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Economy > Trade > Exports Stats: compare key data on Saudi Arabia & United Arab Emirates

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Definitions

  • Export growth: Export volume indexes are derived from UNCTAD's volume index series and are the ratio of the export value indexes to the corresponding unit value indexes. Unit value indexes are based on data reported by countries that demonstrate consistency under UNCTAD quality controls, supplemented by UNCTAD's estimates using the previous year's trade values at the Standard International Trade Classification three-digit level as weights. For economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export volume indexes (lines 72) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics are used."
  • Export growth in USD: Export values are the current value of exports (f.o.b.) converted to U.S. dollars and expressed as a percentage of the average for the base period (2000). UNCTAD's export value indexes are reported for most economies. For selected economies for which UNCTAD does not publish data, the export value indexes are derived from export volume indexes (line 72) and corresponding unit value indexes of exports (line 74) in the IMF's International Financial Statistics."
  • Export procedure fees > US$ per container: Cost measures the fees levied on a 20-foot container in U.S. dollars. All the fees associated with completing the procedures to export or import the goods are included. These include costs for documents, administrative fees for customs clearance and technical control, customs broker fees, terminal handling charges and inland transport. The cost measure does not include tariffs or trade taxes. Only official costs are recorded. Several assumptions are made for the business surveyed: Has 60 or more employees; Is located in the country's most populous city; Is a private, limited liability company. It does not operate within an export processing zone or an industrial estate with special export or import privileges; Is domestically owned with no foreign ownership; Exports more than 10% of its sales. Assumptions about the traded goods: The traded product travels in a dry-cargo, 20-foot, full container load. The product: Is not hazardous nor does it include military items; Does not require refrigeration or any other special environment; Does not require any special phytosanitary or environmental safety standards other than accepted international standards."
  • Exports of goods and services: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars.
  • Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Exports of goods and services > Current US$: Exports of goods and services (current US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
  • Goods and services > Constant LCU: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in constant local currency.
  • High-technology exports > Current US$ per capita: High-technology exports (current US$). High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • High-technology exports > Current US$, % of GDP: High-technology exports (current US$). High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Leading export market: Country or customs union which is the main recipient of exports.
  • Manufactures > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports: Manufactures comprise commodities in SITC sections 5 (chemicals), 6 (basic manufactures), 7 (machinery and transport equipment), and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured goods), excluding division 68 (non-ferrous metals)."
  • Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Residual > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy residuals are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database, less the sum of exports by the reporting economy to high-, low-, and middle-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Includes trade with unspecified partners or with economies not covered by World Bank classification. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy."
  • Per $ GDP: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Per capita: The total US dollar amount of exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$, % of GDP: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$). Merchandise exports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current US$. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Goods and services > Annual % growth: Annual growth rate of exports of goods and services based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments.
  • Exports of goods and services per capita: GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$ per capita: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$). Merchandise exports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current US$. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Merchandise exports > Current US$, % of GDP: Merchandise exports (current US$). Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Merchandise > Exports to high-income economies > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to high-income economies are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to high-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are expressed as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Ores and scrap metal > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports: Ores and metals comprise the commodities in SITC sections 27 (crude fertilizer, minerals nes); 28 (metalliferous ores, scrap); and 68 (non-ferrous metals)."
  • Merchandise > Exports > Current US$: Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars.
  • Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Current US$: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world, as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database. Data are in current US$."
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Latin America and the Caribbean > % of total merchan: Merchandise exports to third world economies in Latin America and the Caribbean are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to third world economies in the Latin America and the Caribbean region according to World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Middle East and North Africa > % of total merchandis: Merchandise exports to third world economies in Middle East and North Africa are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to third world economies in the Middle East and North Africa region according to World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Sub-Saharan Africa > % of total merchandise > Exports: Merchandise exports to third world economies in Sub-Saharan Africa are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to third world economies in the Sub-Saharan Africa region according to World Bank classification of economies as of July 1, 2009. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data."
  • Goods and services > Current LCU: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in current local currency.
  • Commodities: A rank ordering of exported products starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
  • Partners: A rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value
  • Goods and services > % of GDP: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments.
  • Merchandise trade > % of GDP: Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Merchandise trade as a share of GDP is the sum of merchandise exports and imports divided by the value of GDP, all in current U.S. dollars.
  • Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Exports of goods and services > Current US$ per capita: Exports of goods and services (current US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Time to export > Days: Time to export (days). Time is recorded in calendar days. The time calculation for a procedure starts from the moment it is initiated and runs until it is completed. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen. It is assumed that neither the exporter nor the importer wastes time and that each commits to completing each remaining procedure without delay. Procedures that can be completed in parallel are measured as simultaneous. The waiting time between procedures--for example, during unloading of the cargo--is included in the measure.
  • Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$: Exports of goods and services (constant 2000 US$). Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Merchandise exports > Current US$: Merchandise exports (current US$). Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars.
  • Time to export > Days per million: Time to export (days). Time is recorded in calendar days. The time calculation for a procedure starts from the moment it is initiated and runs until it is completed. If a procedure can be accelerated for an additional cost, the fastest legal procedure is chosen. It is assumed that neither the exporter nor the importer wastes time and that each commits to completing each remaining procedure without delay. Procedures that can be completed in parallel are measured as simultaneous. The waiting time between procedures--for example, during unloading of the cargo--is included in the measure. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Merchandise exports > Current US$ per capita: Merchandise exports (current US$). Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • External balance on goods and services > Current US$, % of GDP: External balance on goods and services (current US$). External balance on goods and services (formerly resource balance) equals exports of goods and services minus imports of goods and services (previously nonfactor services). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • High-technology exports > Current US$: High-technology exports (current US$). High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
  • Goods and services > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 $ gross domestic product.
  • Goods and services > Current US$: Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
STAT Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates HISTORY
Export growth 89.87
Ranked 116th.
184.16
Ranked 36th. 2 times more than Saudi Arabia

