Energy > Natural gas Stats: compare key data on Canada & Turkey

Definitions

Consumption: This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors.
Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Consumption per capita: This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Imports: This entry is the total natural gas imported in cubic meters (cu m).
Including LNG > Consumption by iron and steel industry > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by other consumers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by other transportation > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Including LNG > Consumption by petroleum refineries > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Proved reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
Including LNG > Extraction loss shrinkage > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Total resources > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Statistical differences > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1e+15 population
Consumption > Billion cubic metres per million: Natural Gas: Consumption, Billion cubic metres, as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Consumption > Billion cubic metres: Natural Gas: Consumption, Billion cubic metres, as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05
Consumption > Billion cubic feet per day: Natural Gas: Consumption, Billion cubic feet per day, as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05
Consumption > Billion cubic metres > Share of total: Natural Gas: Consumption, Billion cubic metres, share of total (%), as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05%
Including LNG > Conversion to other forms of energy per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by other consumers per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by other transportation per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Including LNG > Conversion in thermal power plants per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Extraction loss shrinkage per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by households > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Flared and vented per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Imports per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Gross inland availability per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Net inland availability per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Proved > Reserves per capita: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Including LNG > Total resources per capita: . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Imports per capita: This entry is the total natural gas imported in cubic meters (cu m). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent > Share of total: Natural Gas: Consumption, Million tonnes oil equivalent, share of total (%), as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05%
Including LNG > Consumption by other industries and construction > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by chemical industry per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by petroleum refineries per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by transportation industry per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption for non-energy uses per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Energy balance requirement per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Gross > Production per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Net > Production per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent per million: Natural Gas: Consumption, Million tonnes oil equivalent, as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by households and other consumers per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent: Natural Gas: Consumption, Million tonnes oil equivalent, as of end of 2004

Notes: Others have less than 0.05
Including LNG > Consumption by chemical industry > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by energy sector > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by industry and construction > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by households and other consumers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption for non-energy uses > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Consumption by transportation industry > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Including LNG > Conversion in thermal power plants > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Energy balance requirement > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Conversion to other forms of energy > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Flared and vented > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Gross inland availability > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Imports > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Including LNG > Net inland availability > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Proved > Reserves: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
Proved reserves per capita: This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Including LNG > Changes in stocks per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by households per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by energy sector per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by industry and construction per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by iron and steel industry per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by natural gas fields and plants per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Including LNG > Consumption by other industries and construction per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.

