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Education Stats: compare key data on China & Japan

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Definitions

  • Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
  • Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Universities > Top 100: Number of universities in the top 100
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11: Intended hours of instruction per year for 11 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12: Intended hours of instruction per year for 12 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • School enrolment rate > 5th grade: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10: Intended hours of instruction per year for 10 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Universities > Top 50 per million: Number of universities in the top 50. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13: Intended hours of instruction per year for 14 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9: Intended hours of instruction per year for 9 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Universities > Top 50: Number of universities in the top 50
  • Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 50 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Universities > Top 100 per million: Number of universities in the top 100. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Progression to secondary level: Progression to secondary level is the number of new entrants to the first grade of general secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the number of pupils in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Pupils reaching grade 5: Pupils reaching grade 5 is the percentage of children who start primary school and eventually reach grade 5.
  • Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 100 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 14.1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Progression to secondary school, male > %: Progression to secondary school, male (%). Transition from primary (ISCED 1) to secondary (ISCED 2), general programmes (%). Male is the number of new male entrants to the first grade of secondary education (general programmes only) in a given year, expressed as a percentage of the number of male pupils enrolled in the final grade of primary education in the previous year.
  • School enrollment, tertiary, female > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Female is the total female enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
  • Expenditure per student, tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary is the total public expenditure per student in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to grade 5. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant LCU per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant LCU). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrollment > Preprimary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % net: School enrollment, primary, female (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Female is the ratio of female children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the female population of the official primary school age.
  • Primary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, primary > % gross: School enrollment, primary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Total is the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils > Per capita: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
  • Inputs > Secondary education > Teachers > Female: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary > Female: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
  • Participation > Secondary education > General pupils > % female: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
  • Participation > Secondary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level."
  • School enrollment > Secondary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • Services, etc., value added > % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (% of GDP). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
  • Primary education, teachers > % female: Primary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Primary is the number of female teachers at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Tertiary education, teachers > % female: Tertiary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Tertiary is the number of female teachers at the tertiary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the tertiary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure: Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure). Public expenditure on education as % of total government expenditure is the total public education expenditure (current and capital) expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure for all sectors in a given financial year. Public education expenditure includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Proportion of 18 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 18 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 17 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
  • Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
  • Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • School enrollment > Primary > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
  • Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
  • School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level."
  • Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
  • Persistence to grade 5 > Male > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary: School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary). Percentage of private enrolment. Primary is the enrolment in private primary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in primary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
  • Primary education, pupils > % female: Primary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Primary is the number of female students at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % gross: School enrollment, primary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Female is the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group). Primary completion rate. Total is the total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as percentage of the total population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade of primary. This indicator is also known as "gross intake rate to the last grade of primary." The ratio can exceed 100% due to over-aged and under-aged children who enter primary school late/early and/or repeat grades.
  • Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group: Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group). Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • Secondary education, general pupils > % female: Secondary education, general pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. General programmes is the number of female students enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Total enrollment, primary, male > % net: Total enrollment, primary, male (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
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STAT China Japan HISTORY
Average years of schooling of adults 6.4
Ranked 45th. 		9.5
Ranked 13th. 48% more than China
Children out of school, primary 17.45 million
Ranked 1st. 4235 times more than Japan 		4,121
Ranked 85th.
Children out of school, primary per 1000 14.19
Ranked 21st. 440 times more than Japan 		0.0322
Ranked 116th.
Children out of school, primary, female 8.48 million
Ranked 1st. 358 times more than Japan 		23,671
Ranked 31st.
College and university > Gender parity index 1.13
Ranked 50th. 26% more than Japan 		0.891
Ranked 90th.
College and university > Share of total education spending 23.98%
Ranked 20th. 23% more than Japan 		19.47%
Ranked 23th.
Compulsary education duration 9
Ranked 60th. The same as Japan 		9
Ranked 93th.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 1.91%
Ranked 115th. 		3.78%
Ranked 32nd. 98% more than China
High school enrolment rate 95.14
Ranked 49th. 		100
Ranked 2nd. 5% more than China
Literacy > Total population 91.6%
Ranked 2nd. 		99%
Ranked 4th. 8% more than China
Primary education, duration > Years 5
Ranked 154th. 		6
Ranked 48th. 20% more than China
Primary education, teachers per 1000 4.42
Ranked 71st. 41% more than Japan 		3.14
Ranked 106th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 16.79
Ranked 80th. 		17.5
Ranked 73th. 4% more than China
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 15.15
Ranked 48th. 28% more than Japan 		11.79
Ranked 69th.
