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Environment Statistics > SO2 emissions per populated area (most recent) by country

VIEW DATA:   Totals  
Definition     Source      Printable version   
    Bar Graph   Map   Correlations  

Showing latest available data.
Rank   Countries  Amount 
# 1   Belgium: 21,390 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 2   Korea, South: 19,430 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 3   Jamaica: 17,050 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 4   Czech Republic: 7,980 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 5   Korea, North: 7,640 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 6   Kuwait: 7,120 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 7   United Kingdom: 5,370 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 8   Germany: 5,100 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 9   Slovakia: 4,850 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 10   Bulgaria: 4,610 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 11   Chile: 4,380 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 12   Netherlands: 4,190 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 13   Egypt: 4,090 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 14   Poland: 3,900 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 15   Israel: 3,310 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 16   Libya: 3,220 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 17   Denmark: 2,860 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 18   Australia: 2,840 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 19   Canada: 2,790 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 19   Italy: 2,790 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 21   Jordan: 2,710 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 22   China: 2,680 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 23   Hungary: 2,650 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 24   Tajikistan: 2,610 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 25   South Africa: 2,350 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 26   Slovenia: 2,340 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 27   Armenia: 2,290 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 28   Zambia: 2,100 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 29   Sierra Leone: 2,080 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 30   Ukraine: 2,060 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 31   Romania: 2,040 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 32   Croatia: 1,870 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 33   Greece: 1,830 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 34   Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1,780 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 35   Cuba: 1,730 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 36   Lithuania: 1,690 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 37   Azerbaijan: 1,680 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 37   United States: 1,680 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 39   Moldova: 1,650 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 40   Tunisia: 1,610 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 41   Malaysia: 1,600 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 42   United Arab Emirates: 1,520 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 43   Finland: 1,480 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 44   Botswana: 1,320 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 45   Spain: 1,310 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 46   Portugal: 1,170 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 47   India: 1,150 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 48   France: 1,090 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 49   Thailand: 1,070 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 50   Mexico: 970 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 50   Ireland: 970 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 50   Japan: 970 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 53   Iceland: 960 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 54   Belarus: 950 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 55   Russia: 930 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 56   Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 900 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 57   Philippines: 880 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 58   Namibia: 870 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 59   Austria: 850 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 60   Uzbekistan: 770 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 60   Sweden: 770 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 62   Syria: 710 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 63   El Salvador: 700 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 64   Bangladesh: 690 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 65   Turkey: 650 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 66   Dominica: 640 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 67   Lebanon: 600 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 67   Albania: 600 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 69   Venezuela: 590 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 70   Estonia: 580 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 70   Kazakhstan: 580 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 70   Iraq: 580 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 73   Saudi Arabia: 560 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 74   Algeria: 540 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 75   Morocco: 530 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 76   Trinidad and Tobago: 520 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 77   Switzerland: 510 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 78   Rwanda: 490 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 78   Iran: 490 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 80   Peru: 450 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 81   New Zealand: 440 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 82   Mongolia: 430 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 83   Costa Rica: 380 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 84   Brazil: 360 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 84   Indonesia: 360 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 86   Ecuador: 350 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 86   Norway: 350 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 88   Zimbabwe: 330 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 89   Pakistan: 300 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 90   Central African Republic: 290 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 91   Kyrgyzstan: 270 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 92   Vietnam: 260 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 93   Colombia: 240 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 94   Panama: 230 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 95   Sri Lanka: 210 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 96   Cote d'Ivoire: 200 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 96   Angola: 200 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 98   Nigeria: 190 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 98   Guinea-Bissau: 190 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 100   Cambodia: 180 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 100   Latvia: 180 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 100   Mauritania: 180 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 100   Turkmenistan: 180 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 104   Ghana: 170 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 104   Uruguay: 170 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 106   Guatemala: 160 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 106   Uganda: 160 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 106   Kenya: 160 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 109   Honduras: 150 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 109   Senegal: 150 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 109   Argentina: 150 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 112   Haiti: 140 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 112   Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 140 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 112   Benin: 140 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 115   Burundi: 130 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 115   Mozambique: 130 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 117   Nicaragua: 120 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 118   Liberia: 110 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 118   Sudan: 110 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 118   Gambia, The: 110 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 118   Gabon: 110 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 118   Oman: 110 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 118   Laos: 110 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 124   Chad: 100 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 124   Tanzania: 100 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 126   Burma: 90 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 126   Niger: 90 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 128   Cameroon: 80 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 128   Paraguay: 80 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 128   Burkina Faso: 80 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 131   Togo: 70 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 131   Bolivia: 70 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 131   Ethiopia: 70 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 131   Mali: 70 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 131   Guinea: 70 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 136   Somalia: 60 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 137   Malawi: 50 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 137   Nepal: 50 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 139   Madagascar: 40 thousand metric tons/squ 
= 139   Papua New Guinea: 40 thousand metric tons/squ 
# 141   Bhutan: 30 thousand metric tons/squ 
Weighted average: 1,561.1 thousand metric tons/squ  



DEFINITION: SO2 emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.

SOURCE: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, Data Version 1.1, B1Illustrative Marker Scenario with model IMAGE

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COMMENTARY     

Ian Graham
Staff Editor

18th May 2005
One of Hawaii’s most popular tourist attractions, Kilauea volcano is also the state’s worst air polluter and the United States’ largest producer of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Since it began erupting in 1983, Kilauea has sent an average of 1,000 metric tons of SO2 into the atmosphere everyday, according to the Hawaii chapter of the American Lung Association, more than 6,000 times as much as a major industrial polluter.

When the SO2 reacts with other chemicals in the air, it creates a hazy pollution known locally as “vog,” short for volcanic smog. Press reports about vog first showed up in the 1950s, and mentioned eye irritation and allergy-like symptoms. But Big Island residents have long believed that vog is hazardous to health, and by the mid-1980s, Hawaii had the highest asthma death rate in the U.S., according to the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

In 1996, a comparison between Big Island emergency visits and vog levels between 1981 and 1991 found that people in high vog exposure areas sought treatment for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease more often when vog levels were high. The U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service have developed a sulfur dioxide monitoring and advisory plan to alert visitors and workers near the Kilauea caldera in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The American Lung Association recommends that people stay indoors during periods of heavy vog.


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