Government > Leaders Stats: compare key data on Albania & Croatia

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STAT	Albania	Croatia	HISTORY
Head of state > Term limit for head of state	5 Ranked 72nd. The same as Croatia	5 Ranked 44th.
President	Bujar Nishani	Ivo Josipovic
President > Profile	<p>Bujar Nishani was elected president by parliament in June 2012, replacing Bamir Topi when his mandate came to an end.</p> <p>The main opposition Socialist Party boycotted the vote, and Mr Nishani was the only candidate put forward by the ruling coalition led by Prime Minister Sali Berisha&#039;s Democratic Party. </p> <p>Albania had been mired in political crisis for three years since the Socialists accused the Democrats of electoral fraud after the June 2009 legislative polls, and the failure to agree a consensus presidential candidate marked a setback for European Union efforts to ease political tensions. Government and opposition leaders traded accusations of sabotage throughout the process, which went through several rounds. </p> <p>Mr Nishani, 46, was the country&#039;s interior minister at the time of his election. He is a graduate of Albania&#039;s military academy and holds degrees in law and European studies. </p> <p>The president, who serves a five-year term, has an important role as the head of the legal system and commander of the country&#039;s armed forces.</p>	<p>Social Democrat Ivo Josipovic was elected for a five-year term in January 2010. He pledged to fight corruption and help Croatia achieve EU membership.</p> <p>The role of the president is largely ceremonial. He proposes the prime minister but it is for parliament to approve the nomination. </p> <p>The president can dissolve parliament and call elections.</p>
President > Summary	Mr Nishani is a former interior minister	Croatian President Ivo Josipovic
Prime minister	Edi Rama	Zoran Milanovic
Prime minister > Profile	<p>Edi Rama became prime minister in September 2013, three months after elections in which his Socialist Party won a landslide victory that brought to an end eight years of conservative rule.</p> <p>Mr Rama&#039;s main campaign pledges were to revive Albania&#039;s ailing economy, combat widespread corruption and crime, and speed up the country&#039;s integration into the European Union.</p><p>The election was closely monitored by the EU, which has twice rejected Albania&#039;s membership application and warned that the poll would be &quot;a crucial test&quot; for its further progress towards integration in the bloc.</p> <p>The outcome of the previous election, which returned the centre-right Democratic Party to power in 2009 by an extremely slender margin, was hotly disputed by the Socialists, who refused to recognise the result and launched a campaign of mass protests and civil disobedience in support of demands for a recount.</p> <p>Mr Rama became the leader of the Socialists in 2005 and spearheaded the party&#039;s challenging of the 2009 election outcome. The dispute over the result appeared at times to be bringing the country to the edge of civil conflict, and became a significant obstacle to Albania&#039;s EU integration.</p> <p>His predecessor as prime minister, Sali Berisha, dominated the country&#039;s political scene for more than 20 years, but by 2013 the electorate appeared to have become tired of the lack of economic progress under Mr Berisha and his perceived failure to tackle organised crime.</p> <p>Edi Rama is a painter-turned-politician who studied at the School of Fine Arts in Paris and during the 1990s made his home in the French capital.</p> <p>On his return to Albania, he became minister of culture in the Socialist government of Fatos Nano in 1998.</p> <p>In 2000, he was elected mayor of Tirana - a position he held until 2011. As mayor, he set out to remake the impoverished capital into a lively modern city, and embarked on a number of controversial projects, one of which was to order the painting of many old buildings in what became known as Edi Rama colours - bright pink, yellow, green and violet.</p> <p>Mr Rama&#039;s critics claimed that he devoted too much attention to cosmetic changes and failed to get to grips with major problems such as the unreliability of basic services in Tirana.</p> <p>As prime minister, he faces many tough challenges. His pledge to improve living standards - in a country where many people depend heavily on financial aid from the large Albanian diaspora in Western Europe and the United States - will be especially difficult to realise.</p> <p>A fluent speaker of English, French and Italian, Mr Rama is described by observers as a dynamic man with a strong personality.</p> <p>The new cabinet that he presented to parliament at the beginning of his tenure consists of mostly youthful political newcomers and includes six women - an unprecedented step in Albania.</p>	<p>Zoran Milanovic became prime minister after his four-party centre-left coalition bloc defeated the conservative Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in elections in December 2011.</p> <p>The HDZ had held power for most of the previous two decades, but had come to be seen as mired in corruption - a view that was confirmed when former HDZ prime minister Ivo Sanader was put on trial for corruption in November 2011. </p> <p>Riding a tide of popular anger over government graft and economic stagnation, the Kukuriku (&quot;cock-a-doodle-doo&quot;) bloc led by Mr Milanovic&#039;s own Social Democratic Party (SDP) won 81 seats in the 151-seat national assembly. The SDP took 61 of those seats.</p> <p>Mr Milanovic&#039;s chief election pledges were to revitalise the struggling economy and prepare Croatia for EU membership.</p> <p>His government adopted tough austerity measures in an effort to avoid a further downgrade in the country&#039;s credit rating - which by the end of 2010 had deteriorated to just a notch above junk status - revive industry and attract foreign investment.</p> <p>Mr Milanovic&#039;s efforts to restructure industry - especially the country&#039;s ailing shipyards - and cut back on public spending in order to meet the conditions for EU entry brought the government into conflict with the unions and dampened enthusiasm for EU membership.</p> <p>Unemployment has remained stubbornly high. Shortly before the centre-left coalition came to power the jobless rate stood at just under 18%; by February 2013 it was closer to 19%, with youth unemployment at 51%.</p> <p>On the eve of Croatia&#039;s EU accession in July 2013, Mr Milanovic acknowledged that the bloc&#039;s economic woes had undermined the Croatian people&#039;s support for membership, but insisted that there were still many good reasons for joining.</p> <p>Zoran Milanovic joined the SDP in 1999 and became the party&#039;s president in June 2007, in an election that followed the death of the party&#039;s founder, veteran Croatian politician Ivica Racan, two months earlier.</p> <p>He then led the SDP into the November 2007 general election, which it narrowly lost.</p> <p>He was born in Zagreb in 1966 and after studying law at university embarked on a diplomatic career. In 1994, he went to Nagorno-Karabakh on a peace mission on behalf of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and was the first Croatian citizen to serve in this role.</p> <p>He is married, and has two sons.</p>
Prime minister > Summary	Mr Rama was a charismatic mayor of Tirana before becoming prime minister	Zoran Milanovic has been a keen advocate of EU membership

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