Secondary education, duration > Years 6
Ranked 104th. The same as Japan 		6
Ranked 97th.
Average IQ 100
Ranked 10th. 		105
Ranked 3rd. 5% more than China
Literacy > Female 87.6%
Ranked 2nd. 		99%
Ranked 4th. 13% more than China
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 6.89
Ranked 20th. 35 times more than Japan 		0.197
Ranked 58th.
College and university > Gender ratio 104.07
Ranked 59th. 18% more than Japan 		88.42
Ranked 68th.
Child care (preschool) > Duration 3
Ranked 50th. The same as Japan 		3
Ranked 41st.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 4.1 per 1,000 people
Ranked 85th. 		4.79 per 1,000 people
Ranked 78th. 17% more than China
Duration of compulsory education 9 years
Ranked 77th. 		10 years
Ranked 39th. 11% more than China
Secondary education, pupils 97.45 million
Ranked 2nd. 13 times more than Japan 		7.28 million
Ranked 11th.
Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 1
Ranked 33th. The same as Japan 		1
Ranked 22nd.
Primary education, pupils 99.71 million
Ranked 2nd. 14 times more than Japan 		7.03 million
Ranked 14th.
Primary education, teachers 5.94 million
Ranked 1st. 15 times more than Japan 		401,773
Ranked 9th.
Tertiary enrollment 7.5%
Ranked 22nd. 		47.7%
Ranked 25th. 6 times more than China
Spending per student > College and university 90.07
Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Japan 		20.07
Ranked 42nd.
High school > Gender ratio 105.08
Ranked 28th. 5% more than Japan 		100.09
Ranked 58th.
Compulsary education starting age 6
Ranked 37th. The same as Japan 		6
Ranked 58th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.0113
Ranked 99th. 		0.0923
Ranked 94th. 8 times more than China
Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 3
Ranked 75th. The same as Japan 		3
Ranked 66th.
Literacy > Male 95.7%
Ranked 2nd. 		99%
Ranked 5th. 3% more than China
Spending > USD 78.48 billion
Ranked 7th. 		160.99 billion
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than China
High school > Private school share 10.72%
Ranked 73th. 		19.22%
Ranked 46th. 79% more than China
Spending > Proportion 1.8
Ranked 153th. 		3.17
Ranked 120th. 76% more than China
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 21.05
Ranked 81st. 10% more than Japan 		19.15
Ranked 90th.
Child care (preschool) > Starting age 4
Ranked 29th. 33% more than Japan 		3
Ranked 89th.
High school repeaters > Male 0.38
Ranked 85th. 		0.0
Ranked 52nd.
Preschool enrollment rate 113.2
Ranked 30th. 11% more than Japan 		101.88
Ranked 78th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad 645,002.55
Ranked 1st. 18 times more than Japan 		35,954.86
Ranked 20th.
Primary completion rate 103
Ranked 7th. 2% more than Japan 		101
Ranked 9th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 15.19 million
Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Japan 		3.98 million
Ranked 5th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 533
Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Japan 		520
Ranked 6th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 5
Ranked 163th. 		6
Ranked 53th. 20% more than China
Secondary education, teachers per 1000 4.78
Ranked 62nd. 		4.83
Ranked 60th. 1% more than China
Secondary education, teachers 6.43 million
Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Japan 		617,642
Ranked 7th.
Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 23.15
Ranked 29th. 		25.94
Ranked 17th. 12% more than China
High school > Lower secondary school duration 3
Ranked 108th. The same as Japan 		3
Ranked 98th.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 7.29
Ranked 20th. 27 times more than Japan 		0.273
Ranked 59th.
Spending per student > High school 11.55
Ranked 60th. 		22.32
Ranked 24th. 93% more than China
Secondary education, general pupils 77.15 million
Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan 		6.43 million
Ranked 11th.
High school > Gender parity index 1.05
Ranked 27th. 4% more than Japan 		1
Ranked 77th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 533
Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Japan 		520
Ranked 6th.
Scientific and technical journal articles 29,186
Ranked 6th. 		60,067
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than China
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 530
Ranked 4th. The same as Japan 		530
Ranked 3rd.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 45%
Ranked 26th. 3 times more than Japan 		18%
Ranked 3rd.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 2.06%
Ranked 93th. 2 times more than Japan 		0.927%
Ranked 115th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 11.86
Ranked 90th. 		31.26
Ranked 46th. 3 times more than China
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 7
Ranked 20th. 17% more than Japan 		6
Ranked 71st.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 13%
Ranked 49th. 33% more than Japan 		9.8%
Ranked 69th.
