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Crime Stats: compare key data on Bulgaria & Kenya

Definitions

  • Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
  • Burglaries: Number of burglaries recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
  • Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
  • Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
  • Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
  • Rape rate: Number of rape incidents per 100,000 citizens in different countries. Figures do not take into account rape incidents that go unreported to the police.
  • Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
  • Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year.
  • Violent crime > Rapes per million people: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
  • Rapes > Per capita: Number of sexual assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
  • Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
  • Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
  • Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted: Worries being insulted. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being insulted or pestered by anybody, while in the street or any other public place?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed: Worries being mugged or robbed. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being mugged and robbed?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Illicit drugs: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
  • Prisoners per 1000: Total persons incarcerated. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Drug related crime: Number of drug related crimes recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
  • Judges: Number of professional judges per 100,000 population.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter: Worries home broken and things stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How worried are you about....having your home broken into and something stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Drugs > HIV testing amongst drug users: Estimated percentage of injecting drug users who have been tested for HIV.
  • Prisoners > Female: Female prisoners, expressed as a percentage share of the total prison population. Data for 2003.
  • Drugs > HIV infections amongst drug users: Percentage of injecting drug users who are HIV positive.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen: Worries things from car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having things stolen from your car?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen: Worries car stolen. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......having your car stolen?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
  • Prison staff: Number of correction staff in adult prisons per 100,000 population.
  • Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled: The percentage of the offical prison capacity filled. This is obtained by comparing the number of prisoners in a nation to the offical capacity of the nation's prison system. Data for 2003.
  • Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees: The percentage of the prison population that is being held pre-trial / on remand. Data for 2003.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002.
  • Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million: Average Unpaid Annual New York City Parking Violations per Diplomat, 11/1997 to 11/2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Property crime > Losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson > % sales: Losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson (% sales). Losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson are the estimated losses from those causes that occurred on establishments' premises as a percentage of annual sales.
  • Corruption > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint: Corruption measures the share of senior managers who ranked corruption as a major or very severe constraint.
  • Courts > % of managers surveyed lacking confidence in courts to uphold property rights: Lack confidence that courts uphold property rights is the share of senior managers who do not agree with the statement: “I am confident that the judicial system will enforce my contractual and property rights in business disputes.”
  • % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint: Crime measures the share of senior managers who ranked crime, theft, and disorder as a major or very severe constraint.
STAT Bulgaria Kenya HISTORY
Assault rate 47.6
Ranked 59th. 33% more than Kenya
35.9
Ranked 66th.
Burglaries 328.2
Ranked 9th. 59 times more than Kenya
5.6
Ranked 51st.
Crime levels 41.84
Ranked 52nd.
91.25
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Drugs > Annual cannabis use 2.5%
Ranked 18th. 19% more than Kenya
2.1%
Ranked 22nd.
Drugs > Opiates use 0.5%
Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Kenya
0.2%
Ranked 16th.
Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year) 1,989
Ranked 10th. About the same as Kenya
1,987
Ranked 33th.
Murder rate 2.3 3.6
Rape rate 2.8
Ranked 41st. 33% more than Kenya
2.1
Ranked 59th.

Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents 6.2
Ranked 86th.
6.4
Ranked 83th. 3% more than Bulgaria
Violent crime > Murder rate 147
Ranked 50th.
7,733
Ranked 19th. 53 times more than Bulgaria
Violent crime > Murder rate per million people 19.51
Ranked 57th.
199.44
Ranked 31st. 10 times more than Bulgaria
Violent crime > Murders 147
Ranked 50th.
7,733
Ranked 19th. 53 times more than Bulgaria
Violent crime > Murders per million people 19.51
Ranked 57th.
199.44
Ranked 31st. 10 times more than Bulgaria
Violent crime > Rapes 211
Ranked 36th.
847
Ranked 27th. 4 times more than Bulgaria

Violent crime > Rapes per million people 28.01
Ranked 41st. 32% more than Kenya
21.27
Ranked 59th.

Rapes > Per capita 0.031 per 1,000 people
Ranked 33th. 63% more than Kenya
0.019 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd.