Export growth in USD 226.54
Ranked 68th.
350.61
Ranked 31st. 55% more than Saudi Arabia

Export procedure fees > US$ per container $532.00
Ranked 169th.
$593.00
Ranked 166th. 11% more than Saudi Arabia

Exports of goods and services 399.42 billion
Ranked 15th. 9% more than United Arab Emirates
365.19 billion
Ranked 17th.

Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $7,589.64
Ranked 38th.
$22,910.39
Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Saudi Arabia

Exports of goods and services > Current US$ $399.42 billion
Ranked 18th. 27% more than United Arab Emirates
$314.83 billion
Ranked 21st.

Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ 90.56 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 22nd. 10% more than United Arab Emirates
82.22 billion constant 2000 US$
Ranked 25th.

Goods and services > Constant LCU 245051000000 214583300000
High-technology exports > Current US$ per capita $7.37
Ranked 79th. 23% more than United Arab Emirates
$5.98
Ranked 81st.

High-technology exports > Current US$, % of GDP 0.0381%
Ranked 102nd. 2 times more than United Arab Emirates
0.0176%
Ranked 121st.

Leading export market Japan India
Manufactures > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports 8.11%
Ranked 106th. 2 times more than United Arab Emirates
4.02%
Ranked 128th.

Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Residual > % of total merchandise > Exports 0.05%
Ranked 150th.
16.12%
Ranked 29th. 322 times more than Saudi Arabia

Per $ GDP $0.53 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 29th.
$0.80 per $1 of GDP
Ranked 8th. 49% more than Saudi Arabia

Per capita $8,670.83 per capita
Ranked 13th.
$23,692.93 per capita
Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$, % of GDP 49.42%
Ranked 34th.
69.19%
Ranked 19th. 40% more than Saudi Arabia

Goods and services > Annual % growth 19.96%
Ranked 11th. 78% more than United Arab Emirates
11.23%
Ranked 63th.

Exports of goods and services per capita 14,119.83
Ranked 36th.
39,670.43
Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise exports by the reporting economy > Current US$ per capita $11,917.19
Ranked 29th.
$27,022.74
Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise exports > Current US$, % of GDP 54.29%
Ranked 24th.
81.76%
Ranked 5th. 51% more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise > Exports to high-income economies > % of total merchandise > Exports 61.23%
Ranked 100th. 36% more than United Arab Emirates
45.13%
Ranked 132nd.