SHOW ALL

LESS

SHARE TWEET EMBED

STAT	Canada	Turkey
Consumption	103.3 billion cu m Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Turkey	44.71 billion cu m Ranked 14th.
Consumption > Per capita	2.78 million cu m per 1,000 people Ranked 7th. 5 times more than Turkey	514,343.67 cu m per 1,000 people Ranked 48th.
Consumption per capita	2,805.47 cu m Ranked 5th. 6 times more than Turkey	492.27 cu m Ranked 39th.
Imports	31.31 billion cu m Ranked 18th.	45.92 billion cu m Ranked 9th. 47% more than Canada
Including LNG > Consumption by chemical industry	102,164 Terajoules Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Turkey	31,009 Terajoules Ranked 24th.
Including LNG > Consumption by households	646,600 Terajoules Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Turkey	222,586 Terajoules Ranked 14th.
Including LNG > Consumption by iron and steel industry > Per capita	2.33 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 8th. 8 times more than Turkey	0.302 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 32nd.
Including LNG > Consumption by natural gas fields and plants	638,219 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 1344 times more than Turkey	475 Terajoules Ranked 36th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other consumers	504,864 Terajoules Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Turkey	91,368 Terajoules Ranked 15th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other consumers > Per capita	15.63 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Turkey	1.27 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Consumption by other transportation	200,000 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 41 times more than Turkey	4,925 Terajoules Ranked 20th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other transportation > Per capita	6,192.14 Terajoules per 1 million Ranked 2nd. 91 times more than Turkey	68.34 Terajoules per 1 million Ranked 28th.
Including LNG > Consumption by petroleum refineries > Per capita	1.59 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 10th. 37 times more than Turkey	0.043 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 37th.
Production	None	None
Proved reserves	1.93 trillion cu m Ranked 17th. 313 times more than Turkey	6.17 billion cu m Ranked 84th.
Including LNG > Consumption by petroleum refineries	51,445 Terajoules Ranked 9th. 17 times more than Turkey	3,091 Terajoules Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Consumption by other industries and construction	663,314 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 9 times more than Turkey	73,201 Terajoules Ranked 32nd.
Including LNG > Consumption for non-energy uses	162,015 Terajoules Ranked 8th. 7 times more than Turkey	22,615 Terajoules Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Flared and vented	73,696 Terajoules Ranked 13th. 670 times more than Turkey	110 Terajoules Ranked 41st.
Including LNG > Energy balance requirement	3.75 million Terajoules Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Turkey	1.06 million Terajoules Ranked 26th.
Including LNG > Extraction loss shrinkage > Per capita	16.22 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 5th. 773 times more than Turkey	0.021 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 28th.
Including LNG > Imports	364,396 Terajoules Ranked 17th.	1.03 million Terajoules Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Canada
Including LNG > Extraction loss shrinkage	524,000 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 349 times more than Turkey	1,500 Terajoules Ranked 27th.
Including LNG > Total resources > Per capita	1,972.86 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 26th. 243 times more than Turkey	8.12 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 90th.
Including LNG > Total resources	63.72 million Terajoules Ranked 19th. 109 times more than Turkey	585,315 Terajoules Ranked 79th.
Including LNG > Statistical differences > Per capita	7.15 trillion Terajoules per 1e+15 peop Ranked 3rd.	-116,738,898.859 Terajoules per 1e+15 peop Ranked 29th.
Including LNG > Consumption by iron and steel industry	75,200 Terajoules Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Turkey	21,788 Terajoules Ranked 19th.
Consumption > Billion cubic metres per million	2.8 Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Turkey	0.331 Ranked 47th.
Consumption > Billion cubic metres	89.5 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Turkey	22.1 Ranked 28th.
Consumption > Billion cubic feet per day	8.6 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Turkey	2.1 Ranked 28th.
Consumption > Billion cubic metres > Share of total	3.33 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Turkey	0.82 Ranked 28th.
Including LNG > Conversion to other forms of energy per 1000	14.03 Terajoules Ranked 36th. 62% more than Turkey	8.67 Terajoules Ranked 49th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other consumers per 1000	15.62 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Turkey	1.35 Terajoules Ranked 29th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other transportation per million	6,189.65 Terajoules Ranked 2nd. 85 times more than Turkey	72.7 Terajoules Ranked 27th.