Robberies 53
Ranked 8th. 4 times more than Kenya
14.2
Ranked 56th.
Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years 51.04
Ranked 79th.
75
Ranked 18th. 47% more than Bulgaria
Fear of crime > Violent hate crime 29.08
Ranked 43th.
68.75
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night 54.08
Ranked 44th. 6 times more than Kenya
9.52
Ranked 88th.
Murders > Per 100,000 people 3.1
Ranked 78th.
20.8
Ranked 22nd. 7 times more than Bulgaria
Prisoners 9,918 prisoners
Ranked 69th.
35,278 prisoners
Ranked 40th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Assaults 47.6
Ranked 13th. 33% more than Kenya
35.9
Ranked 50th.
Auto theft 99
Ranked 24th. 990 times more than Kenya
0.1
Ranked 73th.
Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery 28.06
Ranked 65th.
87.5
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Murders > WHO 3
Ranked 108th.
6.7
Ranked 81st. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day 84.18
Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than Kenya
38.1
Ranked 90th.

United States extradition treaties > Entered into force June 24, 1924<br>August 15, 1935 June 24, 1935<br>August 19, 1965
Prisoners > Per capita 127 per 100,000 people
Ranked 68th. 14% more than Kenya
111 per 100,000 people
Ranked 77th.
Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked 34.69
Ranked 62nd.
78.75
Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Software piracy rate 68%
Ranked 45th.
81%
Ranked 24th. 19% more than Bulgaria
Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft 51.56
Ranked 40th.
85
Ranked 4th. 65% more than Bulgaria
United States extradition treaties > Citation 43 Stat. 1886; TS 687; 5 Bevans 1086; 26 LNTS 27<br>49 Stat. 3250; TS 894; 5 Bevans 1103; 161 LNTS 409 47 Stat. 2122.<br>16 UST 1866.
Perceived problems > Illegal drugs 38.54
Ranked 65th.
72.37
Ranked 9th. 88% more than Bulgaria
Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery 85.71
Ranked 22nd.
95.83
Ranked 5th. 12% more than Bulgaria
Fear of crime > Worries about being insulted 30.73
Ranked 70th.
71.05
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Fear of crime > Worries about being mugged or robbed 35.2
Ranked 59th.
88.75
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Illicit drugs major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities
Prisoners per 1000 1.26 prisoners
Ranked 69th. 18% more than Kenya
1.07 prisoners
Ranked 85th.
Drug related crime 31
Ranked 12th. 94% more than Kenya
16
Ranked 52nd.
Judges 19.6%
Ranked 3rd. 25 times more than Kenya
0.8%
Ranked 45th.
Fear of crime > Worries about home break and enter 44.27
Ranked 50th.
78.57
Ranked 4th. 77% more than Bulgaria
Drugs > HIV testing amongst drug users 62.5%
Ranked 9th. 3% more than Kenya
60.4%
Ranked 15th.
Prisoners > Female 3.1%
Ranked 88th.
3.6%
Ranked 79th. 16% more than Bulgaria
Drugs > HIV infections amongst drug users 7%
Ranked 11th.
18.3%
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Bulgaria

Fear of crime > Worries about things from car being stolen 49.49
Ranked 53th.
68.75
Ranked 18th. 39% more than Bulgaria
Fear of crime > Worries about car being stolen 39.36
Ranked 48th.
64.47
Ranked 13th. 64% more than Bulgaria
Prison staff 35.8%
Ranked 14th. 5% more than Kenya
34.2%
Ranked 39th.
Prisoners > Share of prison capacity filled 91%
Ranked 104th.
228.1%
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Prisoners > Pre-trial detainees 18.5%
Ranked 110th.
39.4%
Ranked 50th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines 117.5
Ranked 5th. 15 times more than Kenya
7.7
Ranked 72nd.
United States extradition treaties > Date signed March 19, 1924<br>June 8, 1934 December 22, 1931
Unpaid diplomatic parking fines per million 14.93
Ranked 8th. 64 times more than Kenya
0.233
Ranked 95th.
Property crime > Losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson > % sales 0.5%
Ranked 34th.
3.9%
Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Bulgaria

Corruption > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint 18.39%
Ranked 14th.
72.46%
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Courts > % of managers surveyed lacking confidence in courts to uphold property rights 56.71%
Ranked 3rd. 11% more than Kenya
51.3%
Ranked 6th.
% of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint 11.37%
Ranked 15th.
69.57%
Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Bulgaria

SOURCES: European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; crime; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); UN Crime Stats; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); World Health Organisation.; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Source tables; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Source tables; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006; Cultures of Corruption: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets Ray Fisman Edward Miguel Columbia University and NBER University of California, Berkeley and NBER 2006. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys; World Development Indicators database

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