Children out of school, primary, male 8.97 million
Ranked 1st. 274 times more than Japan 		32,724
Ranked 27th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 1.9%
Ranked 121st. 		3.5%
Ranked 80th. 84% more than China
High school > Students per teacher 15.15
Ranked 49th. 28% more than Japan 		11.79
Ranked 71st.
Secondary education > General pupils 85.91 million
Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan 		6.88 million
Ranked 11th.
Secondary school starting age > Years 12
Ranked 61st. The same as Japan 		12
Ranked 57th.
High school starting age > Years 12
Ranked 56th. The same as Japan 		12
Ranked 53th.
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 4.43 per 1,000 people
Ranked 80th. 49% more than Japan 		2.97 per 1,000 people
Ranked 119th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level 121.66 million
Ranked 2nd. 17 times more than Japan 		7.27 million
Ranked 17th.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 54.8%
Ranked 78th. 		80%
Ranked 38th. 46% more than China
Public spending per student > Primary level 6.1
Ranked 62nd. 		21.3
Ranked 12th. 3 times more than China
Secondary education, pupils per 1000 72.5
Ranked 98th. 27% more than Japan 		56.99
Ranked 122nd.
Primary education, pupils per 1000 74.18
Ranked 100th. 35% more than Japan 		54.99
Ranked 127th.
Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 0.85
Ranked 92nd. 		0.89
Ranked 66th. 5% more than China
Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 1
Ranked 87th. The same as Japan 		1
Ranked 63th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 11.86 per 1,000 people
Ranked 87th. 		31.26 per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th. 3 times more than China
Universities > Top 100 4
Ranked 7th. 33% more than Japan 		3
Ranked 10th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 0.48
Ranked 145th. 71% more than Japan 		0.281
Ranked 170th.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 6
Ranked 89th. The same as Japan 		6
Ranked 82nd.
Teacher student ratio > High school 15.99
Ranked 43th. 32% more than Japan 		12.12
Ranked 63th.
High school repeaters > Female 0.27
Ranked 84th. 		0.0
Ranked 52nd.
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 17.55
Ranked 73th. 		18.28
Ranked 69th. 4% more than China
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11 771 hours
Ranked 28th. 1% more than Japan 		761 hours
Ranked 30th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 86%
Ranked 39th. 		100%
Ranked 1st. 16% more than China
Elementary school > Enrolled students 105.95 million
Ranked 1st. 15 times more than Japan 		7.17 million
Ranked 13th.
Primary education > Duration > Years 5 years
Ranked 149th. 		6 years
Ranked 50th. 20% more than China
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $1,394.49
Ranked 56th. 		$25,465.36
Ranked 5th. 18 times more than China
School enrolment rate > 1st grade 95.96
Ranked 96th. 		101.49
Ranked 81st. 6% more than China
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 57.4
Ranked 102nd. 14% more than Japan 		50.29
Ranked 119th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12 893 hours
Ranked 23th. 2% more than Japan 		875 hours
Ranked 25th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 530
Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Japan 		520
Ranked 5th.
High school > Lower secondary starting age 12
Ranked 63th. The same as Japan 		12
Ranked 58th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 5.39%
Ranked 92nd. 5 times more than Japan 		1.13%
Ranked 124th.
Elementary school > Gender ratio 103.84
Ranked 5th. 4% more than Japan 		100.02
Ranked 28th.
High school enrolment rate > Female 95.81
Ranked 45th. 		99.88
Ranked 3rd. 4% more than China
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 98%
Ranked 23th. 		100%
Ranked 1st. 2% more than China
Duration of education > Secondary level 6
Ranked 84th. The same as Japan 		6
Ranked 77th.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level 85.8
Ranked 18th. 6 times more than Japan 		13.6
Ranked 9th.
Secondary education > Pupils 98.76 million
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Japan 		7.89 million
Ranked 11th.
Primary education > Pupils 121 million
Ranked 2nd. 17 times more than Japan 		7.26 million
Ranked 16th.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 70.4%
Ranked 61st. 		82.3%
Ranked 40th. 17% more than China
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 43.84%
Ranked 94th. 		45.57%
Ranked 86th. 4% more than China
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 74.68 per 1,000 people
Ranked 106th. 17% more than Japan 		63.8 per 1,000 people
Ranked 123th.
Secondary education, vocational pupils 20.3 million
Ranked 1st. 24 times more than Japan 		857,049
Ranked 10th.
