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Education Stats: compare key data on European Union & Russia

Definitions

  • High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Elementary school graduate rate: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Services, etc., value added > % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (% of GDP). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
  • Primary education, teachers > % female: Primary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Primary is the number of female teachers at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary education, teachers > % female: Tertiary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Tertiary is the number of female teachers at the tertiary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the tertiary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure: Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure). Public expenditure on education as % of total government expenditure is the total public education expenditure (current and capital) expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure for all sectors in a given financial year. Public education expenditure includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Labor force with secondary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with secondary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
  • School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary: School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary). Percentage of private enrolment. Primary is the enrolment in private primary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in primary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
  • Primary education, pupils > % female: Primary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Primary is the number of female students at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % gross: School enrollment, primary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Female is the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group). Primary completion rate. Total is the total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as percentage of the total population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade of primary. This indicator is also known as "gross intake rate to the last grade of primary." The ratio can exceed 100% due to over-aged and under-aged children who enter primary school late/early and/or repeat grades.
  • Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group: Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group). Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • Secondary education, general pupils > % female: Secondary education, general pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. General programmes is the number of female students enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Total enrollment, primary, male > % net: Total enrollment, primary, male (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
  • Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Literacy > Literacy rate, youth male > % of males ages 15-24: Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24). Youth (15-24) literacy rate (%). Male is the number of males age 15 to 24 years who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life, divided by the male population in that age group. Generally, u2018literacyu2019 also encompasses u2018numeracyu2019, the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
STAT European Union Russia HISTORY
High school enrolment rate 98.87
Ranked 17th.
100
Ranked 1st. 1% more than European Union

Primary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 70th. 50% more than Russia
4
Ranked 188th.

Primary education, pupils 27.79 million
Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Russia
5.02 million
Ranked 26th.

Primary education, teachers 2.11 million
Ranked 3rd. 8 times more than Russia
277,657
Ranked 14th.

Primary education, teachers per 1000 4.16
Ranked 78th. 2 times more than Russia
1.96
Ranked 142nd.

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 13.16
Ranked 104th.
18.06
Ranked 77th. 37% more than European Union

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 11.29
Ranked 73th. 33% more than Russia
8.47
Ranked 100th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.0222
Ranked 97th.
0.0597
Ranked 100th. 3 times more than European Union

Secondary education, duration > Years 6.5
Ranked 84th.
7
Ranked 37th. 8% more than European Union

Secondary education, general pupils 31.24 million
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Russia
8.06 million
Ranked 9th.

Secondary education, pupils 41.54 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Russia
9.61 million
Ranked 8th.

Secondary education, teachers 3.68 million
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Russia
1.14 million
Ranked 6th.

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 7.24
Ranked 34th.
8
Ranked 28th. 10% more than European Union

Spending > Proportion 4.78
Ranked 56th. 35% more than Russia
3.54
Ranked 106th.

Spending per student > College and university 23.54
Ranked 33th. 79% more than Russia
13.18
Ranked 66th.

Elementary school graduate rate 98.34
Ranked 26th. 3% more than Russia
95.2
Ranked 33th.

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 81.81
Ranked 69th. 21% more than Russia
67.74
Ranked 118th.

Primary education, pupils per 1000 54.72
Ranked 129th. 55% more than Russia
35.34
Ranked 173th.

Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 7
Ranked 47th. The same as Russia
7
Ranked 34th.

Teacher student ratio > High school 11.86
Ranked 85th. 39% more than Russia
8.53
Ranked 92nd.

Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 15.29
Ranked 97th.
17.45
Ranked 75th. 14% more than European Union

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $18,918.65
Ranked 19th. 5 times more than Russia
$3,670.01
Ranked 29th.

School enrolment rate > 1st grade 102.99
Ranked 71st. 4% more than Russia
98.95
Ranked 81st.

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 61.52
Ranked 90th. 8% more than Russia
56.77
Ranked 111th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 10.3 million
Ranked 2nd. 7 times more than Russia
1.56 million
Ranked 7th.

Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 100.64%
Ranked 40th. 3% more than Russia
98.04%
Ranked 78th.

Elementary school repeaters > All 0.91
Ranked 101st. 2 times more than Russia
0.43
Ranked 98th.

Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 6
Ranked 63th. Twice as much as Russia
3
Ranked 177th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $9.56 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 18 times more than Russia
$526.77 billion
Ranked 7th.

Elementary school repeaters > Female 0.75
Ranked 102nd. 32% more than Russia
0.57
Ranked 99th.

Elementary school repeaters > Male 1.06
Ranked 101st. 86% more than Russia
0.57
Ranked 105th.

Services, etc., value added > % of GDP 72.83%
Ranked 27th. 21% more than Russia
60.13%
Ranked 47th.

Primary education, teachers > % female 83.78%
Ranked 43th.
98.45%
Ranked 3rd. 18% more than European Union

Tertiary education, teachers > % female 40.54%
Ranked 49th.
55.91%
Ranked 10th. 38% more than European Union

Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure 11.33%
Ranked 72nd.
11.94%
Ranked 83th. 5% more than European Union

Labor force with secondary education, female > % of female labor force 46.98%
Ranked 23th. 42% more than Russia
33.2%
Ranked 58th.

Unemployment with secondary education, female > % of female unemployment 46.99%
Ranked 38th.
48%
Ranked 36th. 2% more than European Union

Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary 14.61%
Ranked 53th. 22 times more than Russia
0.67%
Ranked 103th.

School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary 13.61%
Ranked 56th. 21 times more than Russia
0.637%
Ranked 138th.

Primary education, pupils > % female 48.57%
Ranked 73th.
48.9%
Ranked 38th. 1% more than European Union

School enrollment, primary, female > % gross 103.49%
Ranked 67th. 5% more than Russia
98.88%
Ranked 115th.

Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group 98%
Ranked 47th. The same as Russia
97.91%
Ranked 43th.

Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group 98.13%
Ranked 88th.
99.98%
Ranked 39th. 2% more than European Union

Secondary education, general pupils > % female 50.56%
Ranked 46th. The same as Russia
50.5%
Ranked 63th.

Total enrollment, primary, male > % net 98.53%
Ranked 17th. 4% more than Russia
95.03%
Ranked 51st.

Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force 20.07%
Ranked 20th. 4 times more than Russia
4.5%
Ranked 75th.

Labor force with tertiary education > % of total 29.47%
Ranked 18th.
54%
Ranked 1st. 83% more than European Union

Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita $21,165.98
Ranked 19th. 3 times more than Russia
$7,184.50
Ranked 17th.

Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP 66.07%
Ranked 22nd. 29% more than Russia
51.18%
Ranked 59th.

Literacy > Literacy rate, youth male > % of males ages 15-24 99.63%
Ranked 21st.
99.66%
Ranked 3rd. The same as European Union

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment > % 98.97%
Ranked 68th. 1% more than Russia
97.53%
Ranked 97th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment > % 99.19%
Ranked 59th.
100.38%
Ranked 29th. 1% more than European Union

Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross 101.16%
Ranked 15th. 12% more than Russia
90.08%
Ranked 28th.

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary 11.98%
Ranked 48th. 20 times more than Russia
0.61%
Ranked 117th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 58.34%
Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Russia
26.15%
Ranked 75th.

SOURCES: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.

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