Economy > Innovation Stats: compare key data on Hong Kong & United States
Definitions
- Global Innovation Index > Efficiency Ratio: The ratio of an innovation output index to an innovation friendliness index. A high score means that the innovation friendliness translates optimally into actual innovation.
- Global Innovation Index > Innovation Input: An index designed to capture the innovation friendliness of the environment. It is made up of several sub-indicators in the following categories: Institutions (political environment, regulatory environment, business environment); human capital and research (education, tertiary education, research / development); infrastructure (ICT, general infrastructure, ecological sustainability); market sophistication (credit, investment, trade & competition); business sophistication (knowledge workers, innovation linkages, knowledge absorption).
- Global Innovation Index > Innovation Output: An index designed to capture innovation power. It is made up of several sub-indicators in the following categories: Technology outputs (knowledge creation, knowledge impact, knowledge diffusion); creative outputs (intangible assets, creative goods and services, online creativity).
- Nobel laureates: Nobel laureates.
- Patent applications, nonresidents: Patent applications, nonresidents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
- Patent applications, nonresidents per million: Patent applications, nonresidents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
- Patent applications, residents: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
- Patent applications, residents per million: Patent applications, residents. Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector (full time employment) per thousand people: Number of full-time employed researchers in private for-profit enterprises. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Government sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers in the government sector.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Government sector (full time employment) per million people: Number of full-time employed researchers in the government sector. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Higher education sector (full time employment) per million people: Number of full-time employed researchers hired by post-secondary institutions such as universities and colleges. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Private non-profit sector (full time employment) per million people: Number of full-time employed researchers in the private non-profit sector. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
- Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles. Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
- Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles. Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
- Global Innovation Index > Overall score: An index designed to capture innovation friendliness. It is an average of two sub-indices: one looking at the innovation friendliness of the environment, the other at innovation outputs.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Business enterprise sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers in private for-profit enterprises.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Private non-profit sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers in the private non-profit sector.
- Research and development personnel > By sector > Higher education sector (full time employment): Number of full-time employed researchers hired by post-secondary institutions such as universities and colleges.
SOURCES: "The Global Innovation Index" . World Intellectual Property Organization. 2013 . Retrieved 2014-02-18 .; Wikipedia: List of countries by Nobel laureates per capita (All prizes) ("Which country has the best brains?" . BBC News . 2010-10-10 . Retrieved 2010-10-10 .); World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Intellectual Property Indicators and www.wipo.int/econ_stat. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data.; World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Intellectual Property Indicators and www.wipo.int/econ_stat. The International Bureau of WIPO assumes no responsibility with respect to the transformation of these data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators.; National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables
