Central America and the Caribbean > Panama > Environment

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Acidification	0%		[101st of 141]
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.34 % of GNI		[97th of 179]
Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.2 % of GNI		[111st of 165]
Areas under protection	33		[76th of 146]
Areas under protection (per capita)	10.5096 per 1 million people		[41st of 146]
Biodiversity richness	2		[26th of 53]
Biosphere reserves area	1,515 thousand hectares		[29th of 86]
Biosphere reserves area (per capita)	482.484 thousand hectares per 1		[7th of 86]
Breeding birds threatened	2.19%		[72nd of 136]
Carbon efficiency	1.02 CO2 emissions/$ GDP		[78th of 141]
CFC consumption	43,976.1		[24th of 107]
CFC consumption (per capita)	14.0051 per 1,000 people		[10th of 107]
CO2 Emissions	5,708.9		[101st of 178]
CO2 Emissions (per capita)	1.81812 per 1,000 people		[90th of 176]
CO2 emissions > kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.31 kg/PPP$		[84th of 170]
CO2 emissions > kt	6,021.97 kt		[107th of 195]
CO2 emissions > kt (per capita)	1.931 kt per 1,000 people		[107th of 196]
Current issues water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; mining threatens natural resources
Ecological footprint	2.35		[67th of 141]
Endangered species protection	81%		[53rd of 141]
Environmental agreement compliance	4.04		[41st of 70]
Fertiliser consumption	644.72 hundred grams/hectare		[73rd of 141]
Forest area > % of land area	57.69 % of land area		[27th of 195]
Forest area > sq. km	42,940 km²		[74th of 195]
Forest area > sq. km (per capita)	13,287.939 km² per 1,000 people		[38th of 195]
Freshwater withdrawal	0.82		[87th of 124]
Freshwater withdrawal > Agricultural	28%		[113rd of 124]
Freshwater withdrawal > Domestic	67%		[6th of 124]
Freshwater withdrawal > Industrial	5%		[71st of 124]
Groundwater withdrawals	0		[148th of 188]
International agreements > Party to Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements > Signed but not ratified	Marine Life Conservation
Known breeding bird species	302		[21st of 146]
Known breeding bird species (per capita)	96.1783 per 1 million people		[17th of 146]
Known mammal species	218		[32nd of 145]
Known mammal species (per capita)	69.4268 per 1 million people		[13th of 145]
Marine areas under protection	10		[36th of 95]
Marine areas under protection (per capita)	3.18471 per 1 million people		[11th of 95]
Marine fish catch	109,395 tons		[54th of 141]
Marine fish catch (per capita)	34.8392 tons per 1,000 people		[17th of 141]
Non-wildness	6.07%		[51st of 141]
NOx emissions per populated area	0.05 thousand metric tons/squ		[137th of 141]
Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions > kg per day	11,691.85 kg/day		[59th of 115]
Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions > kg per day per worker	0.32 kg per day per worker		[3rd of 115]
PM10, country level > micrograms per cubic meter	36.57 mcg/m³		[103rd of 185]
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	2,252		[94th of 199]
Protected area	19.1		[12th of 147]
SO2 emissions per populated area	230 thousand metric tons/squ		[94th of 141]
SO2 exports	2,111.66 hundred metric tons		[33rd of 141]
Threatened species	37		[54th of 158]
Threatened species > Mammal	17		[43rd of 160]
Total renewable water resources	148 cu km		[13th of 31]
Urban NO2 concentration	42 micrograms/m3		[97th of 141]
Urban SO2 concentration	10.33 micrograms/m3		[127th of 141]
Water > Availability	30.79 thousand cubic metres		[16th of 141]
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	7.78 mls/litre		[69th of 141]
Water > Freshwater pollution	0.15 tons/cubic km		[58th of 69]
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.37 mls/litre		[57th of 141]
Water > Salinisation	248.78		[115th of 141]
Water > Severe water stress	0		[117th of 140]
Water > Suspended solids	4.94 mls/litre		[75th of 141]
Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	4.56 %		[63rd of 114]
Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.18 %		[49th of 112]
Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions	76.62 %		[7th of 114]
Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	1.46 %		[58th of 94]
Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.41 %		[64th of 107]
Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	13.17 %		[41st of 111]
Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	3.21 %		[67th of 114]
Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.39 %		[71st of 114]
Wetlands of intl importance > Area	111 thousand hectares		[62nd of 112]
Wetlands of intl importance > Area (per capita)	35.3503 thousand hectares per 1 m		[29th of 112]
Wildness	14.83%		[58th of 141]

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