Ores and scrap metal > Exports > % of merchandise > Exports 0.12%
Ranked 113th.
0.94%
Ranked 109th. 8 times more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise > Exports > Current US$ $192.30 billion
Ranked 16th. 10% more than United Arab Emirates
$175.00 billion
Ranked 17th.

Merchandise > Exports by the reporting economy > Current US$ $172.10 billion
Ranked 17th. 46% more than United Arab Emirates
$117.85 billion
Ranked 27th.

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Latin America and the Caribbean > % of total merchan 1.1%
Ranked 79th. 9 times more than United Arab Emirates
0.12%
Ranked 131st.

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Middle East and North Africa > % of total merchandis 5.59%
Ranked 20th.
9.67%
Ranked 12th. 73% more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise > Exports to third world economies in Sub-Saharan Africa > % of total merchandise > Exports 3.34%
Ranked 43th. 7% more than United Arab Emirates
3.12%
Ranked 46th.

Goods and services > Current LCU 704350000000 449331000000
Commodities petroleum and petroleum products 90% crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
Partners Japan 15.33%, South Korea 12.71%, US 12.2%, China 10.38%, India 7.12%, Taiwan 4.54%, Singapore 4.25% Japan 17.27%, South Korea 10.49%, India 9.96%, Iran 6.82%, Thailand 5.11%
Goods and services > % of GDP 60.68%
Ranked 32nd.
94.33%
Ranked 7th. 55% more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise trade > % of GDP 86.06%
Ranked 51st.
136.02%
Ranked 14th. 58% more than Saudi Arabia

Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ > Per capita 4,106.18 constant 2000 US$ per c
Ranked 33th.
19,031.49 constant 2000 US$ per c
Ranked 6th. 5 times more than Saudi Arabia

Goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ per capita 3,962.78 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 35th.
22,471.64 constant 2000 US$
Ranked 5th. 6 times more than Saudi Arabia

Exports of goods and services > Current US$ per capita $14,119.83
Ranked 22nd.
$35,275.17
Ranked 12th. 2 times more than Saudi Arabia

Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP 57.05%
Ranked 45th. 4% more than United Arab Emirates
55.02%
Ranked 16th.

Time to export > Days 13
Ranked 132nd. 86% more than United Arab Emirates
7
Ranked 182nd.

Exports of goods and services > Constant 2000 US$ $187.39 billion
Ranked 18th.
$210.91 billion
Ranked 21st. 13% more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise exports > Current US$ $386.00 billion
Ranked 16th. 29% more than United Arab Emirates
$300.00 billion
Ranked 18th.

Time to export > Days per million 0.46
Ranked 152nd.
0.76
Ranked 143th. 65% more than Saudi Arabia

Merchandise exports > Current US$ per capita $13,645.43
Ranked 25th.
$32,588.68
Ranked 9th. 2 times more than Saudi Arabia

External balance on goods and services > Current US$, % of GDP 25.91%
Ranked 7th. 44% more than United Arab Emirates
18.04%
Ranked 21st.

High-technology exports > Current US$ $200.94 million
Ranked 66th. 4 times more than United Arab Emirates
$50.47 million
Ranked 80th.

Goods and services > Current US$ > Per $ GDP 0.607$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 31st.
0.943$ per $1 of GDP
Ranked 6th. 55% more than Saudi Arabia

Goods and services > Current US$ 187.98 billion$
Ranked 14th. 54% more than United Arab Emirates
122.35 billion$
Ranked 23th.

SOURCES: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of Statistics and data files, and International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data; World Development Indicators database; United Nations, Comtrade database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations, Comtrade database. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Trade Organization Trade Profiles database, loaded 2010; World Bank staff estimates from the Comtrade database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.; World Bank staff estimates based data from International Monetary Fund's Direction of Trade database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; World Bank staff estimates. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank staff estimates. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Trade Organization. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Trade Organisation.; World Trade Organization, and World Bank GDP estimates.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Trade Organization.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Trade Organization. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations, Comtrade database.

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