Including LNG > Conversion in thermal power plants per 1000	11.53 Terajoules Ranked 39th. 33% more than Turkey	8.67 Terajoules Ranked 47th.
Including LNG > Extraction loss shrinkage per 1000	16.22 Terajoules Ranked 5th. 732 times more than Turkey	0.0221 Terajoules Ranked 28th.
Including LNG > Consumption by households > Per capita	20.02 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 6th. 6 times more than Turkey	3.09 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Flared and vented per 1000	2.28 Terajoules Ranked 17th. 1405 times more than Turkey	0.00162 Terajoules Ranked 43th.
Including LNG > Imports per 1000	11.28 Terajoules Ranked 32nd.	15.2 Terajoules Ranked 27th. 35% more than Canada
Including LNG > Gross inland availability per 1000	116.12 Terajoules Ranked 10th. 7 times more than Turkey	15.65 Terajoules Ranked 58th.
Including LNG > Net inland availability per 1000	68.46 Terajoules Ranked 6th. 10 times more than Turkey	6.57 Terajoules Ranked 51st.
Proved > Reserves per capita	51,396.94 cu m Ranked 25th. 609 times more than Turkey	84.39 cu m Ranked 90th.
Including LNG > Total resources per capita	1.97 Terajoules Ranked 26th. 228 times more than Turkey	0.00864 Terajoules Ranked 87th.
Imports per capita	491.89 cu m Ranked 24th.	502.1 cu m Ranked 23th. 2% more than Canada
Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent > Share of total	3.33 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Turkey	0.82 Ranked 28th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other industries and construction > Per capita	20.54 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 5th. 20 times more than Turkey	1.02 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 60th.
Including LNG > Conversion in thermal power plants	372,423 Terajoules Ranked 24th.	587,146 Terajoules Ranked 12th. 58% more than Canada
Including LNG > Consumption by chemical industry per 1000	3.16 Terajoules Ranked 12th. 7 times more than Turkey	0.458 Terajoules Ranked 37th.
Including LNG > Consumption by petroleum refineries per 1000	1.59 Terajoules Ranked 10th. 35 times more than Turkey	0.0456 Terajoules Ranked 36th.
Including LNG > Consumption by transportation industry per million	6,189.65 Terajoules Ranked 2nd. 85 times more than Turkey	72.7 Terajoules Ranked 33th.
Including LNG > Consumption for non-energy uses per 1000	5.01 Terajoules Ranked 10th. 15 times more than Turkey	0.334 Terajoules Ranked 40th.
Including LNG > Energy balance requirement per 1000	116.12 Terajoules Ranked 10th. 7 times more than Turkey	15.65 Terajoules Ranked 58th.
Including LNG > Gross > Production per 1000	255.96 Terajoules Ranked 9th. 482 times more than Turkey	0.531 Terajoules Ranked 74th.
Including LNG > Net > Production per 1000	221.87 Terajoules Ranked 10th. 437 times more than Turkey	0.507 Terajoules Ranked 74th.
Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent per million	2.52 Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Turkey	0.298 Ranked 47th.
Including LNG > Consumption by households and other consumers per 1000	36.25 Terajoules Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Turkey	4.63 Terajoules Ranked 33th.
Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent	80.5 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Turkey	19.9 Ranked 28th.
Consumption > Date of > Information	2003 est.	2005 est.
Including LNG > Changes in stocks	-284,510 Terajoules Ranked 36th.	3,735 Terajoules Ranked 10th.
Including LNG > Consumption by chemical industry > Per capita	3.16 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 12th. 7 times more than Turkey	0.43 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 38th.
Including LNG > Consumption by energy sector > Per capita	21.49 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 9th. 326 times more than Turkey	0.066 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 69th.
Including LNG > Consumption by energy sector	694,103 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 146 times more than Turkey	4,751 Terajoules Ranked 57th.
Including LNG > Consumption by industry and construction > Per capita	26.03 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 8th. 15 times more than Turkey	1.75 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 62nd.
Including LNG > Consumption by households and other consumers	1.17 million Terajoules Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Turkey	313,954 Terajoules Ranked 15th.
Including LNG > Consumption by households and other consumers > Per capita	36.26 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Turkey	4.36 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 33th.
Including LNG > Consumption by industry and construction	840,678 Terajoules Ranked 4th. 7 times more than Turkey	125,998 Terajoules Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Consumption for non-energy uses > Per capita	5.02 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 10th. 16 times more than Turkey	0.314 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 40th.