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 16.79
Ranked 80th. 		17.5
Ranked 73th. 4% more than China
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 59.23%
Ranked 46th. 		76.72%
Ranked 19th. 30% more than China
Secondary education > Teachers 5.31 million
Ranked 1st. 9 times more than Japan 		612,629
Ranked 6th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 11 years
Ranked 72nd. 		15 years
Ranked 28th. 36% more than China
School enrolment rate > 5th grade 99.57
Ranked 6th. 		99.97
Ranked 1st. About the same as China
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 95.62 million
Ranked 1st. 12 times more than Japan 		8.13 million
Ranked 14th.
Scientific and technical journal articles per million 22.65
Ranked 62nd. 		470.31
Ranked 20th. 21 times more than China
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 522
Ranked 6th. 1% more than Japan 		518
Ranked 7th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 538
Ranked 2nd. 3% more than Japan 		520
Ranked 5th.
Duration of education > Primary level 6
Ranked 53th. The same as Japan 		6
Ranked 47th.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 104%
Ranked 7th. 4% more than Japan 		100.05%
Ranked 54th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary 3.54 million
Ranked 2nd. 5093 times more than Japan 		695
Ranked 101st.
Public spending per student > Secondary level 12.1
Ranked 55th. 		18.7
Ranked 4th. 55% more than China
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 47.19%
Ranked 137th. 		48.79%
Ranked 48th. 3% more than China
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 540
Ranked 2nd. 4% more than Japan 		521
Ranked 7th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 96%
Ranked 37th. 		100%
Ranked 2nd. 4% more than China
High school > Upper secondary starting age 15
Ranked 94th. The same as Japan 		15
Ranked 85th.
Elementary school starting age > Years 7
Ranked 21st. 17% more than Japan 		6
Ranked 66th.
Elementary school repeaters > All 0.29
Ranked 103th. 		0.0
Ranked 75th.
Universities > Top 200 6
Ranked 10th. 		10
Ranked 5th. 67% more than China
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 66.28 per 1,000 people
Ranked 88th. 23% more than Japan 		53.84 per 1,000 people
Ranked 118th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.095 per capita
Ranked 108th. 67% more than Japan 		0.057 per capita
Ranked 145th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 95.02
Ranked 110th. 67% more than Japan 		57.04
Ranked 150th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 100%
Ranked 6th. The same as Japan 		100%
Ranked 4th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 19.8
Ranked 13th. 		20.4
Ranked 87th. 3% more than China
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 58%
Ranked 66th. 		65%
Ranked 1st. 12% more than China
Primary education > Teachers 5.75 million
Ranked 1st. 15 times more than Japan 		378,950
Ranked 8th.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils 12.85 million
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Japan 		1.02 million
Ranked 12th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 46.85%
Ranked 125th. 		48.93%
Ranked 87th. 4% more than China
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 5
Ranked 137th. 		6
Ranked 45th. 20% more than China
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10 771 hours
Ranked 26th. 1% more than Japan 		761 hours
Ranked 28th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000 4.43
Ranked 80th. 50% more than Japan 		2.97
Ranked 119th.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000 76.2
Ranked 86th. 23% more than Japan 		61.79
Ranked 113th.
Female enrolment share > Primary level 48%
Ranked 16th. 		48.8%
Ranked 35th. 2% more than China
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $1.88 trillion
Ranked 1st. 		$3.25 trillion
Ranked 2nd. 73% more than China
Universities > Top 200 per million 0.0046
Ranked 29th. 		0.0783
Ranked 20th. 17 times more than China
Universities > Top 50 per million 0.000767
Ranked 12th. 		0.0157
Ranked 9th. 20 times more than China
Primary school starting age > Years 7
Ranked 19th. 17% more than Japan 		6
Ranked 71st.
High school > Share of total education spending 37.41%
Ranked 30th. 		38.24%
Ranked 9th. 2% more than China
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 72.21%
Ranked 41st. 		86.36%
Ranked 25th. 20% more than China
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils 82.54 million
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Japan 		6.47 million
Ranked 10th.
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 4.1
Ranked 87th. 		4.8
Ranked 79th. 17% more than China
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 66.29
Ranked 88th. 23% more than Japan 		53.85
Ranked 117th.
