teachers per 1000 4.54
Ranked 86th. 32% more than Macau
3.44
Ranked 67th.

Secondary education > Pupils per 1000 86.38
Ranked 72nd.
99.41
Ranked 25th. 15% more than Canada

Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita 0.116 per 1,000 people
Ranked 108th.
4.05 per 1,000 people
Ranked 41st. 35 times more than Canada

Female enrolment share > Primary level 48.8%
Ranked 5th. 3% more than Macau
47.3%
Ranked 117th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $780.37 billion
Ranked 6th. 105 times more than Macau
$7.40 billion
Ranked 86th.
Primary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 176th. The same as Macau
6
Ranked 100th.

Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 97.9%
Ranked 1st. 41% more than Macau
69.4%
Ranked 47th.
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 4.76
Ranked 70th. 7% more than Macau
4.44
Ranked 38th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.57
Ranked 37th. 8% more than Macau
91.94
Ranked 79th.

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 83.09
Ranked 56th.
94.26
Ranked 29th. 13% more than Canada

Children out of school > Primary > Male 8,805
Ranked 63th. 7 times more than Macau
1,330
Ranked 53th.

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.998
Ranked 46th. 2% more than Macau
0.976
Ranked 97th.

Female enrolment share > Secondary level 49.1%
Ranked 12th.
50.2%
Ranked 45th. 2% more than Canada
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 84.37
Ranked 81st.
100.02
Ranked 50th. 19% more than Canada

Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita 0.283 per 1,000 people
Ranked 97th.
2.89 per 1,000 people
Ranked 53th. 10 times more than Canada

Primary education > Pupils per 1000 78.47
Ranked 134th.
79.89
Ranked 90th. 2% more than Canada

Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita 86.38 per 1,000 people
Ranked 71st.
101.14 per 1,000 people
Ranked 22nd. 17% more than Canada

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 97.7
Ranked 101st.
103.69
Ranked 30th. 6% more than Canada

Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level 18.8
Ranked 53th.
23
Ranked 34th. 22% more than Canada
Researchers in R&D > Per million people 4,470.21
Ranked 10th. 6 times more than Macau
734.01
Ranked 43th.

School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net 99.3% net
Ranked 11th. 7% more than Macau
92.5% net
Ranked 27th.

Services, etc., value added > % of GDP 66.06%
Ranked 54th.
93.57%
Ranked 1st. 42% more than Canada

Primary education, teachers > % female 68.07%
Ranked 72nd.
86.61%
Ranked 15th. 27% more than Canada

Tertiary education, teachers > % female 41.15%
Ranked 23th. 19% more than Macau
34.67%
Ranked 73th.

Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure 12.3%
Ranked 66th.
17.62%
Ranked 22nd. 43% more than Canada

Labor force with secondary education, female > % of female labor force 36.6%
Ranked 53th. 37% more than Macau
26.8%
Ranked 61st.

Unemployment with secondary education, female > % of female unemployment 38.1%
Ranked 62nd. 64% more than Macau
23.3%
Ranked 79th.

School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 99.97% gross
Ranked 101st.
101.72% gross
Ranked 55th. 2% more than Canada

Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education 136.1
Ranked 34th. 87% more than Macau
72.96
Ranked 39th.

Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group 97.27%
Ranked 108th.
97.34%
Ranked 64th. The same as Canada

School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross 51.2% gross
Ranked 20th.
71.09% gross
Ranked 2nd. 39% more than Canada

Persistence to grade 5 > Male > % of cohort 95.13%
Ranked 18th.
99.37%
Ranked 8th. 4% more than Canada
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female 17 years
Ranked 1st. 21% more than Macau
14 years
Ranked 48th.
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > % 98.92%
Ranked 76th. 1% more than Macau
98.09%
Ranked 97th.

School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross 71.31%
Ranked 69th.
86.85%
Ranked 33th. 22% more than Canada

School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross 71.25%
Ranked 66th.
83.83%
Ranked 37th. 18% more than Canada

Secondary education, pupils > % female 48.23%
Ranked 101st.
48.28%
Ranked 39th. About the same as Canada

Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force 11.4%
Ranked 65th.
45.5%
Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Canada

Labor force with tertiary education > % of total 46.5%
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Macau
20.9%
Ranked 46th.

Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita $28,043.04
Ranked 17th.
$40,282.15
Ranked 3rd. 44% more than Canada

Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP 62.18%
Ranked 34th. 4% more than Macau
59.8%
Ranked 28th.

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment > % 97.63%
Ranked 98th.
98.86%
Ranked 31st. 1% more than Canada

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment > % 100.48%
Ranked 25th. 5% more than Macau
95.64%
Ranked 119th.

Public spending on education > Total > % of GDP 5.23%
Ranked 48th. 2 times more than Macau
2.3%
Ranked 58th.

Unemployment with primary education > % of total unemployment 29%
Ranked 32nd.
65.5%
Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Canada

Unemployment with secondary education > % of total unemployment 30.8%
Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Macau
14.5%
Ranked 35th.

School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross 109.76% gross
Ranked 11th. 15% more than Macau
95.56% gross
Ranked 10th.

Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita 44.64%
Ranked 29th.
60.99%
Ranked 23th. 37% more than Canada

SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

Citation

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