Including LNG > Consumption by transportation industry > Per capita	6,192.14 Terajoules per 1 million Ranked 2nd. 91 times more than Turkey	68.34 Terajoules per 1 million Ranked 34th.
Including LNG > Consumption by transportation industry	200,000 Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 41 times more than Turkey	4,925 Terajoules Ranked 25th.
Including LNG > Conversion in thermal power plants > Per capita	11.53 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 40th. 42% more than Turkey	8.15 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 49th.
Including LNG > Energy balance requirement > Per capita	116.17 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 11th. 8 times more than Turkey	14.71 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 60th.
Including LNG > Conversion to other forms of energy	453,203 Terajoules Ranked 22nd.	587,146 Terajoules Ranked 13th. 30% more than Canada
Including LNG > Conversion to other forms of energy > Per capita	14.03 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 36th. 72% more than Turkey	8.15 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 53th.
Including LNG > Flared and vented > Per capita	2.28 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 17th. 1141 times more than Turkey	0.002 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 44th.
Including LNG > Gross inland availability > Per capita	116.17 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 11th. 8 times more than Turkey	14.71 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 60th.
Including LNG > Gross inland availability	3.75 million Terajoules Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Turkey	1.06 million Terajoules Ranked 26th.
Including LNG > Gross > Production	8.27 million Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 230 times more than Turkey	35,965 Terajoules Ranked 63th.
Including LNG > Imports > Per capita	11.28 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 32nd.	14.29 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 30th. 27% more than Canada
Including LNG > Net > Production	7.17 million Terajoules Ranked 3rd. 209 times more than Turkey	34,355 Terajoules Ranked 61st.
Including LNG > Net inland availability	2.21 million Terajoules Ranked 5th. 5 times more than Turkey	444,877 Terajoules Ranked 21st.
Including LNG > Net inland availability > Per capita	68.48 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 6th. 11 times more than Turkey	6.17 Terajoules per 1,000 peop Ranked 51st.
Proved > Reserves	1.75 trillion cu m Ranked 21st. 288 times more than Turkey	6.09 billion cu m Ranked 83th.
Proved reserves per capita	55,831.64 cu m Ranked 22nd. 730 times more than Turkey	76.5 cu m Ranked 96th.
Including LNG > Changes in stocks per million	-8,805.088 Terajoules Ranked 35th.	55.13 Terajoules Ranked 14th.
Including LNG > Consumption by households per 1000	20.01 Terajoules Ranked 6th. 6 times more than Turkey	3.29 Terajoules Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Consumption by energy sector per 1000	21.48 Terajoules Ranked 9th. 306 times more than Turkey	0.0701 Terajoules Ranked 68th.
Including LNG > Consumption by industry and construction per 1000	26.02 Terajoules Ranked 8th. 14 times more than Turkey	1.86 Terajoules Ranked 57th.
Including LNG > Consumption by iron and steel industry per 1000	2.33 Terajoules Ranked 8th. 7 times more than Turkey	0.322 Terajoules Ranked 31st.
Including LNG > Consumption by natural gas fields and plants per 1000	19.75 Terajoules Ranked 5th. 2472 times more than Turkey	0.00799 Terajoules Ranked 37th.
Including LNG > Consumption by other industries and construction per 1000	20.53 Terajoules Ranked 5th. 19 times more than Turkey	1.08 Terajoules Ranked 58th.

SOURCES: CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Source: Energy Statistics Database | United Nations Statistics Division; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005; Source: Energy Statistics Database | United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of countries by natural gas consumption; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

SHOW ALL

LESS

Citation

Compare Canada and Turkey in

Agriculture	Energy	Lifestyle
Background	Environment	Media
Conflict	Geography	Military
Cost of living	Government	People
Crime	Health	Religion
Culture	Import	Sports
Disasters	Industry	Terrorism
Economy	Labor	Transport
Education	Language	Weather

Energy > Natural gas Stats: compare key data on Canada & Turkey

Definitions

Citation

Compare Canada and Turkey in

Factoid #46

Related Sectors

Stats

Country profiles

Compare

Adblocker detected! Please consider reading this notice.

Definitions

APA MLA MHRA CSE AMA Chicago Bluebook Bluebook/JOLT Citation

Compare Canada and Turkey in

Factoid #46

Related Sectors

Stats

Country profiles

Compare

Embed content

Adblocker detected! Please consider reading this notice.

Citation