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.64
Ranked 38th. 		100.19
Ranked 21st. 1% more than China
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 1.04
Ranked 8th. 4% more than Japan 		1
Ranked 37th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13 1,020 hours
Ranked 14th. 17% more than Japan 		875 hours
Ranked 28th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9 771 hours
Ranked 23th. 1% more than Japan 		761 hours
Ranked 24th.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level 45.3%
Ranked 22nd. 		49%
Ranked 72nd. 8% more than China
Private school enrolment > Secondary level 0.0
Ranked 91st. 		16.5
Ranked 8th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 74.68
Ranked 106th. 17% more than Japan 		63.8
Ranked 124th.
Universities > Top 50 1
Ranked 11th. 		2
Ranked 7th. Twice as much as China
Universities > Top 50 > Per $ GDP 0.009 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 10th. 50% more than Japan 		0.006 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 11th.
Elementary school repeaters > Male 0.31
Ranked 102nd. 		0.0
Ranked 61st.
Elementary school repeaters > Female 0.26
Ranked 101st. 		0.0
Ranked 61st.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men 57.6%
Ranked 53th. 		100%
Ranked 1st. 74% more than China
Elementary school teachers 6.04 million
Ranked 1st. 15 times more than Japan 		391,967
Ranked 7th.
High school teachers 6.34 million
Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Japan 		607,062
Ranked 7th.
High school enrolment rate > Male 94.54
Ranked 45th. 		100
Ranked 2nd. 6% more than China
Universities > Top 100 per million 0.00307
Ranked 21st. 		0.0235
Ranked 17th. 8 times more than China
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education 0.0
Ranked 37th. 		100%
Ranked 5th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education 0.0
Ranked 36th. 		0.0
Ranked 32nd.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils 100.63 million
Ranked 1st. 13 times more than Japan 		7.71 million
Ranked 9th.
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP 0.004 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 23th. Twice as much as Japan 		0.002 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 28th.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita 76.2 per 1,000 people
Ranked 88th. 23% more than Japan 		61.79 per 1,000 people
Ranked 112th.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 99.99
Ranked 78th. 		100.23
Ranked 74th. About the same as China
Primary education > Pupils per 1000 93.36
Ranked 105th. 64% more than Japan 		56.8
Ranked 147th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level 16.2
Ranked 72nd. 14% more than Japan 		14.2
Ranked 82nd.
Progression to secondary level 88
Ranked 20th. 		100
Ranked 4th. 14% more than China
Pupils reaching grade 5 93.8
Ranked 6th. 		100
Ranked 1st. 7% more than China
International Mathematical Olympiad > Results for the 2006 IMO > Points 214
Ranked 1st. 47% more than Japan 		146
Ranked 7th.
Universities > Top 100 > Per $ GDP 0.034 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 17th. 4 times more than Japan 		0.009 per $14.1 billion of GDP
Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education 0.0
Ranked 36th. 		0.0
Ranked 32nd.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education 0.0
Ranked 37th. 		96%
Ranked 6th.
Progression to secondary school, male > % 86.05%
Ranked 34th. 		100%
Ranked 1st. 16% more than China
School enrollment, tertiary, female > % gross 25.65%
Ranked 74th. 		56.56%
Ranked 42nd. 2 times more than China
Expenditure per student, tertiary > % of GDP per capita 90%
Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Japan 		24.16%
Ranked 27th.
Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort 81.1%
Ranked 14th. 		99.94%
Ranked 1st. 23% more than China
Services, etc., value added > Constant LCU per capita 9,729.46
Ranked 65th. 		2.81 million
Ranked 7th. 288 times more than China
School enrollment > Preprimary > Male > % gross 37.36% gross
Ranked 85th. 		83.28% gross
Ranked 34th. 2 times more than China
Secondary education > Teachers > % female 43.25% female
Ranked 93th. 39% more than Japan 		31.11% female
Ranked 110th.
School enrollment, primary, female > % net 86.67%
Ranked 30th. 		99.59%
Ranked 2nd. 15% more than China
Primary education > Pupils > % female 47.19% female
Ranked 131st. 		48.78% female
Ranked 40th. 3% more than China
School enrollment, primary > % gross 127.95%
Ranked 11th. 25% more than Japan 		102.63%
Ranked 78th.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils > Per capita 9.91 per 1,000 people
Ranked 60th. 25% more than Japan 		7.94 per 1,000 people
Ranked 68th.
High school teachers > % female 45.08%
Ranked 82nd. 45% more than Japan 		31.11%
Ranked 108th.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > % gross 76.09%
Ranked 76th. 		100.89%
Ranked 22nd. 33% more than China
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross 74.33%
Ranked 79th. 		100.85%
Ranked 24th. 36% more than China
Inputs > Secondary education > Teachers > Female 2.8 million
Ranked 1st. 15 times more than Japan 		191,402
Ranked 14th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary > Male 1.96 million
Ranked 2nd. 		0.0
Ranked 64th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary > Female 1.58 million
Ranked 2nd. 1164 times more than Japan 		1,354.88
Ranked 58th.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross 78.1%
Ranked 77th. 		100.94%
Ranked 21st. 29% more than China
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils > % female 47.29%
Ranked 106th. 		49.62%
Ranked 78th. 5% more than China
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils > % female 47.83%
Ranked 92nd. 		48.83%
Ranked 64th. 2% more than China
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Male 11 years
Ranked 73th. 		15 years
Ranked 21st. 36% more than China
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 22.53%
Ranked 83th. 		55.2%
Ranked 17th. 2 times more than China
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross 22.26%
Ranked 57th. 		61.51%
Ranked 10th. 3 times more than China
School enrollment > Secondary > % gross 72.53% gross
Ranked 102nd. 		101.59% gross
Ranked 21st. 40% more than China
Services, etc., value added > % of GDP 44.6%
Ranked 86th. 		72.65%
Ranked 22nd. 63% more than China
Primary education, teachers > % female 58.36%
Ranked 84th. 		64.88%
Ranked 83th. 11% more than China
Tertiary education, teachers > % female 45.13%
Ranked 34th. 3 times more than Japan 		17.9%
Ranked 76th.
Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure 12.97%
Ranked 62nd. 38% more than Japan 		9.41%
Ranked 102nd.
Proportion of 18 year olds in secondary education 0.0
Ranked 37th. 		0.0
Ranked 35th.
Proportion of 17 year olds in tertiary education 0.0
Ranked 34th. 		0.0
Ranked 27th.
School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross 36.01% gross
Ranked 91st. 		84.81% gross
Ranked 38th. 2 times more than China
Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education 84.64
Ranked 85th. 		88.72
Ranked 82nd. 5% more than China
Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita 11.55%
Ranked 61st. 		22.29%
Ranked 39th. 93% more than China
Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group 94.76%
Ranked 118th. 		97.93%
Ranked 105th. 3% more than China
School enrollment > Primary > % net 97.43% net
Ranked 23th. 		99.91% net
Ranked 1st. 3% more than China
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Women 78.3%
Ranked 38th. 		100%
Ranked 5th. 28% more than China
Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita 90.07%
Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Japan 		19.61%
Ranked 56th.
Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group 97.7%
Ranked 50th. 		101.92%
Ranked 5th. 4% more than China
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary 9.06%
Ranked 65th. 		19.04%
Ranked 40th. 2 times more than China
School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross 20.61% gross
Ranked 66th. 		57.13% gross
Ranked 16th. 3 times more than China
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > % gross 22.69%
Ranked 58th. 		58.03%
Ranked 25th. 3 times more than China
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Female > % gross 23.16%
Ranked 59th. 		54.39%
Ranked 34th. 2 times more than China
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > % net 97.02%
Ranked 20th. 		99.99%
Ranked 1st. 3% more than China
Persistence to grade 5 > Male > % of cohort 57.63%
Ranked 63th. 		99.95%
Ranked 1st. 73% more than China
School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross 72.53% gross
Ranked 98th. 		101.48% gross
Ranked 21st. 40% more than China
School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary 5.39%
Ranked 90th. 5 times more than Japan 		1.13%
Ranked 122nd.
Primary education, pupils > % female 46.19%
Ranked 141st. 		48.74%
Ranked 51st. 6% more than China
School enrollment, primary, female > % gross 127.71%
Ranked 8th. 25% more than Japan 		102.56%
Ranked 72nd.
Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group 87.34%
Ranked 41st. 		102.12%
Ranked 27th. 17% more than China
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group 109.56%
Ranked 39th. 7% more than Japan 		101.96%
Ranked 64th.
Secondary education, general pupils > % female 47.64%
Ranked 111th. 		49.65%
Ranked 76th. 4% more than China
Total enrollment, primary, male > % net 87.02%
Ranked 33th. 		99.46%
Ranked 1st. 14% more than China
Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita $2,716.70
Ranked 46th. 		$33,302.54
Ranked 6th. 12 times more than China
Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP 43.9%
Ranked 75th. 		72.19%
Ranked 13th. 64% more than China

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; The Times, 2005; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data; The Times, 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: International Mathematical Olympiad; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

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